叶面喷施噻苯隆次数及喷施时期对棉花生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 筛选出适宜棉花生长发育过程中的喷施噻苯隆时期及喷施次数,分析叶面喷施噻苯隆试剂对棉花生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】 2021年在新疆昌吉回族自治州(简称昌吉州)呼图壁县大丰镇进行叶面喷施噻苯隆试验,以新陆早82号棉花品种为材料,以150 mL/hm²作为喷施标准,T₁、T₂和T₃为喷施1次处理,分别在盛蕾期、花铃期和盛铃期喷施;T₄、T₅和T₆为喷施2次处理,分别在盛蕾期与花铃期、盛蕾期与盛铃期、花铃期与盛铃期喷施。T₇为喷施3次处理,在盛蕾期、花铃期与盛铃期各喷施1次。共设置7个处理,1个清水对照处理。研究叶面喷施噻苯隆的次数及喷施时期对棉花农艺性状、干物质积累与分配、产量及品质的影响。【结果】 T₅处理果枝数和铃数增加,与CK相比,果枝数增加1.8台,铃数增加3个;施药60 d后,T₅处理干物质积累量较CK增加28.94 g,且生殖器官干物质较CK占比较大,增加6.5%;T₅处理的棉花有效铃数较CK增加0.45个,单铃重增加0.37 g,T₆处理的籽棉与皮棉产量较CK分别增产20.7%与17.9%;T₅处理的上半部纤维长度较CK增加0.4%。【结论】 喷施2次噻苯隆,且在盛蕾期喷施对棉花生长发育具有促进效果,盛铃期喷施可以增加棉花的产量,利用噻苯隆作为植物生长调节剂对棉花有积极效果。

关键词: 噻苯隆; 喷施时期; 棉花; 喷施次数

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to screen out the suitable thiabilone spraying period and times in the process of cotton growth and development, the effects of foliar spraying of thidiazuron reagent on cotton growth and yield will be studied.【Methods】 In 2021, the experiment of Pencil Thiophenone was carried out in Dafeng Town, Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.The cotton variety Xinluzao 82 was used as the test material.150 mL/hm² was used as the spraying standard, and T₁, T₂, T₃ were used as the spraying treatments once, which were sprayed in bud, flower and boll stages respectively.T₄, T₅, T₆ were sprayed twice, respectively, in bud and boll stage, bud and boll stage, boll and boll stage.T₇ was sprayed for three times, spraying once in bud-blooming, flowering and boll-blooming stages.There were 7 treatments and one clean water control.The effects of spraying times and spraying cycle of Thidiazuron on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality of cotton were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the number of fruit branches and bolls in T₅ treatment increased by 1.8 and 3 compared with the control.After 60 days of application, the dry matter accumulation of T₅ treatment increased by 28.94 g compared with CK, and the dry matter of reproductive organs accounted for a larger proportion than CK, increasing by 6.5%.Compared with CK, the effective boll number and single boll weight of cotton treated with T₅ increased by 0.45 and 0.37g, respectively, and the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton treated with T₆ increased by 20.7% and 17.9%, respectively.Compared with CK, the fiber length of the top half of T₅ treatment increased by 0.4%.【Conclusion】 It is recommended to spray thidiazuron twice, and spraying it in full bud stage can promote the growth and development of cotton.Spraying it in full boll stage can increase the yield of cotton, and using thidiazuron as a plant growth regulator has a positive effect on cotton.

Key words: thidiazuron; spraying period; cotton; spraying times

中图分类号:

S562

谢佳, 王雨雁, 赵强, 张启越, 李世龙. 叶面喷施噻苯隆次数及喷施时期对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 2883-2889.

XIE Jia, WANG Yuyan, ZHAO Qiang, ZHANG Qiyue, LI Shilong. Effects of foliage spraying thidiazuron times and periods on growth and yield of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2883-2889.

图/表 7

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处理 Treat- ments	株数 Number of stems (10⁴株/hm²⁾	有效铃数 Effective number of fluid(个)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	17.45±1.13^a	6.09±0.49^b	5.93±0.33^c	46.88±2.21^a	6 280.85±473.60^cde	2 943.40±241.96^d
T₂	18.8±1.65^a	6.20±0.41^ab	6.08±0.09^abc	45.45±0.33^a	7 076.62±192.31^bcd	3 216.45±98.34^{b cd}
T₃	18.15±0.6^a	6.26±0.29^ab	6.09±0.09^abc	46.85±1.51^a	6 897.82±310.23^d	3 378.78±340.82^abc
T₄	19.25±1.43^a	6.38±0.15^ab	6.17±0.05^abc	44.85±1.56^ab	7 567.44±497.26^ab	3 390.44±168.39^abc
T₅	18.15±0.69^a	6.86±0.41^a	6.39±0.12^a	44.39±1.52^ab	7 950.83±224.92^a	3 527.20±24.93^ab
T₆	19.4±1.26^a	6.58±0.20^ab	6.31±0.14^ab	45.33±1.27^ab	8 055.87±507.53^a	3 652.88±266.09^a
T₇	17.7±1.13^a	6.71±0.44^ab	6.33±0.20^ab	42.56±2.02^b	7 501.22±252.02^abc	3 190.09±112.35^bcd
CK	17.35±1.14^a	6.41±0.29^ab	6.02±0.27^bc	46.39±0.55^a	6 673.68±76.38^de	3 095.70±57.71^cd

处理 Treat- ments	株数 Number of stems (10⁴株/hm²⁾	有效铃数 Effective number of fluid(个)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	17.45±1.13^a	6.09±0.49^b	5.93±0.33^c	46.88±2.21^a	6 280.85±473.60^cde	2 943.40±241.96^d
T₂	18.8±1.65^a	6.20±0.41^ab	6.08±0.09^abc	45.45±0.33^a	7 076.62±192.31^bcd	3 216.45±98.34^{b cd}
T₃	18.15±0.6^a	6.26±0.29^ab	6.09±0.09^abc	46.85±1.51^a	6 897.82±310.23^d	3 378.78±340.82^abc
T₄	19.25±1.43^a	6.38±0.15^ab	6.17±0.05^abc	44.85±1.56^ab	7 567.44±497.26^ab	3 390.44±168.39^abc
T₅	18.15±0.69^a	6.86±0.41^a	6.39±0.12^a	44.39±1.52^ab	7 950.83±224.92^a	3 527.20±24.93^ab
T₆	19.4±1.26^a	6.58±0.20^ab	6.31±0.14^ab	45.33±1.27^ab	8 055.87±507.53^a	3 652.88±266.09^a
T₇	17.7±1.13^a	6.71±0.44^ab	6.33±0.20^ab	42.56±2.02^b	7 501.22±252.02^abc	3 190.09±112.35^bcd
CK	17.35±1.14^a	6.41±0.29^ab	6.02±0.27^bc	46.39±0.55^a	6 673.68±76.38^de	3 095.70±57.71^cd

处理 Treatments	上半部纤维长度 Fiber length of upper half (mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific breaking strength (CN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation (%)	马克隆值 Micronaire
T₁	28.93±0.42^abc	83.50±0.9^ab	28.67±0.91^a	11.17±0.25^a	5.00±0.10^ab
T₂	28.33±0.23^c	82.43±0.75^b	28.40±1.25^a	11.57±0.64^a	4.97±0.06^ab
T₃	28.73±0.32^bc	83.30±0.82^ab	28.67±0.72^a	11.27±0.50^a	5.07±0.06^a
T₄	28.67±0.60^bc	83.30±1.4^ab	27.97±0.71^a	11.93±0.50^a	4.83±0.06^b
T₅	29.67±0.67^a	83.87±0.50^ab	28.60±0.20^a	11.53±0.32^a	4.87±0.25^ab
T₆	29.13±0.21^ab	83.97±0.59^ab	28.50±0.80^a	11.57±0.21^a	4.97±0.12^ab
T₇	29.27±0.32^ab	84.13±0.78^ab	28.80±1.81^a	11.47±0.35^a	5.03±0.06^ab
CK	29.53±0.29^a	84.33±1.23^a	28.40±0.82^a	11.80±0.36^a	4.93±0.06^ab

处理 Treatments	上半部纤维长度 Fiber length of upper half (mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific breaking strength (CN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation (%)	马克隆值 Micronaire
T₁	28.93±0.42^abc	83.50±0.9^ab	28.67±0.91^a	11.17±0.25^a	5.00±0.10^ab
T₂	28.33±0.23^c	82.43±0.75^b	28.40±1.25^a	11.57±0.64^a	4.97±0.06^ab
T₃	28.73±0.32^bc	83.30±0.82^ab	28.67±0.72^a	11.27±0.50^a	5.07±0.06^a
T₄	28.67±0.60^bc	83.30±1.4^ab	27.97±0.71^a	11.93±0.50^a	4.83±0.06^b
T₅	29.67±0.67^a	83.87±0.50^ab	28.60±0.20^a	11.53±0.32^a	4.87±0.25^ab
T₆	29.13±0.21^ab	83.97±0.59^ab	28.50±0.80^a	11.57±0.21^a	4.97±0.12^ab
T₇	29.27±0.32^ab	84.13±0.78^ab	28.80±1.81^a	11.47±0.35^a	5.03±0.06^ab
CK	29.53±0.29^a	84.33±1.23^a	28.40±0.82^a	11.80±0.36^a	4.93±0.06^ab