棉花-花生轮作模式对花生干物质积累量分配及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1648-1656.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.011

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

棉花-花生轮作模式对花生干物质积累量分配及产量的影响

高君¹(), 侯献飞², 苗昊翠², 贾东海², 顾元国², 汪天玲², 黄奕², 陈晓露¹(), 李强²()

1.伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院,新疆伊宁 835000
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-11-10 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
通信作者: 陈晓露(1981-),男,副教授,博士,研究方向为油料作物育种栽培及有害生物防控,(E-mail)cxl8109@163.com；
李强(1980-),男,新疆人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为油料作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)56631189@qq.com
作者简介:高君(1996-),女,山东济南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为花生栽培与育种,(E-mail)2287455311@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“花生绿色优质丰产高效智慧生产体系研建和应用”(2022YFD1000105);国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13);新疆维吾尔自治区油料产业技术体系

Effect of cotton-peanut crop rotation pattern on the distribution of dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut

GAO Jun¹(), HOU Xianfei², MIAO Haocui², JIA Donghai², GU Yuanguo², WANGH Tianling², HNU Yi², CHENG Xiaolu¹(), LI Qiang²()

1. College of f Biological and Geographical Sciences, Ili Normal University, Yining Xinjiang 835000, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Economics and S & T Information, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-11-10 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
Supported by:
National Key R& D Program Project "Research, Construction and Application of Green, High Quality, Productive and Efficient Smart Production System for Peanut"(2022YFD1000105);National Peanut Industry Technology System(CARS-13);Oilseed Industry Technology System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究棉花-花生轮作模式下花生干物质积累量分配规律特性。【方法】以新疆常规连作花生为对照(CK),设置棉花-花生-棉花轮作(CPC处理)、花生-棉花-花生轮作(PCP处理)2个不同的种植模式,在花生苗期、花针期、结荚期、成熟期分别测定花生根、茎、叶和果的干鲜比、干物质积累量等指标。【结果】花生荚果干重、叶干重与单株生物量间均呈显著正相关。花生全生育期棉花-花生-棉花轮作,花生-棉花-花生轮作的茎、叶、果的干鲜比及干物质积累量均显著高于CK,其中棉花-花生-棉花轮作的百果重、百仁重和产量比CK增加21.17%、35.33%和78.02%;花生-棉花-花生轮作的百果重、百仁重、出仁率和产量比CK分别增加14.68%、6.64%、1.39%和40.54%。棉花-花生-棉花轮作百果重、百仁重均显著高出CK和花生-棉花-花生轮作处理21.42%和35.28%、5.69%和26.08%。【结论】轮作模式具有加快生育进程的效果,轮作可以显著提高干物质积累量及百果重、百仁重,且有利于花生产量的提高。

关键词: 棉花-花生轮作; 干物质积累量; 产量性状

Abstract:

【Objective】To characterize the dry matter accumulation and distribution pattern of peanut under the cotton peanut rotation pattern.【Methods】Using the conventional continuous peanut in Xinjiang as control (CK), we set up two different cropping patterns, namely, cotton - peanut - cotton rotation (CPC) and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation (PCP), and measured the dry and fresh ratios of peanut roots, stems, leaves and fruits as well as the amount of dry matter accumulated at the seedling stage, the needle stage, the podding stage and the maturity stage, respectively. 【Results】There was a significant positive correlation between the dry weight of peanut pods and fruits, the dry weight of leaves and the biomass of a single plant. The dry-to-fresh ratio and dry matter accumulation of stems, leaves and fruits of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation were significantly higher than those of CK during the whole life span of peanut, in which the weight of 100 fruits, 100 kernels and yield of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation increased by 21.17%, 35.33% and 78.02%, respectively compared with CK; and the weight of 100 fruits, 100 kernels, kernel yield and yield of peanut - cotton - peanut rotation increased by 14.68%, 6.64%, 1.39% and 40.54%, respectively compared with those of CK. The 100-fruit weight and 100-kernel weight of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation were significantly higher than those of CK and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation treatments by 21.42% and 35.28%, 5.69% and 26.08%, respectively. 【Conclusion】It was clearly seen that crop rotation mode achieved the effect of accelerating the fertility process. Crop rotation can significantly increase dry matter accumulation and 100-fruit and 100-kernel weights and is favorable to the improvement of peanut yield.

Key words: cotton-peanut rotation; dry matter accumulation; yield traits

中图分类号:

S562
S344.1

高君, 侯献飞, 苗昊翠, 贾东海, 顾元国, 汪天玲, 黄奕, 陈晓露, 李强. 棉花-花生轮作模式对花生干物质积累量分配及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1648-1656.

GAO Jun, HOU Xianfei, MIAO Haocui, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, WANGH Tianling, HNU Yi, CHENG Xiaolu, LI Qiang. Effect of cotton-peanut crop rotation pattern on the distribution of dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1648-1656.

图/表 8

图1 不同年份间花生和棉花的种植方案注:A地块不同年份间种植模式为花生-花生-花生,简称为CK;C地块不同年份间种植模式为棉花-花生-棉花,简称为CPC;D地块不同年份间种植模式为花生-棉花-花生,简称为PCP

Fig.1 Planting schemes of peanut and cotton between different years Note: The cropping pattern between years in plot A is peanut-peanut-peanut, abbreviated as CK; the cropping pattern between years in plot C is cotton-peanut-cotton, abbreviated as CPC; and the cropping pattern between years in plot D is peanut-cotton-peanut, abbreviated as PCP

图2 不同处理下花生生长发育过程中各器官干鲜比注:相同器官图柱上不同小写字母表示不同种植模式间差异在0.05水平显著

Fig.2 Dry-to-fresh ratio of each organ during peanut growth and development under different cropping patterns Note: Different lowercase letters on the plot columns of the same organ indicate significant differences between different cropping patterns at the 0.05 level

图3 不同种植模式下花生单株总干物质积累量的变化注:相同时期柱上不同小写字母表示不同种植模式间差异在0.05水平显著

Fig.3 Changes of total dry matter accumulation of peanut monocots under different cropping patterns Note: Different lowercase letters on the graph bars for the same period indicate that the differences between different cropping patterns are significant at the 0.05 level

图4 不同种植模式花生苗期、花针期、结荚期、荚果成熟期的干物质分配率变化注:柱上数字为干物质分配率

Fig.4 Changes of dry matter allocation in different cropping patterns at seedling, flowering-pegging, pod setting and pod filling stages Note:The numbers on the columns are the dry matter distribution ratios

表1 不同种植模式下花生干物质积累logistic方程及数据

Tab.1 logistic equation and data of dry matter accumulation in continuous cropping and rotation of peanut

指标 Indexes	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	R²	t₁	t₂	t₃
花生-棉花-花生轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in peanut-cotton-peanut	y= $\frac{0.993 19}{1 + 436.728 9 e^{- 11.653 778}}$	0.992 67	51.50	65.73	79.978
CK干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in CK	y= $\frac{0.996 1}{1 + 272.689 47 e^{- 9.898 29 x}}$	0.997 24	54.63	71.39	88.16
棉花-花生-棉花轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in cotton-peanut-cotton	y= $\frac{0.988 5}{1 + 1 858.274 32 e^{- 13.197 42 x}}$	0.996 17	59.31	71.88	84.45

表1 不同种植模式下花生干物质积累logistic方程及数据

Tab.1 logistic equation and data of dry matter accumulation in continuous cropping and rotation of peanut

指标 Indexes	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	R²	t₁	t₂	t₃
花生-棉花-花生轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in peanut-cotton-peanut	y= $\frac{0.993 19}{1 + 436.728 9 e^{- 11.653 778}}$	0.992 67	51.50	65.73	79.978
CK干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in CK	y= $\frac{0.996 1}{1 + 272.689 47 e^{- 9.898 29 x}}$	0.997 24	54.63	71.39	88.16
棉花-花生-棉花轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in cotton-peanut-cotton	y= $\frac{0.988 5}{1 + 1 858.274 32 e^{- 13.197 42 x}}$	0.996 17	59.31	71.88	84.45

图5 不同种植模式下花生干物质积累logistic拟合曲线

Fig.5 Logistic fitting curve of dry matter accumulation in continuous cropping and rotation of peanut

表2 不同种植模式下花生的产量及产量构成

Tab.2 Yield and yield components of peanut under different cropping patterns

处理 Treatments	百果重 Hundred pods weight (g)	百仁重 Hyakuren Heavy (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)	500 g果数 Number of pods at 500 g	单株生物量 single plant biomass	单株产量 Single plant yield	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
棉花-花生- 棉花轮作 Cotton-peanut-cotton	204.35±4.53^a	87.26±3.03^a	75%±0.01^c	243±2.64^c	169.41±1.21^a	31.47±0.52^b	7 421.28^a
对照CK	168.65±8.63^c	64.48±0.38^c	72%±0.01^b	286±3.21^a	137.40±1,53^c	30.26±0.86^c	4 160.42^c
花生-棉花- 花生轮作 Peanut-cotton-peanut	193.47±1.74^b	68.76±2.15^b	73%±0.01^a	269±1.54^b	155.03±0.96^b	33.02±1.23^a	5 847.07^b

图6 不同种植模式下花生干物质积累量与产量指标的相关性

Fig.6 Correlation analysis of dry matter accumulation and yield index of peanut plants under different cropping patterns

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棉花-花生轮作模式对花生干物质积累量分配及产量的影响

Effect of cotton-peanut crop rotation pattern on the distribution of dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut

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[1]	韩睿, 张全成, 王小丽, 林萍, 魏迎凤, 王俊刚. 龙葵对棉花生长的影响及其经济阈值分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1831-1837.
[2]	龚照龙, 于可可, 郑巨云, 杜明伟, 梁亚军, 王俊铎, 艾先涛, 李雪源, 郭江平, 莫明. 化学封顶剂不同浓度处理对棉花农艺及产量性状的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(8): 1392-1397.
[3]	郑巨云, 王俊铎, 张泽坤, 梁亚军、龚照龙, 艾先涛, 郭江平, 莫明, 李雪源. 新疆南疆机采棉品种株型结构与产量性状的相关性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(4): 722-728.
[4]	郑巨云, 王俊铎, 龚照龙, 梁亚军, 窦先运, 艾先涛, 郭江平, 莫明, 李雪源. 南疆机采棉品种光合特性与产量性状相关性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(7): 1214-1223.
[5]	周小云, 郭刚, 马盾. 陆地棉半矮秆免打顶突变体sd农艺和产量性状的研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(6): 1046-1055.
[6]	李强;顾元国;王娟;贾东海;张乐;陈跃华. 新疆旱区不同种植密度对花生光合生理及产量的影响[J]. , 2016, 53(1): 84-90.
[7]	余力;何玉梅;海丽齐汗·哈力克;梅拥军. 海岛棉枯萎病对产量性状的贡献分析[J]. , 2015, 52(7): 1346-1351.
[8]	王俊铎;梁亚军;龚照龙;艾先涛;郑巨云;李雪源;吐尔逊江;莫明;多力坤. 南疆棉花历史主栽品种产量性状演变规律研究[J]. , 2015, 52(4): 779-784.
[9]	王娟;郭伟锋;胡守林;曹新川;万素梅. 陆地棉种质材料遗传多样性研究[J]. , 2014, 51(1): 15-22.
[10]	潘竟海;陈友强;林明;白晓山;李承业;张智忠. 黑籽瓜产量性状的相关与通径分析[J]. , 2013, 50(8): 1406-1410.
[11]	郑巨云;王俊铎;艾先涛;多力坤;梁亚军;莫明;吐逊江;李雪源;龚照龙. 陆地棉产量与纤维品质性状的遗传相关分析[J]. , 2013, 50(6): 995-1002.
[12]	柴颜军;陈全家;曾凯;陈磊;刘艳;王海标;谢元元;郑炜佳;曲延英. 海岛棉产量性状和纤维品质性状的相关性[J]. , 2013, 50(12): 2157-2164.
[13]	田海燕;战勇;张恒斌;杨相昆;刘涛. 8个新疆大豆主栽品种产量与主要产量性状关联度的研究[J]. , 2011, 48(11): 2031-2034.
[14]	丁胜;鲁乃曾;杨东杰;张利莉;梅拥军. 新疆自育海岛棉品种间杂交产量性状的杂种优势分析[J]. , 2010, 47(1): 42-46.
[15]	赛力汗·赛;赵奇;陈兴武;雷钧杰. 不同冬小麦品种产量性状及水分生产率比较研究[J]. , 2009, 46(5): 960-963.