核桃焦叶病与矿质元素关系分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析树体营养水平调控增强核桃抗焦叶病能力,为核桃焦叶病科学防控提供理论依据。【方法】通过系统比较健康、轻度、中度、重度核桃焦叶病生产园以及不同施肥处理后核桃样园和核桃叶片中矿质元素含量变化。【结果】核桃不同发病程度叶片矿质元素含量之间差异比较:大量元素为健康园叶片中N、P、K、Ca含量显著高于中度园和重度园(P<0.05),而健康园叶片中Mg含量显著低于发病园(P<0.05);微量元素:健康园叶片中Fe、Mn、Cu含量显著高于发病园(P<0.05),Cl、Na和Zn含量显著低于发病园(P<0.05)。核桃不同发病程度土壤矿质元素含量之间差异比较:大量元素为健康土壤中TN、TP、TK、AN、AP、AK含量显著高于中度园和重度园(P<0.05);微量元素为健康土壤中Fe、Cu、Zn含量显著高于中度园和重度园(P<0.05)。健康土壤中Na、Cl含量显著低于中度园和重度园(P<0.05)。N和K在PC₁和PC₂中均为正值,并且呈正相关,对焦叶病发挥主要作用。施肥处理后,合理的根施N、K和叶喷N、K相结合效果最佳,发病率降到8%,并且土壤和叶片中的氮钾含量都显著上升。【结论】核桃焦叶病的发生与N、K含量低和Cl含量高有密切关系,合理补充N、K可有效防控核桃焦叶病。

关键词: 核桃; 焦叶病; 矿质元素; 施肥

Abstract:

【Objective】 To enhance the ability of walnut to resist leaf scorch disease by taking the regulation of tree nutrient level as the entry point in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of the disease.【Methods】 The changes of mineral elements in healthy, mild, moderate and severe walnut leaf scorch disease production gardens and walnut leaf leaves after different fertilization treatments were systematically compared.【Results】 Differences in leaf mineral element contents in walnuts with different pathogenesis levels were compared.In terms of a large number of elements, the contents of N, P, K and Ca in the leaves of healthy garden were significantly higher than those in medium garden and heavy garden (P<0.05); The Mg content in the leaves of the healthy garden was significantly lower than that in the diseased garden (P<0.05); In terms of trace elements, the contents of Fe, Mn and Cu in the leaves of the healthy garden were significantly higher than those in the morbidity garden (P<0.05); The contents of Cl, Na and Zn were significantly lower than those in the morbidity garden (P<0.05); The contents of Na and Cl in healthy soil were significantly lower than those in moderate and heavy gardens (P<0.05); Principal component analysis revealed that N and K were positive in PC1 and PC2 so they were positively correlated, which played a major role in focal leaf scorch.After fertilization treatment, the combination of reasonable root application N, K and leaf spraying N and K was the best, the incidence rate of which was reduced to 8%, and the nitrogen and potassium content in soil and leaves increased significantly.【Conclusion】 The occurrence of walnut leaf scorched is closely related to low content of N and K and high content of Cl, and reasonable supplementation of N and K can effectively prevent and control walnut leaf scorch disease.

Key words: walnut; leaf scorch disease; mineral elements; fertilization

中图分类号:

S436

赵莎莎, 王世伟, 张翠芳, 郝洪龙, 郭桐, 杨先安, 杨雯洁. 核桃焦叶病与矿质元素关系分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2750-2760.

ZHAO Shasha, WANG Shiwei, ZHANG Cuifang, HAO Honglong, GUO Tong, YANG Xianan, YANG Wenjie. Analysis of the relationship between walnut leaf scorch disease and mineral elements[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2750-2760.

图/表 14

参考文献 30

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施肥 Fertilize	对应处理 Correspondence processing comtente
对照1(CK₁) Comparison 1	根部浇水50 kg
处理1(T₁) Treatment 1	根施氮钾肥,(1 kg尿素+1 kg硫酸钾+ 50 kg水,充分溶解)/棵
对照2(CK₂) Comparison 2	叶面喷水
处理2(T₂) Treatment 2	叶片喷氮钾肥,(2 kg尿素+2 kg硫酸钾溶入1 000 kg水)/30棵
对照3(CK₃) Comparison 3	根部浇水50 kg+叶面喷水
处理3(T₃) Treatment 3	处理1+处理2(根施氮钾肥+叶片喷氮钾肥)

施肥 Fertilize	对应处理 Correspondence processing comtente
对照1(CK₁) Comparison 1	根部浇水50 kg
处理1(T₁) Treatment 1	根施氮钾肥,(1 kg尿素+1 kg硫酸钾+ 50 kg水,充分溶解)/棵
对照2(CK₂) Comparison 2	叶面喷水
处理2(T₂) Treatment 2	叶片喷氮钾肥,(2 kg尿素+2 kg硫酸钾溶入1 000 kg水)/30棵
对照3(CK₃) Comparison 3	根部浇水50 kg+叶面喷水
处理3(T₃) Treatment 3	处理1+处理2(根施氮钾肥+叶片喷氮钾肥)

分析指标 Analysis project	分析方法 Analysis method
有机质Organic matter(OM)	油浴外加热, 重铬酸钾氧化容量法
全氮 Total nitrogen(TN)	H₂SO₄-HClO₄ 消煮,凯氏定氮法
全磷 Total phosphorus(TP)	H₂SO₄-HClO₄ 消煮,钼锑抗分光光度比色法
全钾 Total potassium(TK)	H₂SO₄-HClO₄ 消煮,火焰光度计法
速效氮 Available nitrogen(AN)	碱解快散法
速效磷 Available phosphorus(AP)	NHCO₃浸提, 钼锑抗分光光度比色法
速效钾 Available potassium(AK)	醋酸铵浸提,火焰光度计法
Cl	离子色谱法
Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、 Cu、Zn、Na	DTPA浸提, 原子吸收分光光度法

分析指标 Analysis project	分析方法 Analysis method
有机质Organic matter(OM)	油浴外加热, 重铬酸钾氧化容量法
全氮 Total nitrogen(TN)	H₂SO₄-HClO₄ 消煮,凯氏定氮法
全磷 Total phosphorus(TP)	H₂SO₄-HClO₄ 消煮,钼锑抗分光光度比色法
全钾 Total potassium(TK)	H₂SO₄-HClO₄ 消煮,火焰光度计法
速效氮 Available nitrogen(AN)	碱解快散法
速效磷 Available phosphorus(AP)	NHCO₃浸提, 钼锑抗分光光度比色法
速效钾 Available potassium(AK)	醋酸铵浸提,火焰光度计法
Cl	离子色谱法
Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、 Cu、Zn、Na	DTPA浸提, 原子吸收分光光度法

核桃样园号 Walnut garden number	主栽品种 Main variety	授粉品种 Pollinated variety	样园位置 Sample garden location	发病率 Incidence rate(%)	发病程度 Degree of onset
1	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县361县道(喀拉库杰克村旁)	61	中度
2	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县玉斯屯克巴格托格拉克村四组	92	重度
3	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县托万克巴格托格拉克村	80	重度
4	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县喀拉塔勒村	16	轻度
5	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县361县道(阿布迪尔曼村和夏喀勒村之间)	89	重度
6	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县代热亚博依村5组	20	轻度
7	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县代热亚博依村1组	19	轻度
8	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县代热亚博依村2组	72	中度
9	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县阿布迪尔曼村	18	轻度
10	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县夏克勒村	0	健康
11	温185	新新2	阿瓦提县代热亚博依村363县道附近	0	健康