玉米籽粒收获机喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置设计与试验

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 2500-2513.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.018

• 植物保护·土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业装备工程与机械化·草业 • 上一篇下一篇

玉米籽粒收获机喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置设计与试验

徐路明¹(), 靳范¹^,²(), 张俊三¹^,², 阿力木·买买提吐尔逊¹^,², 李谦绪², 孙利峰²

1.新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆新研牧神科技有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2024-03-28 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-07
通信作者: 靳范(1968-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,提高待遇高级工程师,研究方向为农业机械化技术装备,(E-mail)639916709@qq.com
作者简介:徐路明(1997-),男,辽宁鞍山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为现代农业机械装备,(E-mail)1067029962@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目“大型粮饲玉米及大豆收获关键技术研究及智能装备创制”(2022B02016)

Design and experiment of combined threshing and separating device for corn grain harvester

XU Luming¹(), JIN Fan¹^,²(), ZHANG Junsan¹^,², Alimu Maimaitituerxun¹^,², LI Qianxu², SUN Lifeng²

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Xinyan Moshine Science & Technolog Co.,Ltd, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2024-03-28 Published:2024-10-20 Online:2024-11-07
Correspondence author: JIN Fan(1968-), male, from Urumqi, Xinjiang,senior engineer with improved salary, research direction:Agriculture Mechanization Technology and Equipment,(E-mail)639916709@qq.com
Supported by:
Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Research on Key Technologies of Large-Scale Corn and Soybean Harvest and Creation of Intelligent Equipment"(2022B02016)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 针对玉米脱粒过程中易出现脱粒空间堵塞、滚筒转不动所导致的籽粒破碎率偏高和存在夹带损失的问题,设计一种喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置。【方法】 在滚筒前端的喂入口处设计喂入加速辊,分析对果穗及秸秆受力情况,确定半径为150 mm,并结合过桥输送链耙线速度和玉米脱粒速度,确定转速为430 r/min;分析滚筒工作段型式,优化设计导流罩内导流板角度为喂入段30°、脱粒段20°、分离段10°;在滚筒后端排草口处设计安装排杂抛出装置,包括排草辊和排草凹板。以滚筒转速、凹板间隙、喂入量为试验因素,同时以籽粒破碎率和未脱净率作为评价指标,设计三因素三水平田间正交试验;使用Design-Expert 12软件优化数据。【结果】 在滚筒转速447.11 r/min、凹板间隙34.74 mm、喂入量16.14 kg/s,籽粒破碎率达到2.68%,未脱净率达到0.99%。【结论】 在滚筒转速450 r/min、凹板间隙35 mm、喂入量16 kg/s,平均籽粒破碎率达到2.73%,平均未脱净率达到1.04%,试验结果与优化结果间相对误差在5%以内,装置设计合理,优于传统脱粒分离装置,满足脱粒标准。

关键词: 玉米; 喂抛组合式; 脱粒分离装置; 受力分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 Aiming at the phenomenon of high grain breaking rate and entrainment loss caused by space blockage and drum failure during corn threshing, this project intends to design a feeding and throwing combined threshing separation device. 【Methods】 The feeding acceleration roller was designed at the feeding entrance of the front end of the drum, and the radius was determined to be 150 mm through the stress analysis of the ears and straw, and the rotating speed was determined to be 430 r/min based on the rake line speed of the cross-bridge conveyor chain and the corn threshing speed. By analyzing the type of drum working section, the angle of the guide plate in the guide hood was optimized to be 30° in feeding section, 20° in threshing section and 10° in separating section. A litter throwing device was designed and installed at the straw discharging outlet at the back end of the roller, including a straw discharging roller and a straw discharging concave plate. A three-factor and three-level field orthogonal experiment was designed with rotating speed of roller, gap of concave plate and feeding amount as experimental factors, and grain breakage rate and unstripped rate as evaluation indexes. The test results were analyzed by the trend of response surface among the factors, and the data were optimized by Design-Expert 12 software. 【Results】 The orthogonal test results showed that under the conditions of roller speed 447.11 r /min, concave clearance 34.74 mm and feeding amount 16.14 kg /s, the grain breakage rate reached 2.68% and the uncleaned rate reached 0.99%. 【Conclusion】 Field verification experiment shows that: Under the conditions of cylinder speed 450 r/min, concave clearance 35 mm and feeding amount 16 kg/s, the average grain crushing rate reaches 2.73%, the average unpeeled rate reaches 1.05%, and the relative error between the test results and the optimization results is within 5%, which has proved that the device design is reasonable, superior to the traditional threshing separation device, thus meeting the national threshing standard.

Key words: corn; feed and throw combined type; threshing and separating device; force analysis

中图分类号:

S225.51

徐路明, 靳范, 张俊三, 阿力木·买买提吐尔逊, 李谦绪, 孙利峰. 玉米籽粒收获机喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置设计与试验[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2500-2513.

XU Luming, JIN Fan, ZHANG Junsan, Alimu Maimaitituerxun, LI Qianxu, SUN Lifeng. Design and experiment of combined threshing and separating device for corn grain harvester[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2500-2513.

图/表 21

表1 玉米植株及果穗相关参数

Tab.1 Relevant parameters of corn plants and ears

参数 Argument	数值 Numerical value
行距 Line spacing (mm)	550
株距 Spacing in rows (mm)	350
自然株高 Natural plant height (mm)	2 943
最低结穗高度 Minimum heading height (mm)	1 315
百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g)	35.7
果穗长 Ear length (mm)	220
籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content (%)	25.2

图1 4YZL-13型自走式玉米籽粒收获机结构注:1.割台;2.过桥;3.驾驶室;4.喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置;5.驱动轮;6.粮仓;7.清选系统;8.粮食绞龙;9.杂余绞龙;10.转向轮;11.切碎器;12.机架;13.卸粮筒

Fig.1 Structure diagram of 4YZL-13 self-propelled corn grain harvester Notes:1.Cutting table;2.Bridge;3.Cab;4.Feed and throw combined threshing separation device;5.Drive wheel;6.Granary;7.Cleaning system;8.Grain winch;9.Miscellaneous winch;10.Steering wheel;11.Chopper;12.Frame;13.Discharge cylinder

图2 喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置结构示意注:1.防护罩;2.喂入加速辊;3.喂入口;4.导流罩;5.脱粒凹板;6.单纵轴流滚筒;7.分离凹板;8.排草口;9.排草凹板;10.排草辊;11.变速箱

Fig.2 Structure diagram of feed and throw combined threshing and separating device Notes:1.Shield;2.Feed acceleration roller;3.Feed inlet;4.Guide hood;5.Threshing concave plate;6.Single longitudinal axial flow roller;7.Separation concave plate;8.Straw drain;9.Drain concave plate;10.Drain roller;11.Gearbox

图3 物料流动示意注:1.强制喂入;2.脱粒分离;3.排杂抛出

Fig.3 Material flow diagram Notes:1.Forced feeding;2.Threshed separation;3.Throw out impurities

图4 喂入加速辊结构示意注:1.耐磨拨齿板;2.安装座板;3.支撑轮毂;4.喂入加速辊轴

Fig.4 Structure diagram of feeding acceleration roller Notes:1.Wear-resistant gear plate;2.Mounting plate;3.Supporting wheel hub;4.Feeding acceleration roller

图5 果穗秸秆层与喂入加速辊接触时受力

Fig.5 Force analysis diagram of straw layer in contact with accelerating roller

图6 单纵轴流滚筒结构示意注:1.连接转轴;2.螺旋叶片;3.锥筒;4.脱粒纹杆;5.分离钉齿;6.直筒

Fig.6 Single longitudinal axial flow drum structure diagram Notes:1.Connecting shaft;2.Spiral blade;3.Cone;4.Threshing rod;5.Separation nail teeth;6.Straight barrel

图7 果穗与螺旋叶片接触时受力情况

Fig.7 Stress analysis diagram of ear in contact with spiral leaf

图8 果穗沿导流板的速度

Fig.8 Speed analysis diagram of fruit ear along the guide plate

图9 排草辊结构示意注:1.轴;2.侧轮毂;3.板齿;4.中间轮毂;5.安装支架

Fig.9 Straw roller structure diagram Notes:1.Shaft;2.Side hub;3.Plate tooth;4.Intermediate hub;5.Mounting bracket

图10 排草凹板结构示意注:1.左侧板;2.半栅格凹板;3.后安装板;4.前安装板;5.右侧板

Fig.10 The structure diagram of thegrass concave plate Notes:1.Left panel;2.Semi-grid concave panel;3.Rear mounting panel;4.Front mounting panel;5.Right-side plate

图11 强制喂入装置安装位置示意

Fig.11 Installation position diagram of force-feeding device

图12 脱粒分离装置安装位置示意

Fig.12 Installation position diagram of threshing and separating device

图13 排杂抛出装置安装位置示意

Fig.13 Installation position diagram of clutter ejector device

表2 试验因素编码

Tab.2 Test factor coding

编码 Coding	滚筒转速A Drum speed A (r/min)	凹板间隙B Concave clearance B (mm)	喂入量C Feed amount C (kg/s)
-1	400	30	16
0	450	35	17
1	500	40	18

图14 田间试验与作业效果

Fig.14 Field experiment and operation effect

表3 试验方案与结果

Tab.3 Experimental scheme and results

序号 Number	试验因素 Experimental factor			评价指标 Evaluation index
序号 Number	滚筒转速A Drum speed A (r/min)	凹板间隙B Concave clearance B (mm)	喂入量C Feed amount C (kg/s)	籽粒破碎率Z_s Grain breakage rate Z_s (%)	未脱净率S_w Unstripped rate S_w (%)
1	-1	-1	0	3.25	2.05
2	1	-1	0	4.18	0.97
3	-1	1	0	2.55	2.07
4	1	1	0	3.61	1.93
5	-1	0	-1	2.43	1.61
6	1	0	-1	3.72	0.75
7	-1	0	1	3.51	2.06
8	1	0	1	4.19	1.35
9	0	-1	-1	3.21	1.08
10	0	1	-1	2.41	1.91
11	0	-1	1	3.85	1.71
12	0	1	1	3.92	1.89
13	0	0	0	2.98	1.16
14	0	0	0	2.83	0.98
15	0	0	0	2.94	1.11
16	0	0	0	2.96	1.13
17	0	0	0	2.81	0.95

表4 籽粒破碎率Zs及未脱净率Sw方差的变化

Tab.4 Changes of variance of grain crushing rate Zs and unstripped rate Sw

方差来源 Source of variation	籽粒破碎率Z_s Grain breakage rate Z_s (%)		未脱净率S_w Unstripped rate S_w (%)
方差来源 Source of variation	F值 F-value	P	F值 F-value	P
回归模型Regression model	39.33	<0.000 1^**	35.20	<0.000 1^**
A	129.42	<0.000 1^**	90.40	<0.000 1^**
B	33.01	0.000 7^**	45.99	0.000 3^**
C	112.99	<0.000 1^**	32.00	0.000 8^**
AB	0.279 0	0.613 7	20.52	0.002 7^**
AC	6.14	0.042 3^*	0.522 6	0.493 2
BC	12.49	0.009 5^**	9.81	0.016 5^*
A²	25.73	0.001 4^**	22.91	0.002 0^**
B²	9.96	0.016 0^*	78.16	<0.000 1^**
C²	17.97	0.003 8^**	7.08	0.032 5^*
失拟项 Loss of quasi item	4.43	0.092 2	1.48	0.347 4

图15 籽粒破碎率响应曲面

Fig.15 Grain breakage rate response surface

图16 未脱净率响应曲面

Fig.16 Unstripped rate response surface

表5 参数优化后试验结果

Tab.5 Experimental results after parameter optimization

序号 Number	籽粒破碎率Z_s Grain breakage rate Z_s (%)	未脱净率S_w Unstripped rate S_w (%)
1	2.69	1.01
2	2.74	1.03
3	2.76	1.08
均值 Mean value	2.73	1.04

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玉米籽粒收获机喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of combined threshing and separating device for corn grain harvester

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