甜瓜不同生长阶段5种重金属在植株中富集分配的变化及关联分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.013

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 892-899.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.013

• 农产品分析检测·土壤肥料·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

甜瓜不同生长阶段5种重金属在植株中富集分配的变化及关联分析

马凌¹^,²^,³(), 沈琦²^,³^,⁴, 康琪²^,³^,⁴, 张忠祥²^,³^,⁴, 贾宏涛¹(), 王成³^,⁵()

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,乌鲁木齐 830091
5.新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-08-07 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-31
通信作者: 贾宏涛(1975-),男,陕西人,教授,博士,研究方向为土壤质量与环境安全,(E-mail)jht@xjau.edu.cn；
王成(1971-),男,陕西人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农产品质量安全,(E-mail)wangchengxj321@sina.com
作者简介:马凌(1993-),男,四川人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤学,(E-mail)519878568@qq.com
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系;新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02006-1);新疆维吾尔自治区现代农业产业技术体系(西甜瓜)

Change and association analysis of five heavy metals in melon plants at different growth stages

MA Ling¹^,²^,³(), SHEN Qi²^,³^,⁴, KANG Qi²^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Zhongxiang²^,³^,⁴, JIA Hongtao¹(), WANG Cheng³^,⁵()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China
4. College of Food Sciences and Pharmacy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
5. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-08-07 Published:2024-04-20 Online:2024-05-31
Correspondence author: JIA Hongtao (1975-), male, from Shaanxi, professor, Ph.D, research direction: soil quality and environmental safety, (E-mail)jht@xjau.edu.cn；
WANG Cheng (1971-), male, from Shaanxi, researcher, Ph.D, research direction: safety and quality of agricultural products, (E-mail)wangchengxj321@sina.com
Supported by:
The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A02006-1);Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Melon & Watermelon)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究甜瓜不同生长阶段5种重金属在植株中富集分配的变化及其关联性。【方法】于2020年6月26日至7月25日,每间隔4 d分别采集甜瓜根、茎、叶、果实及对应根际土壤样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样品中铜Cu、镉Cd、砷As、铬Cr和镍Ni 5种重金属含量,定量分析植株各部位5种重金属富集系数所占百分比,研究不同生长阶段5种重金属在甜瓜植株中富集分布及其关联性。【结果】6月26日至7月25日,甜瓜植株Cr、Ni、As的富集分配为根>叶>茎>果实;6月26日至7月25日Cu与6月26日至7月16日Cd的富集分配为叶>根>茎>果实;7月16日至7月25日,甜瓜植株Cd富集分配为根>茎>叶>果实;随时间延长,甜瓜果实中Cr、As、Cd富集系数所占比例整体呈先升高后降低的趋势,Ni和Cu富集系数所占比例整体呈降低趋势;当甜瓜果实Cr、As、Cu、Ni富集分配增加时,植株根中该4种重金属的富集分配有降低趋势,叶中Cr、As、Ni的富集分配有升高趋势,Cd和Cu有降低趋势。【结论】5种重金属在甜瓜植株中的分配、富集占比变化、关联部位因重金属种类的不同而有所差异。

关键词: 甜瓜; 重金属; 富集分布; 关联性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To determine the enrichment and distribution of five heavy metals in melon plants. 【Methods】 From June 26 to July 25, ICP-MS was used to determine Cu, Cd, As, Cd, Cr and Ni analyzed the distribution of five heavy metals in different growth stages. Furthermore, through the percentage of the enrichment coefficient of five heavy metals in each plant, the change and the correlation of five heavy metals in melon plants were explored.【Results】 From June 26 to July 25, The enrichment assignments of Cr, Ni and As were distributed by root> leaf> stem> stem> fruit; In contrast, the enrichment of Cu from 26 June to 25 and Cd from 26 June to July 16 was assigned leaf> root> stem> fruit; with the extension of time, the proportion of Cr, As, and Cd increased first and then decreased and the proportion of Ni and Cu showed a downwards trend. When the enrichment allocation of fruit Cr, As, Cu and Ni increased, the enrichment allocation of these four heavy metals in the roots tended to decrease, while the enrichment allocation of Cr, As and Ni in the leaves increased. Meanwhile, there was a decreasing trend in the Cd and Cu. 【Conclusion】 The above results show that the distribution, enrichment proportion of the five kinds of heavy metals in melon plants and the related sites is different according to the different types of heavy metals.

Key words: melon; heavy metal; enrichment distribution; association analysis

中图分类号:

S652

马凌, 沈琦, 康琪, 张忠祥, 贾宏涛, 王成. 甜瓜不同生长阶段5种重金属在植株中富集分配的变化及关联分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 892-899.

MA Ling, SHEN Qi, KANG Qi, ZHANG Zhongxiang, JIA Hongtao, WANG Cheng. Change and association analysis of five heavy metals in melon plants at different growth stages[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 892-899.

图/表 8

表1 土壤和鸡粪有机肥中5种重金属含量

Tab.1 Content of 5 heavy metals in soil and soil manure

项目 Items	重金属含量 Heavy metal content
项目 Items	铬Cr (mg/kg)	镍Ni (mg/kg)	铜Cu (mg/kg)	砷As (mg/kg)	镉Cd (mg/kg)
土壤 Soil	51.687	30.305	36.736	13.025	0.287
鸡粪 Chicken dung	14.123	23.450	28.819	4.047	0.254

表2 样品消解升温顺序

Tab.2 Sample digestion heating sequence

步骤 Steps	控制温度 Controlled temperature (℃)	升温时间 Heating-up time (min)	恒温时间 Constant temperature time(min)
1	120	5	5
2	150	5	10
3	190	5	20

表3 电感耦合等离子体质谱仪操作参考条件

Tab.3 Operational reference conditions of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer

参数名称 Parameter name	参数 Parameter	参数名称 Parameter name	参数 Parameter
射频功率Radio-frequency power	1 500 W	雾化器	高盐/同心雾化器
等离子体气流量Plasma body gas flow rate	15 L/min	采样锥/截取锥	镍/铂锥
载气流量Gas flow	0.80 L/min	采样深度	8 mm ~ 10 mm
辅助气流量Auxiliary gas flow	0.40 L/min	采集模式	跳峰
氦气流量Helium flow	4~ 5 mL/min	检测方式	自动
雾化室温度Fog chamber temperature	2 ℃	每峰测定点数	1 ~ 3
样品提升速率Sample lift rate	0.3 r/s	重复次数	2 ~ 3

图1 甜瓜植株各部位Cr富集系数百分比

Fig.1 Percentage of Cr enrichment coefficient in different parts of melon plant

图2 甜瓜植株各部位Ni富集系数百分比

Fig.2 Percentage of Ni enrichment coefficient in different parts of melon plant

图3 甜瓜植株各部位Cu富集系数百分比

Fig.3 Percentage of Cu enrichment coefficient in different parts of melon plant

图4 甜瓜植株各部位As富集系数百分比

Fig.4 Percentage of As enrichment coefficient in different parts of melon plant

图5 甜瓜植株各部位Cd富集系数百分比

Fig.5 Percentage of Cd enrichment coefficient in different parts of melon plant

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甜瓜不同生长阶段5种重金属在植株中富集分配的变化及关联分析

Change and association analysis of five heavy metals in melon plants at different growth stages

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