新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.014

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1413-1422.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.014

• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响

王文涛¹(), 吴博¹(), 邰红忠¹, 练文明¹, 戴翠荣¹, 李双江², 蒲艳梅¹

1.新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2022-10-17 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 吴博(1988-),男,河南人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail)wubowubo@sina.cn
作者简介:王文涛(1986-),男,河南人,助理研究员,研究方向为棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail)594485424@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-52);新疆生产建设兵团第一师科技项目“优质、高产、抗病早中熟机采棉新品种培育及示范应用”(2020NY01)

Effects of different sowing dates on cotton growth in aral reclamation area, Xinjiang

WANG Wentao¹(), WU Bo¹(), TAI Hongzhong¹, LIAN Wenming¹, DAI Cuirong¹, LI Shuangjiang², PU Yanmei¹

1. Institution of Agricultural Science and Technology, Agricultural Production Division 1, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2022-10-17 Published:2023-06-20 Online:2023-06-20
Supported by:
Supported Agricultural System(CARS-15-52);Science and Technology Project of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Cultivation and Demonstration Application of New Varieties of Cotton with High Quality, High Yield, Disease Resistance, Early and Medium Maturity”(2020NY01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同播期对棉花生长影响,分析阿拉尔垦区适期早播与晚播对棉花生长造成的差异,为垦区棉花品种选择、促早栽培提供数据支持和理论依据。【方法】选用陆地棉品种J206-5,选择4月14日、4月17日、4月20日、4月23日、4月26日5个播种时间,研究播期对棉花出苗、棉苗生长、生育期、农艺性状、产量性状、干物质量及纤维品质的影响。【结果】随播期推迟,棉花出苗率增加,出苗时间缩短,苗期株高、主根长、节位、茎粗、各器官干物质量减少,生育进程减缓,生育期延长,产量降低,生殖器官进入快速积累期的时间提前,快速积累期缩短,马克隆值和成熟度下降。【结论】在阿拉尔垦区,适宜播期为4月上中旬,不宜超过4月20日;3 d膜下5 cm日平均地温≥12℃可作为棉花播种的适宜温度指标,在此条件下早播的棉花生长优势明显,易于形成产量,提高棉花纤维品质,宜采用中熟品种,晚播宜采用熟性较早的品种。

关键词: 棉花; 播期; 温度; 出苗率; 棉苗生长; 产量; 纤维品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the differences between appropriately early-sowed and late sowing on cotton growth in Aral Reclamation area through the study of the effects of diffeent sowing dates on cotton growth in the hope of providing data support and theoretical basis for cotton variety selection and promoting early cultivation in Aral Reclamation Area. 【Methods】 In this project, J206-5 was taken as the material,five sowing dates were selected: April 14, April 17, April 20, April 23 and April 26, to study the effects of sowing date on emergence rate, seedling growth, growth duration, agronomic traits, yield characters, dry matter quality and fiber characteristics of cotton. 【Results】 With the delay of sowing date, the emergence rate of cotton was increased and the emergence time shortened, and the plant height, taproot length, node, stem diameter and dry matter quality of various organs were decreased, the growth process was slowed, the growth period was prolonged, the yield was decreased, the time of the reproductive organs to enter the rapid accumulation period was advanced, the rapid accumulation period was shortened, and the Micronaire value and maturity were decreased. 【Conclusion】 In Aral Reclamation Area, the suitable sowing date is in early and middle of April, earlier than April 20. The daily average ground temperature of 5 cm under film for 3 days ≥ 12 ℃ can be used as the appropriate temperature index for cotton sowing. Under these conditions, the early sowing cotton has obvious growth advantages, which is beneficial to formation of yield and improvement of fiber quality. Medium mature varieties should be selected for early sowing and early maturity varieties should be used for late sowing.

Key words: cotton; sowing date; temperature; emergence rate; seedling growth; yield; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

王文涛, 吴博, 邰红忠, 练文明, 戴翠荣, 李双江, 蒲艳梅. 新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1413-1422.

WANG Wentao, WU Bo, TAI Hongzhong, LIAN Wenming, DAI Cuirong, LI Shuangjiang, PU Yanmei. Effects of different sowing dates on cotton growth in aral reclamation area, Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1413-1422.

图/表 11

参考文献 25

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处理 Treatm- ents	出苗期 Emergence date (M/D)	出苗天数 Duration (d)	日均温度^① Daily average temperature(℃)	有效积温^② Accumulation temperature(℃)	出苗速率 Emergence speed (%)	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)
T₁	4/26	12.0^a	19.9	95.2	8.3	84.9^c
T₂	4/27	10.3^b	20.5	88.1	9.7	86.1^c
T₃	4/29	9.3^c	20.9	83.4	10.7	88.9^bc
T₄	5/1	8.7^cd	23.0	95.8	11.5	91.7^ab
T₅	5/4	8^d	24.0	95.6	12.5	94.4^a
相关系数 Correla- tion coeffi- cient	出苗天数
	日均温度^①	-0.901 1^*
	有效积温^②	-0.061 1	0.483 5
	出苗速率	-0.992 9^**	0.938 5^*	0.151 7
	出苗率	-0.943 7^*	0.978 6^**	0.334 7	0.974 2^**

处理 Treatm- ents	出苗期 Emergence date (M/D)	出苗天数 Duration (d)	日均温度^① Daily average temperature(℃)	有效积温^② Accumulation temperature(℃)	出苗速率 Emergence speed (%)	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)
T₁	4/26	12.0^a	19.9	95.2	8.3	84.9^c
T₂	4/27	10.3^b	20.5	88.1	9.7	86.1^c
T₃	4/29	9.3^c	20.9	83.4	10.7	88.9^bc
T₄	5/1	8.7^cd	23.0	95.8	11.5	91.7^ab
T₅	5/4	8^d	24.0	95.6	12.5	94.4^a
相关系数 Correla- tion coeffi- cient	出苗天数
	日均温度^①	-0.901 1^*
	有效积温^②	-0.061 1	0.483 5
	出苗速率	-0.992 9^**	0.938 5^*	0.151 7
	出苗率	-0.943 7^*	0.978 6^**	0.334 7	0.974 2^**

处理 Treatm- ents	时间 Time (M/D)			时长 Duration (d)				≥15℃有效积温 ≥15℃ Accumulation temperature (℃)				日均气温 Daily average temperature (℃)				平均温差 Daily average temperature difference (℃)
处理 Treatm- ents	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	0-3 0-3 leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	0-3 0-3 leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	0-3 0-3 leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf
T₁	5/4	5/8	5/12	8	4	4	16	47.5	17	15.5	80	20.9	19.3	18.9	20	17	14.3	16.8
T₂	5/6	5/10	5/14	8.7	4.7	3.7	17	47.8	14.2	33.8	95.8	20.5	17.9	23.7	20.5	17.2	14	19.7
T₃	5/6	5/10	5/14	7.3	4	3.7	15.2	40.3	11.5	27.8	79.7	20.5	17.9	22.3	20	16.8	12.8	22.8
T₄	5/8	5/14	5/18	7	5.7	4	16.7	31.8	37	14.3	83.2	19.6	21.6	18.6	20	14.9	18	11.7
T₅	5/11	5/16	5/22	7.3	4.7	6	18	27.8	36.7	11	75.5	18.7	22.9	16.8	19.2	15	16	12.5

处理 Treatm- ents	时间 Time (M/D)			时长 Duration (d)				≥15℃有效积温 ≥15℃ Accumulation temperature (℃)				日均气温 Daily average temperature (℃)				平均温差 Daily average temperature difference (℃)
处理 Treatm- ents	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	0-3 0-3 leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	0-3 0-3 leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf	0-3 0-3 leaf	1叶 1st leaf	2叶 2nd leaf	3叶 3rd leaf
T₁	5/4	5/8	5/12	8	4	4	16	47.5	17	15.5	80	20.9	19.3	18.9	20	17	14.3	16.8
T₂	5/6	5/10	5/14	8.7	4.7	3.7	17	47.8	14.2	33.8	95.8	20.5	17.9	23.7	20.5	17.2	14	19.7
T₃	5/6	5/10	5/14	7.3	4	3.7	15.2	40.3	11.5	27.8	79.7	20.5	17.9	22.3	20	16.8	12.8	22.8
T₄	5/8	5/14	5/18	7	5.7	4	16.7	31.8	37	14.3	83.2	19.6	21.6	18.6	20	14.9	18	11.7
T₅	5/11	5/16	5/22	7.3	4.7	6	18	27.8	36.7	11	75.5	18.7	22.9	16.8	19.2	15	16	12.5

指标 Item		株高 Plant height	主根长 Taproot length	节位 Node position	茎粗 Stem diameter	干物质量 Dry matter quality			根冠比 Root shoot ratio
指标 Item		株高 Plant height	主根长 Taproot length	节位 Node position	茎粗 Stem diameter	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaves	根冠比 Root shoot ratio
主根长 Taproot length		0.13
节位 Node position		0.62^*	0.27
茎粗 Stem diameter		0.65^**	0.39	0.77^**
干物质量 Dry matter quality	根 Root	0.64^**	0.36	0.83^**	0.78^**
	茎 Stem	0.63^**	0.31	0.90^**	0.72^**	0.86^**
	叶 Leaves	0.71^**	0.4	0.58^*	0.61^*	0.83^**	0.77^**
根冠比 Root shoot ratio		-0.24	-0.25	0.04	-0.01	-0.16	-0.3	-0.65^**
有效积温 Accumulation temperature		0.62^*	0.49	0.67^**	0.63^**	0.76^**	0.88^**	0.86^**	-0.59^*

新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响

Effects of different sowing dates on cotton growth in aral reclamation area, Xinjiang

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处理 Treat- ments	出苗-现蕾 Emergence-Squaring			现蕾-开花 Squaring-Flowering			开花-吐絮 Flowering-Boll opening			生育期 Growth duration (d)
处理 Treat- ments	Date (M/D)	Duration (d)	≥19℃ Accumulation temperature (℃)	Date (M/D)	Duration (d)	≥20℃ Accumulation temperature (℃)	Date (M/D)	Duration (d)	≥20℃ Accumulation temperature (℃)	生育期 Growth duration (d)
T₁	5/26	30.7^c	39	6/25	29.7a	102.2	9/6	73.3^a	365.7	133.7^c
T₂	6/1	35.3^b	52.3	6/28	27.0^a	100.2	9/8	72.0^ab	357.3	134.3^bc
T₃	6/3	35.3^b	57.7	7/3	29.7^a	114.8	9/12	70.7^b	341.5	135.7^abc
T₄	6/7	37.0^b	71.7	7/6	29.0^a	114.3	9/16	71.3^ab	328.2	137.3^ab
T₅	6/12	39.7^a	88.7	7/9	26.7^a	115.8	9/19	72.0^ab	309.8	138.3^a

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶龄 Leaf age	第一果枝节位 First fruit branch node	第一果枝节位高度 Height of the first fruit branch node	果枝台数 Fruit branches number per plant	大铃数 Big-boll number per plant	小铃数 Small-boll number per plant	叶枝铃数 Leafy branch bolls number per plant
T₁	92.7^a	15.3^a	5.2^b	17.5^b	10.6^a	10.4^a	0.8^a	1.4^a
T₂	88.6^ab	14.7^ab	6.1^ab	24.3^a	8.7^b	9.7^ab	1.1^a	1.3^a
T₃	89.3^ab	14.1^b	5.8^ab	23.3^ab	8.7^b	9.3^ab	1.1^a	1.2^a
T₄	88.2^ab	14.2^b	6.6^a	24.4^a	8.3^bc	8.7^ab	1.7^a	1.4^a
T₅	85.2^b	13.2^c	6.7^a	28.8^a	7.1^c	8.4^b	1.4^a	0.9^a

处理 Treatments	株数 Plant number (10⁵ plants/hm²)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	吐絮率 Boll opening percentage (%)	烂铃率 Rate of rotted boll (%)
T₁	1.85^a	7 280^a	5.6^a	42.1^a	7.4^a	99.0^c	1.5^a
T₂	1.92^a	7 245^a	5.5^a	42.2^a	6.9^ab	98.3^c	1.5^a
T₃	2.01^a	6 985^a	5.6^a	40.8^b	6.6^ab	96.8^bc	1.8^a
T₄	2.10^a	6 240^ab	5.6^a	40.5^bc	5.7^bc	95.0^b	1.8^a
T₅	2.11^a	5 475^b	5.6a	39.9^c	4.9^c	91.3^a	2.1^a

处理 Treatments	方程 Equation	t₀ (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	△t (d)	Vm (g/d)	GT (g)	R²
T₁	Y=86.224 1/(1+e⁽¹³^.^{181 3-0}^.^{104 279}^t⁾ )	126.38	113.75	139.01	25.25	2.25	56.78	0.992
T₂	Y=78.851 7/ (1+e⁽¹³^.^{698 7-0}^.^{112 301}^t⁾ )	121.98	110.26	133.71	23.45	2.21	51.92	0.974 5
T₃	Y=72.597 2/ (1+e⁽¹⁴^.^{327 5-0}^.^{123 579}^t⁾ )	115.92	105.26	126.57	21.31	2.24	47.80	0.963 8
T₄	Y=67.419 1/ (1+e⁽¹⁵^.^{328 4-0}^.^{136 954}^t⁾ )	111.89	102.27	121.50	19.23	2.31	44.39	0.968
T₅	Y=64.704 6/ (1+e⁽¹⁴^.^{435 6-0}^.^{129 214}^t⁾ )	111.73	101.54	121.92	20.39	2.09	42.61	0.993 5

处理 Treatments	上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length (mm)	断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	成熟度 Maturity (%)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂伸长率 Breaking elongation (%)
T₁	31.16^a	29.01^a	4.29^a	86.07^a	84.74^a	6.73^a
T₂	31.24^a	28.78^a	4.06^ab	85.57^ab	84.54^a	6.32^a
T₃	31.88^a	28.49^a	4.08^ab	85.9^ab	83.90^a	6.41^a
T₄	31.38^a	29.20^a	4.03^ab	85.34^b	83.93^a	6.27^a
T₅	31.21^a	28.53^a	3.80^b	83.51^c	84.88^a	6.32^a

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