生物炭输入对土壤有机碳和玉米生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究生物炭输入对土壤有机碳和玉米生长的影响。【方法】以无外源碳输入处理为对照(CK),研究不同外源碳(秸秆及其生物炭)等碳量输入条件下(秸秆1%-Str1.0、秸秆3%-Str3.0、秸秆10%-Str10.0;生物炭0.8%-BC0.8、生物炭2.4%-BC2.4、生物炭8.0%-BC8.0),对土壤含水率、土壤有机碳含量、玉米叶绿素度、净光合速率及产量的影响规律。【结果】较CK处理,输入生物炭显著增加了玉米抽叶期、拔节期、开花期、成熟期的土壤含水率,增幅分别为0.38%3.64%、1.57%15.57%、0.37%3.88%,差异性显著(P<0.05);生物炭输入后,玉米不同生育期土壤有机碳含量增加了72.21%99.45%,而秸秆碳输入,则使得玉米不同生育期土壤有机碳含量分别增加了30.78%41.38%;生物炭输入对玉米叶绿素度(SPAD)在开花期和成熟期分别较CK处理提高13.33%、0.07%。玉米不同生育期净光合速率相较CK处理提高了15.99%29.11%,且以开花期的增幅最大。生物炭少量和适量输入(BC0.8和BC2.4)条件下,玉米产量较CK处理分别提高15.71%和18.80%。【结论】向土壤中输入生物炭BC0.8和Str10.0可以有效的培肥土壤,促进玉米生长和提高产量。

关键词: 生物炭; 秸秆; 土壤有机碳; 玉米; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on its abundant micro-pore structure, specific surface area and aromatic functional group, Biochar can effectively increase the stability of soil organic carbon and improve soil quality.【Methods】 In this study, no exogenous carbon input was used as control (CK), the effects of different exogenous carbon input (straw 1%-Str1.0, straw 3%-Str3.0, straw10%-Str10.0, bio-carbon 0.8%-BC0.8, bio-carbon 2.4%-BC2.42, bio-carbon 8.0%-BC8.0) on soil water content, soil organic carbon content, maize chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and yield were studied.【Results】 The results showed that compared with CK treatment, biochar input significantly increased the soil moisture content at the stage of leaf-pulling, jointing, flowering and ripening of maize by 0.38%-3.64%,1.57%-15.57%, 0.37%-3.88%, respectively (P<0.05) ; After biochar input, soil organic carbon increased by 72.21%-99.45% in different growth stages of maize, while straw input increased soil organic carbon by 30.78%-41.38% in different growth stages of maize and the effects of biochar on the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of maize were increased by 13.33% and 0.07% at flowering stage and maturity stage, respectively.Compared with CK treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of maize at different growth stages increased by 15.99%-29.11% under biochar input, and the biggest increase was at flowering stage.Compared with CK treatment, corn yield was increased by 15.71% and 18.80% under the condition of biochar (BC0.8 and BC2.4).【Conclusion】 The biochar BC0.8 and Str10.0 could effectively fertilize soil, promote corn growth and increase yield.

Key words: biomass carbon; straw; soil organic matter; corn; yield

中图分类号:

S156.2S156.92

汪振国, 马媛媛, 王西娜, 刘少泉, 古超峰, 姬强. 生物炭输入对土壤有机碳和玉米生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 818-826.

WANG Zhenguo, MA Yuanyuan, WANG Xina, LIU Shaoquan, GU Chaofeng, JI Qiang. Effects of Biochar Input on Soil Organic Carbon and Maize Growth[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 818-826.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatments	抽叶期 Leaf development	拔节期 Stem elongation	开花期 Flowering	成熟期 Ripening
BC0.8	13.99±0.94 ^deC	12.27±0.96^dD	15.03±0.28^bcB	19.61±0.59^cdA
BC2.4	14.46±1.34^cdB	12.65±0.84^dD	13.47±1.14^cdC	22.70±0.54^bA
BC8.0	17.24±1.24^bC	25.81±2.58^bA	14.78±1.75^cdD	23.12±0.91^bcB
Str1.0	15.06±0.69 ^bcC	11.88±1.14^deD	15.24±0.47^bB	22.33±1.61^bcA
Str3.0	15.76±0.62^bcB	14.54±2.32^cC	13.38±0.15^eD	19.35±0.48^cdA
Str10.0	29.87±1.22^aB	31.36±0.74^aC	19.74±0.59 ^aD	34.90±0.76^aA
CK	13.61±0.36^deC	10.70±1.41^efD	15.28±0.22^bcB	19.24±0.42^deA

处理 Treatments	抽叶期 Leaf development	拔节期 Stem elongation	开花期 Flowering	成熟期 Ripening
BC0.8	13.99±0.94 ^deC	12.27±0.96^dD	15.03±0.28^bcB	19.61±0.59^cdA
BC2.4	14.46±1.34^cdB	12.65±0.84^dD	13.47±1.14^cdC	22.70±0.54^bA
BC8.0	17.24±1.24^bC	25.81±2.58^bA	14.78±1.75^cdD	23.12±0.91^bcB
Str1.0	15.06±0.69 ^bcC	11.88±1.14^deD	15.24±0.47^bB	22.33±1.61^bcA
Str3.0	15.76±0.62^bcB	14.54±2.32^cC	13.38±0.15^eD	19.35±0.48^cdA
Str10.0	29.87±1.22^aB	31.36±0.74^aC	19.74±0.59 ^aD	34.90±0.76^aA
CK	13.61±0.36^deC	10.70±1.41^efD	15.28±0.22^bcB	19.24±0.42^deA

处理 Treatments	抽叶期 Leaf development	开花期 Flowering	成熟期 Fuit development stage
BC0.8	42.63±2.34^cA	35.47±2.63^efB	26.03±1.59^bcC
BC2.4	46.23±1.81^aA	36.73±2.40^cdB	25.70±1.65^cdC
BC8.0	44.20±1.04^bA	33.67±1.70^aB	25.37±1.01^eC
Str1.0	44.17±2.33^bc	35.57±1.40^de	27.23±1.67^b
Str3.0	44.27±2.66^bA	36.10±1.97^dB	24.20±1.59^efC
Str10.0	26.40±1.66^eC	45.80±1.91^aA	41.13±2.68^aAB
CK	44.23±2.19^cdA	38.87±0.32^bB	25.50±1.65^deC

处理 Treatments	抽叶期 Leaf development	开花期 Flowering	成熟期 Fuit development stage
BC0.8	42.63±2.34^cA	35.47±2.63^efB	26.03±1.59^bcC
BC2.4	46.23±1.81^aA	36.73±2.40^cdB	25.70±1.65^cdC
BC8.0	44.20±1.04^bA	33.67±1.70^aB	25.37±1.01^eC
Str1.0	44.17±2.33^bc	35.57±1.40^de	27.23±1.67^b
Str3.0	44.27±2.66^bA	36.10±1.97^dB	24.20±1.59^efC
Str10.0	26.40±1.66^eC	45.80±1.91^aA	41.13±2.68^aAB
CK	44.23±2.19^cdA	38.87±0.32^bB	25.50±1.65^deC

处理 Treatments	抽叶期 Leaf development	开花期 Flowering	成熟期 Fuit development stage
BC0.8	12.43±1.28^bcC	32.65±0.95^bcA	27.40±0.56^cdB
BC2.4	14.60±0.56^aC	36.40±0.73^aA	31.73±0.62^bB
BC8.0	14.03±0.28^abC	34.68±0.48^bA	33.83±0.25^aB
Str1.0	12.23±0.38^cdC	29.28±0.87^cdB	30.25±0.37^bcA
Str3.0	10.90±0.16^fC	26.75±0.49^deB	29.38±0.64^bcA
Str10.0	11.33±0.42^efC	17.93±0.59^gB	21.90±0.68^fA
CK	11.80±0.14^deC	22.53±0.64^fB	24.00±0.66^deA