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20 March 2019, Volume 56 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of Endophytic Fungus AW57 from Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) JIANG Rui-juan, HE Quan, ZHU Jun, SHI Shubing, LI Xiao-jing 2019, 56(3): 393-402.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (18011KB) ( )   Objective The effects of endophytic fungus AW57 from Xinjiang Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen on the germination and seedling growth of wheat were studied, and endophytic strains with practical value were explored.Method The endophytic fungi AW57 and Xinchun No.31 wheat seeds were used as testing materials. The germination rate and germination potential of wheat seeds and the root length, root number, seedling height and seedling fresh weight were treated with different concentrations of bacterial liquid soaking and watering treatment. The relevant indicators such as fresh weight and dry weight of the seedlings were measured and analyzed. Result Soaking seeds and spraying different concentrations of AW57 liquid all promoted the growth and development of wheat. The effect of spraying 20% concentration of bacteria liquid on wheat grow was the best effect, the germination rate was as high as 89.67%, and the seedling fresh and dry weight were 54.41% and 45.45% higher than those of the control, respectively. 54.41% and 45.45% had significant effects on plant height, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter, but had no significant effect on root number, but significant on root length. The effect of spraying 20% concentration of bacteria solution on wheat growth was the best, the germination rate was as high as 89.67%, the seedling fresh and dry weight were 54.41% and 45.45% higher than those of the control, respectively. The effects on plant height, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter were significant, but the effect on root number was not significant, but on root length was significant.Conclusion The suitable concentration of AW57 is beneficial to wheat growth and can be used as a wheat growth regulator.

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Identification of Salt Tolerance of Photosynthesis and Physiochemical Indexes of Gossypium hirsutum LIU Na, QU Yan-ying, GAO Wen-wei, HUANG Ya-jie, YANG Tao, ZHANG Ru, AN Qiu-shuang 2019, 56(3): 403-410.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1173KB) ( )   Objective To explore the effects of salt stress on photosynthesis and physiochemical indexes of Gossypium hirsutum during the boll period, and to establish a comprehensive score (D value) formula, which might provide reference for rapid screening and identification of cotton salt tolerance.Method The whole experiment was designed in a randomized block mode. The two treatments were salt stress and control, and repeated twice. The other test sites were natural saline-alkali soils. The salt content was 40 cm according to the five-point sampling method of each block. At the soil sample, the total salt content of treatment 1 (salt stress) was 19 g/kg, and the total salt content of treatment 2 (control) was 4 g/kg. The effects of natural salt stress on the physiology and yield of gossypium hirsutum were studied.Results The results showed that the photosynthesis index decreased significantly under salt stress, but different physiological and biochemical indexes had different responses and their correlations were complex. The higher the photosynthesis and POD activity under salt stress were, the more salt tolerant cotton varieties were. The lower the MDA content, the higher the salt tolerance. The membership function method and principal component analysis method were used to establish the formula D=0.49F1+0.16F2+0.13F3+0.12F4+0.1F5.Conclusion The comprehensive salt tolerance formula can be used to screen salt tolerant materials and used as a reference for rapid screening and identification of salt tolerance in cotton.

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Effects of Different Exogenous Substances on Biomass, Yield and Quality of Chemically Capped Cotton Alimujiang Kelaimu, ZHAO Qiang, ZHAN Dong-xia, Nuermanguli Batuer, CUI Yan-nan, LOU Shan-wei 2019, 56(3): 411-421.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1507KB) ( )   Objective The effects of spraying different exogenous substances on chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, yield formation and fiber quality of chemically capped cotton were studied by field experiments in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing chemical capping technology and promoting high quality cotton production. Methods The cotton variety Xinluzao 72 was used as the test material. During the full bloom period (July 17th), 8 different exogenous substances were sprayed: T1, 0.4 mmol/L 6-BA; T2, 35 mmol/L octanoic acid. Methyl ester; T3, 30 g/hm2 acid-regulating calcium; T4, 35 mmol/L methyl citrate; T5, 0.24 mmol/L sodium nitrophenolate; T6, 0.056 mmol/L DA-6; T7, 0.096 mmol/L NAA; T8, 0.01 mmol/L triacontanol; CK, clear water. The dry matter weight of each representative cotton plant was measured at 0 d, 14 d, 28 d and 42 d after spraying. The effect of chlorophyll content on the four leaves of cotton was determined at 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d after spraying Results The results showed that 8 kinds of exogenous substances had certain effects on improving cotton chlorophyll content, biomass, yield and quality. Methyl octanoate (T2), sodium naphthalene acetate (T7) and sodium nitrophenolate (T5) were adjusted. Calcium acid (T3) could increase chlorophyll content, increase biomass accumulation, increase seed cotton yield, and improve quality. Among them, methyl octanoate (T2) and CK could significantly increase chlorophyll content by more than 10%, which was beneficial to biomass accumulation and distribution. The number of bolls per plant was increased by 9.15% and the yield of seed cotton was increased by 25.50%. The overall effect of increasing fiber length, uniformity, specific strength and elongation was the best. Conclusions Spraying different exogenous substances on the foliage during the full bloom period can effectively increase the chlorophyll content, the number of bolls, increase the boll weight and the length of the fiber, and the growth effect is obvious. Methyl octanoate can significantly increase chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and increase single boll weight and seed cotton yield, followed by sodium naphthaleneacetate, sodium nitrophenolate, calcium cyclamate, and 6-BA.

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Effects of Different Drought Stress on Growth, Development and Yield of Peanut Variety Huayu 36 SHI Bi-xian, LIN Ming, GU Yuan-guo, JIA Dong-hai, HOU Xian-fei, SU Jun-hong, YU Bo-cheng, LI Qiang 2019, 56(3): 422-429.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1209KB) ( )   Objective To study growth and development law of peanut under different drought stresses in special ecological conditions in Xinjiang,and clarify the sensitivity of peanut to drought stress at different growth stages in the hope providing scientific basis for scientific and rational irrigation and increasing yield of peanut production in Xinjiang.Method Peanut variety Huayu 36 was used as test material, and drought stress was conducted by artificial water control. Three drought treatments were set: flowering stage drought, podding stage drought and the whole growth period drought, and with normal irrigation as the control the changes of agronomic traits and final yield in different growth stages under different treatments were investigated.Result The results showed that drought stress affected the growth stages of peanut, long term drought will shorten the growth period of peanut. After drought stress at different growth stages, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight of peanut decreased to varying degrees. With the extension of drought time, the reducing amplitude became larger. At podding stage, drought stress had relatively small influence on peanut plant height. The effects of flowering stage drought on plant growth and yield were significant. The effect of drought stress on the final yield was not only related to the decrease of effective fruit number, but also related to the 100- pod weight. The combination of the two factors together decreased the peanut yield.Conclusion Different degrees of drought stress caused different effects on peanut growth process, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight. The effects of flowering stage drought on the growth and yield of peanut were relatively large, peanut is sensitive to soil water shortage during this period and is easy to limit the production formation.

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Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Endogenous Hormone Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Jun-jujube ZHENG Qiang-qing, CHEN Qi-ling, WANG Jing-jing, ZHI Jin-hu 2019, 56(3): 430-437.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (2041KB) ( )   Objective To study changes in the relationship of hormone metabolism and their effects on fruit quality during fruit development by applying exogenous plant growth regulators and screen compound plant growth regulators that can improve fruit quality in the hope of providing technical basis for the sustainable development of jujube industry in Xinjiang.Method Three formulations were made from hypersensitive protein, spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 to investigate and analyze the effects of spraying on endogenous hormone content, yield and fruit quality during leaf and fruit development of 6-year-old jun jujube.Result The application of exogenous spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 compound reagent significantly enhanced the supply capacity of the source leaves and slowed the growth rate of the fruit. In the first rapid growth period of Jujube fruit, the ratio of IAA between the sink and fruit increased by 183.0%, the weight and yield of single fruit increased by 27.69% and 25.18% than those of CK, respectively. The combination of hypersensitive protein or salicylic acid with spermidine and DA-6 significantly increased the content of ZR in the leaves of Jujube from white maturity to maturity, and the ratio of leaf to fruit of ZR was maintained at a high level above 1.37. 30 mg/L DA-6 was one of the core substances to improve the nutrient supply capacity of leaves on junjube in the later stage. Conclusion Spraying 0.25 mmol/L salicylic acid with 0.1 mol/Lspermidine+30 mg/L DA-6 after fruit setting in jujube could solve the problem of fast growth in early stage and insufficient accumulation of dry matter, unfullness of fruit and resistance deficiency in later stage because leaves could not provide sufficient nutrition for fruit in late stage on jun jujube.

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Safety Evaluation of Different Application Rates of Desulfurization Gypsum on Saline-alkali Land Improvement JIANG Tong - xuan, CHENG Hong, ZHANG Yu - long, SUN Lu - peng, YANG Tao, WU Gang, MA Rui, ZHANG Feng - hua 2019, 56(3): 438-445.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1204KB) ( )   Objective Based on the saline-alkali soil in the Manas Basin of Xinjiang, this project aims to carry out safety evaluation of applying desulphurized gypsum to improve saline soil. Method The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant organs was analyzed by four treatments: 0 t/667 m2 (CK), 1 t/667 m2 (1T), 3 t/667 m2 (3T), 5 t/667 m2 (5T). Result The results showed that the soil pH decreased significantly after application of desulfurization gypsum, and the 1T, 3T and 5T treatments decreased by 20.4%, 20.8% and 21.3%, respectively, while soil conductivity and salinity increased. The contents of As, Cr and Cd in the soil increased with the increase of the application amount of desulfurization gypsum, but the content of several metals in each treated soil accorded with the soil environmental quality standard. The contents of As, Cd and Pb in the organs of rapeseed were from root to leaf and stem, and the contents of heavy metals were also in line with national standards. Conclusion Among them, the treatment of 3T has low investment in improving saline-alkali soil, quick effect, and has no adverse effect on the environment, so it is suitable for popularization and application.

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The community diversity of butterflies in Huocheng County, Xinjiang GUO Jie, WU Wei, JIANG Ling-ling, HU Hong-ying 2019, 56(3): 446-456.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1223KB) ( )   Objective In order to explore species diversity of butterfly in five different habitats from Huocheng County .Method Butterfly monitoring was conducted with the line transect method from May to August in 2016 and 2017,and the diversity, evenness and dominance of the community on the levels of family, genus and species were studied by the method of α-diversity.Result The number of 1993 individuals were recorded, which belongs to 7 families, 29 genera and 39 species. Pieridae was the dominant family, which accounts for 54.9%; Parnassiidae、Papilionidae and Hesperiidae were regarded as the rare species. The species richness and quantity of the butterflies are different in different seasons, which reached their peaks in June and July. The diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in different habitats were compared, the diversity indices of butterfly in the typica habitats ranked in descending order of mountain forest > mountain steppe > cropland > subalpine meadow > desert. The largest similarity coefficient of the five different habitats was found between the mountain steppe and subalpine meadow (0.458) , the least was between desert and subalpine meadow (0.2) .Conclusion Our results indicated that butterfly diversity was closely related to the habitat type. At the same time, the factors, including the composition of the plant community, the altitude, the degree of human disturbance and the temperature do have a great influence on the diversity of the butterfly community.

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Flora of Desert Seed Plants in the Northern and Southern Margin of Junggar Basin KONG Xiao-jing, AN Sha-zhou, LIU Hui-min 2019, 56(3): 457-464.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1107KB) ( )   Objective This project aims to study the characteristics of desert flora in the northern and southern margins of Junggar Basin and to reveal the family and genus composition, geographical composition, plant life form and ecotype of the flora in this area, it is expected that the economic and environmental development in arid areas will be coordinated and scientific basis for the protection of desert ecological environment and biodiversity will be provided.Method In the Junggar Basin, field surveys, collection of plant specimens, and organize related books were conducted. Taking Junggar Basin as an object, through field investigation, collection of plant specimens and arrangement of related data, the composition characteristics and floristic geographical components of desert plants in the northern and southern margin of Junggar Basin were analyzed.Result (1)The results showed that the germplasm resource in the studied areas were relatively abundant which included 679 seed plant species belonging to 46 families and 238 genera.(2)Sort by the number of species in the family that the dominant families were compositae, chenopodiaceae, leguminosae, cruciferae and gramineae.(3)The plant life forms were mainly herb, which accounted for 87.65%. (4)The geographic element of the flora was mainly temperate element, families and genera distributed accounted for 58.70%, 84.45% of the total families, respectively;(5)The plants in the southern margin and the northern margin had higher similarity, and the similar values of families, genera and species were 75%, 58.13% and 39.58%, respectively.Conclusion The distribution characteristics of plants in the northern and southern margin of Junggar Basin have high similarity, but there are also some differences.

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Sublethal Effects of Sulfoxaflor on the Development, Reproduction and Insecticidal Susceptibility of Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Miridae) XU Min, YANG Ni-na, XU Dong, CONG Shen-bo, CHEN Li-zhen, WAN Peng, LI Wen-jing 2019, 56(3): 465-471.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1112KB) ( )   Objective The mirid bug Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important insect pest of cotton. The present study aims to determine the sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on the development and reproduction of this insect and its susceptibility to other insecticides.Methods The life table method was used to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor on developmental duration, emergence rate, longevity and reproduction of A. suturalis. The cotton leaf dipping method was adopted to determine its susceptibility to other insecticides after sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor treatments.Results The developmental duration of A. suturalis treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of sulfoxaflor for 48 h was significantly increased by 2.35 d and 4.19 d, the preoviposition period was greatly increased by 3.6 d and 4 d, and average egg number of per female was significantly decreased by 11.93 and 13.23 as compared with the control. The susceptibility of sulfoxaflor-treated A. suturalis to imidacloprid, dinotefuran and cypermethrin showed that the LC50 values of the three chemicals were 187.18, 506.35 and 153.22 mg/L in CK group, and 134.15, 370.99 and 111.15 mg/L in LC10 treatment group, and 86.90、271.15和97.60 mg/L in LC25 treatment group, respectively. The relative toxicity index (RTI) of imidacloprid, dinotefuran and cypermethrin to A. suturalis indicated that the susceptibility of sulfoxaflor-treated A. suturalis to these three insecticides was increased.Conclusion Sulfoxaflor at sublethal concentrations can reduce the fecundity and population growth of A. suturalis and make it more susceptible to imidacloprid, dinotefuran and cypermethrin.

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Prey Selectivity of Coccinella undecimpunctata on Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii CAO Wei, SU Yue, MA Xue, YAO Yong-sheng 2019, 56(3): 472-480.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1057KB) ( )   Objective In order to study the predation and selection of Coccinella undecimpunctata on Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii in the hope of providing scientific basis for controlling A. gossypii and understanding the competition between A. gossypii and Ac. gossypii mediated by natural enemy. Method Under the condition of indoor control, the preying amount, growth and development effects of C. undecimpunctata feeding on A. gossypii and Ac. gossypii at different densities and the selection effect on the two aphids were determined.Result C. undecimpunctata had good predation to A. gossypi and Ac. gossypii. The maximum daily predation of adults of C. undecimpunctata were 107.67 and 98.67, respectively. Feeding on A. gossypi and Ac. gossypii could complete the normal development. There were no significant difference in growth, body weights and adult sex ratio. Under the same density combination of two aphids, C. undecimpunctata showed positive selection effect on the A. gossypii, and the adult had a stronger selective effect than the larvae, and the selection effect increased with the increase of density. When aphids were allocated in different proportions, the proportion of Ac. gossypii increased with the increase of the proportion of aphids, and the selection effect of C. undecimpunctata on Ac. gossypii were increased. Different density combinations of two aphids could affect the predation selection of C. undecimpunctata. Conclusion C. undecimpunctata feeding on two aphids can achieve normal development. Under the condition of equal density combination of the two kinds of aphids, C. undecimpunctata showed a positive selection effect on A. gossypii, and adults have a stronger selection effect than 3rd instar larvae.

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The Toxicity of Sulfoxaflor to Aphids and Safety Evaluation of Ladybugs in Cotton Fields SHANG Jiao, DING Jian-peng, YAO Yong-sheng 2019, 56(3): 481-488.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1054KB) ( )   Objective To clarify the toxicity of sulfoxaflor to three aphids in cotton fields of Southern Xinjiang and its safety to three predatory natural enemies.Method The susceptibilities of Aphis gossypii, Aphis atrata, Acyrthosiphom gossypii were determined by membrane methods in the laboratory with 22% fludinamidonitrile suspension agent and 5% imidacloprid as the test reagent, and the safety of Coccinella undecimpunctata, Harmonia axyridis, Propylaea japonica was determined by filter paper contact methods. Result The results showed that A. gossypii, A. atrata, Ac. gossypii showed different susceptibilities to two kinds of insecticides. The susceptibilities of 3-day-old larvae and adult aphids of three kinds of aphids to sulfoxaflor were significantly higher than that of imidacloprid. The LC50 of 3-day-old larvae and adults of cotton aphids to sulfoxaflor were 1.17 mg/L and 0.36 mg/L, its' indexes of relative toxicity (5% imidacloprid EC/22% sulfoxaflor SC) were 55.41 and 60.11, and cotton aphids showed strong resistance to 5% imidacloprid EC. The toxicities of 22% sulfoxaflor SC to three predatory ladybugs were lower than those of 5% imidacloprid EC, and the safety coefficients of 22% sulfoxaflor SC to ladybug adults and3-instar larvae were 6.16, 7.90, 4.54 and 5.07, 7.48 and 9.23 times higher than that of 5% imidacloprid EC, respectively. Conclusion 22% sulfoxaflor can be used to control the three kinds of aphids, and had high safety to natural enemies.

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Olfactory Behavior Response and Selectivity of Coccinella undecimpunctata on Aphis gossypii and Parasitized A. gossypii by aphidiidae SU Yue, MA Xue, DING Jian-peng, XIONG Ren-ci, YAO Yong-sheng 2019, 56(3): 489-497.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1722KB) ( )   Objective Olfactory behavior response and feeding preference of Coccinella undecimpunctata on unparasitic Aphis gossypii (reffered as healthy aphids in the following part) and parasitized A. gossypii by aphidiidae (reffered as parasitic aphids in the following part) were studied in the hope of providing scientific basis of controlling the population growth of cotton aphids through reasonable combination of predators and parasitic natural enemies, and reference for biological control pests in Xinjiang cotton field.Method In the laboratory, the olfactory behavior response of ladybirds on parasitic aphids and healthy aphids was determined by olfactometer, and the feeding rates of adult ladybirds to different parasitic ages aphids and the same amount of healthy aphids in the same petri dish were calculated respectively. Result Adult ladybirds showed an evident positive response to the odor of 3 days and older between healthy aphids and parasitic aphids than 1-day-old and 2-day-old aphids, and also female and adult male adults showed similar behavioral responses to odor of the same state aphids. The feed rate of adult ladybirds feeding on parasitic and healthy young aphids of 1-day-old and 2-day-old were identical; But the feed rates of ladybirds on 3-day-old, 4-day-old and 5-day-old parasitic aphids were significantly lower than those on healthy aphids.Conclusion There was a significant difference in olfactory behavior between adult adults of ladybird ladybug and adult aphid. The feeding selection rate was consistent with the olfactory response, and the feeding rate was more favorable to feeding the unparasitized aphid and the early parasitic aphid.

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Identification and Control Effect on Cotton Fusarium wilt of Biocontrol Bacteria HFW217 DING Jian-peng, FAN Ying-ge, YAO Yong-sheng 2019, 56(3): 498-508.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1407KB) ( )   Objective To clarify the types of biocontrol bacteria HFW217 and its control effects against cotton Fusarium wilt. Method The 16S rDNA,rpoB gene sequence and physiological and biochemical method were adopted to identify HFW217, and the biocontrol effects of HFW217 were determined through greenhouse and field efficacy trials.Result The analysis of salt tolerance showed that strain HFW217 had certain salt tolerance. The strain HFW217 microscopy was Gram-positive bacteria; It was short rod-shaped and spore-like, and its form wais short rod-like. 16S rDNA and rpoB gene sequence had high homology with that of Bacillus amloliquefaciens homology. Identification results showed that biocontrol bacteria HFW217 was Bacillus amloliquefaciens; its preventive and control effects against cotton Fusarium wilt in the greenhouse reached 77.62% and 73.18%, respectively; Its control effects were significantly higher than that of carbendazim. Conclusion The results showed that strain HFW217 was Bacillus amloliquefaciens , which had potential application in the biological control of Fusarium wilt of cotton.

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Effects of Different Abatement Measures of Continuous Cropping Obstacle on Yield Formation and Allelopathic Autotoxicity of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) LIU Xue-hua, ZHI Jin-hu, CHAI Zhao-hui, WANG De-sheng, YAO Yong-sheng, WANG Yuan, TANG Meng, SONG San-san, ZHENG Sen-yu 2019, 56(3): 509-520.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1497KB) ( )   Objective To explore the cotton allelopathic autotoxicity effects and evaluation methods under different continuous cropping obstacle abatement measures in Tarim Basin, China.Method The field plot tests were adopted and four measures, continuous cropping with microbial fertilizer (CM), cotton - rape rotation (CRR), cotton-rape intercropping (CRI) and cotton - rape intercropping with microbial fertilizer((RIM), were used in this experiment. Then, some effects of the abatement measures were concluded, and RIs index and evaluation results raised. Result The results showed there were significant differences between different indexes and allelopathic synthetical index under different abatement measures. Both in the 0-20 cm soil layer and the 20-40 cm soil layer, the net change value of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil after CRI treatment was the minimum, and the decrease amount of readily available phosphorus in the soil after CRR treatment was the maximum, while the decrease amount of readily available potassium was the maximum under RIM treatment. RIM and CM had significant promoting effects on cotton plant height, number of fruit branches and cotton yield, meanwhile, RIM had significant promoting effects on single boll weight of cotton, among which microbial fertilizer played an important role. The net change of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was negatively correlated with seed cotton yield, while the net change of readily available phosphorus and readily available potassium were negatively correlated with seed cotton yield, where the quadratic polynomial reached the significant or extremely significant level. After choosing the indexes according to the formula, RIs was calculated and compared, then it was found that there was a certain degree of allelopathy promoting effect under all the control measures, in which under RIM treatment (cotton-rape intercropping with microbial fertilizer), RIs was the largest and allelopathy promotion was the strongest, while it had the best effect and the largest RIs under the extracting concentration of 1∶10.Conclusion The way of cotton-rape intercropping with microbial fertilizer is an effective and feasible method to reduce the continuous cropping obstacles of cotton.

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Application of Remote Real-time Monitoring System for Pests on Monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera LU Yi, WANG Hui-qing, WEI Xin-zheng, GAO Yong-jian, DAI Ming, LI Jing 2019, 56(3): 521-527.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1419KB) ( )   Objective In this paper, dynamic change of adult Helicoverpa armigera in the field were monitored using remote real-time monitoring system to determine intelligent monitoring level including accuracy of automated counting and remote information transmission.Method Application of remote real-time monitoring system.Result With the automatic counting error of the daily moth trapping quantity analysis system, the accuracy of the automatic counting coincides with the actual moth trapping quantity was 77.5%, the coincidence was high, and the data transmission feedback was timely. Conclusion The results showed that dynamic shown in the remote monitoring system was consistent with that shown in common monitoring by sex pheromone and pest forecast lamp. And in the case of the same main peak, the number of peaks monitored by automatic monitor was more obvious. Which indicated that this system could reflect the occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera in the field to some extent and meet the technical demands of predication and forecast.

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Design and Experiment of Cotton Basal Fertilizer Alignment Row Spacing and Stratified Fertilizing Machine HE Yi-chuan, TANG Zhi-hui, WEN Hao-jun, ZHENG Xuan, LI Jian-jun, YANG Huai-jun, LIU Jin-bao, ZHAO Yan 2019, 56(3): 528-536.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1575KB) ( )   Objective In the light of the unscientific method of fertilization in the process of cotton planting, the traditional fertilizer application is large and the utilization rate is low, which causes soil pollution and so on.Method In combination with the agronomic characteristics of cotton planting, the fertilizer utilization rate and crop yield can be improved by reducing the fertilizer and using the fertilizer accurately.. In this paper, a cotton base fertilizer counter row delamination deep applicator has been developed. In order to combine the fertilizer reduction and efficiency with the mechanized fertilization of cotton, a kind of deep application of cotton base fertilizer mechanization based on the Beidou navigation technology was put forward, and the layered deep application of the base fertilizer in the direction of cotton planting was carried out. A delamination deep sizing machine for cotton base fertilizer was developed. Result The experimental results showed that the average fertilizer amount per mu was 21.4 kg, the coefficient of variation was 4.0%, and the amount of fertilizer was stable. In terms of fertilizer depth, the average depth of deep fertilizer was 19.8 cm, and the average depth of shallow fertilizer was 12.5 cm, which could effectively meet the actual production operation.Conclusion The machine was mainly composed of delamination fertilization device, soil covering device, fertilizer arrangement device, and deep walking wheel. The field test of the prototype used Beidou navigation tractor automatic driving system to carry on the deep application of fertilizer.

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Study on the Effect of Cotton Fly Prevention Operation of Multi-rotor Plant Protection UAV Lou Zhaoxia, Wen Haojun, Zhang Bin, Xin Fang, Han Xiaoqiang, Fu Wei 2019, 56(3): 537-543.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1394KB) ( )   Objective To study the deposition distribution law and pest control efficiency of droplet spraying operation of plant protection UAV. Method Using UAV and boom sprayer to carry out spraying test, with Kromekote card and filter paper as sampler to collect droplets, study the deposition law of droplets in cotton canopy, compare the pest control efficiency of two kinds of plant protection machinery. Results The results of test show that in the range of effective spray amplitude, the droplets of UAV spraying operation are mainly concentrated in the upper part of cotton canopy, the deposition and coverage of droplets in the middle and lower of cotton canopy are lower, The droplet drift of UAV spraying on the upper and lower wind direction is significantly different, and the average drift percentage of the upper wind direction is 4.93%, the average drift percentage of lower wind direction is 14.96%, and the fluctuation is large, JT-30 plant protection UAV and 3W-1000Y boom sprayer had better control effect on cotton aphid after 7 days of spraying, and the control effect on cotton leafhopper was better after 15 days of spraying. Conclusion From the operation effect of UAV, the penetration of droplets in cotton canopy is poor, the phenomenon of droplet drift of lower wind direction is more prominent, the control effect of aphids is good, and the research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the field operation of plant protection UAV.

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Influence of Different Curved Surface Graft Dividers on Graft Distribution and Analysis of Their Working Force YI Zhe-tian, WEN Hao-jun, PAN Fo-chu 2019, 56(3): 544-550.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1503KB) ( )   Objective To solve the problems caused by dense planting and cultivation mode of cotton in Xinjiang. For example, the fog droplets could not penetrate the crop canopy and the effect of insecticides on the middle and lower parts of cotton plants was poor.Method Through the establishment of a digital model based on mathematical theory, the transient stress analysis of the grain divider and the elastic deformation analysis of cotton branch were carried out.Results Under the same disturbance, the pressure on the splitting surface caused by the same force on the parabolic surface decreased gradually, and it dropped to 23N at the end of the divider. Conclusion The parabolic surface divider has the lowest passing resistance and is the best dividing type among the three dividers.

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Screening and Safety Evaluation of Chemical Control of Weeds in Spring Sowing Corn Fields in Northern Xinjiang LI Shuang-jian, WANG Xiao-wu, WANG Zhi-hui, FU Kai-yun, Tursun Ahmat, HE Jiang, DING Xin-hua, GUO Wen-chao 2019, 56(3): 551-559.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1126KB) ( )   Objective The purpose of this project is to screen out the high efficiency chemical herbicide and evaluate its safety through field herbicide efficacy test and safety investigation in the hope of providing the basis for scientific herbicidal control in spring sowing corn field in Xinjiang. Method The field control experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and fresh weight control of 8 herbicides in different periods and their safety in corn seedling stage.Result In each closed process, Atrazine 38% SC (1,500 mL/hm2) and Mesotrione·s-metolachlor·atrazine 38.5% CS ( 6,000 mL/hm2) weed control were better than other treatments. Stem and leaf treatment, Nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD ( 1,200 mL/hm2) weed control were better than other treatments, the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached 30 d and 45 d after application were 85.71%,83.18% and 59.38%,64.78%, next Mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine 28% OD (2,700 mL/hm2) the effect was better. Mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine 24% OD (2,700 mL/hm2) and Fluroxypyr-meptyl·mesotrione·nicosulfuron 50% WG (450 g/hm2) could also be used as a choice for weed control. But, Topramezone 30% SC (225 mL/hm2) the weed control effect was the worst, not recommended for use in corn field weed control.Conclusion The types and application rates of herbicides that are safe and effective in controlling corn weeds in production are: closed treatment: Atrazine 38% SC (1,500 mL/hm2) and Mesotrione·s-metolachlor·atrazine 38.5% CS (6,000 mL/hm2); Stem and leaf treatment: Nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD (1,200 mL/hm2) , Mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine 28% OD (2,700 mL/hm2), Mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine 24% OD (2,700 mL/hm2) and Fluroxypyr-meptyl·mesotrione·nicosulfuron 50% WG (450 g/hm2).

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Community Characteristics of Bromus inermis on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains GONG Ke, JIN Gui-li, YUE Yong-huan, HAN Wan-qiang, LIU Wen-hao 2019, 56(3): 560-569.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1748KB) ( )   Objective To study the characteristics of wild Bromus inermis community on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and reveal the status and role of the germplasm resources in grassland communities in Xinjiang.Method The five regions of the western, central and eastern sections of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang were taken as the research object, the field sampling method was used to determine the characteristics of the Bromus inermis community under three altitude gradients in five regions.Result (1) The Bromus inermis was mainly mixed with gramineae and legumes. The important value was larger in the middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and in the low altitude area.(2) The species diversity increased first and then decreased from the western part of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains to the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains, and increased with the increase of altitude in the region, but there was no significant difference among the regions. (3) There were small differences in the number of community characteristics between the regions. The relative quantitative characteristics of Bromus inermis increased first and then decreased from west to east, and highest in the middle part of the region. However, there was no difference in the relative population characteristics of Bromus inermis in the region.Conclusion There is no significant difference in the status of Bromus inermis in different communities in different areas. The relative coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the Bromus inermis in the middle part of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were higher than those in other areas, and the species diversity was more abundant. With the increase of altitude, the species of the community increased, and the important position of Bromus inermis decreased gradually. The relative quantitative characteristics of Bromus inermis in the community did not change much.

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Effects of estrogen on the proliferation and cell cycle of mammary gland epithelial cells in dairy cows Wu Kai-le, Kuxitabieke Maimaitiyibulayin, Ma Jing, Shao Wei, Yu Xiong 2019, 56(3): 570-579.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1786KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on the proliferation and cell cycle of mammary epithelial cells. From November 2017 to January 2018, the experiment of estrogen on the proliferation and growth cycle of mammary epithelial cells was carried out in Xinjiang Herbivore Animal Nutrition Laboratory. Method The mammary epithelial cells with good growth state were selected and the mammary epithelial cells were incubated with 0, 50, 100, 200 μmol/L estrogen. The proliferation and cell cycle of each group were detected at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. Happening. Result The results showed that the OD value of the 50 μmoL/L estrogen group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the 100 μmoL/L estrogen group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than the 200 μmoL/L estrogen addition group (P<0.01). In the control group and the 50 μmoL/L estrogen group, the G1 phase was significantly higher than the other two groups (P<0.01), and the S phase of the control group was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.01). The G2 phase of the 100 μmol L/L estrogen group was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The results showed that the addition of estrogen can promote the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, and estrogen promoted the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells at 50 μmol/L and 12 h. The addition of estrogen did not affect the basic regularity of cell growth in mammary epithelial cells at various stages. The cell cycle of each estrogen-added group changed from G1 to S to G2 at 12 h.

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The Construction and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Integrated Development of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries in Rural Xinjiang TIAN Cong-hua, HAN Xiao, MIAO Hong-ping, XU Zhong, TIAN Li-wen 2019, 56(3): 580-588.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   Objective Based on the deployment strategy of promoting rural revitalization in an all-round way by the state and autonomous region, this paper aims at the present situation of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Xinjiang, establishes an index system, evaluates their development, finds out the weak links, and puts forward measures to promote the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Xinjiang.Method According to the related literature, using Delphi method, 11 experts were employed to rate the evaluation index, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the comprehensive index method were used to construct the evaluation index system.Result The integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries was about to step into the growth stage in rural Xinjiang. The weaknesses toward the development were mainly in the following areas: strength of farmers' organizations, enhancement of multi-functionality of agriculture, development of E-commerce of agricultural products, the inputs of agricultural technology, transfer of rural labor forces and shortage of public resources in rural areas. Conclusion Xinjiang has solid basis for integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Xinjiang should take the cultivation of new type of agricultural management as the core. Xinjiang should take science and technology as the guide and take the leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization with high degree of integration and strong driving force as the support to promote the development of the rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, to prosper the countryside, and then to promote the development of agricultural rural modernization.