Multiple Analysis on Character and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.004

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (9): 2114-2122.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.004

• Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources • Previous Articles Next Articles

Multiple Analysis on Character and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations

YANG Minghua¹(), WANG Qian², ZHOU Xinli¹, Aihemaitijiang Mahemuti¹, PEN Yuncheng¹, Aierjuma Tuluhan¹, Buayxam Namat¹, HOU Lili¹, LIU Qiang¹()

1. Institute of Agricultural Science of Ili Prefecture， Yining Xinjiang 835000， China
2. XinJiang YiLi Normal University， Yining Xinjiang 835000， China

Received:2021-11-03 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2023-01-16
Correspondence author: LIU Qiang
Supported by:
Tianshan Youth Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region “Research on Mechanical Harvest Characteristics of High Generation Early Mature and Dense Maize”(2019Q097);“Yili Elite” Maize Expert Studio Project;Yili Prefecture Science and Technology key Project“Research and Application of Key Technologies for Fertilizer Water Regulation of Seed Production Maize”(YZ2022B008)

玉米杂交组合性状及产量的多重分析

杨明花¹(), 王倩², 周新丽¹, 艾合买提江·马合木提¹, 彭云承¹, 艾尔居玛·吐卢汗¹, 布阿依夏木·那曼提¹, 侯丽丽¹, 刘强¹()

1.新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所，新疆伊宁 835000
2.新疆伊犁师范大学，新疆伊宁 835000

通讯作者: 刘强
作者简介:杨明花（1983-），女，四川威远人，助理研究员，硕士研究生，研究方向为玉米栽培遗传育种。（E-mail）xjymh123@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区天山青年基金“早熟耐密玉米高代系宜机收特性的研究”(2019Q097);“伊犁英才”玉米专家工作室项目;伊犁州科技攻关项目“制种玉米肥水调节关键技术研究与应用”(YZ2022B008)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this study，32 maize combinations were used to further understand the genetic factor that affect traits，so as to select the most effective breeding methods.【Method】 The experiment selected four maize inbred lines as testers and eight inbred lines as tested materials，then paired them into 32 combinations according to incomplete two-row hybrid design. 11 agronomic traits of maize hybrids，such as panicle length，panicle diameter，yield，axis diameter，grain length，hundred grain weight，panicle number，barren tip and growth period，were measured and the data wascompared and evaluated via variability analysis，correlation analysis，path analysis and principal component analysis. 【Result】 The variation coefficients of the tested materials for each agronomic trait ranged from 7.31% to 69.85%. Correlation analysis showed that ear diameter，hundred grain weight，row grain number and ear length were significantly positively correlated with yield （r=0.744 2，0.733 0，0.621 6 and 0.634 8），while bald tip length was negatively correlated with yield （r=-0.012 6）. Path analysis showed that panicle row number，panicle length，hundred grain weight，panicle height，stem diameter，axial diameter and plant height had direct positive effects on yield，while bare tip，axial diameter and row grain number itself had direct negative effects on yield. Principal component analysis showed that the contributions to yield of different agronomic factors were in order of ：panicle row number factor > panicle length factor > hundred grain weight factor >seed maize length factor.According to cluster analysis，the 32 materials could be divided into 4 groups，the characteristics of each group were analyzed on the basis of different breeding targets.【Conclusion】 In order to fully tap the potential of germplasm resources and breed excellent maize varieties，attention should be paid to breeding materials with more rows of grain，coarser ears and smaller bare tips，in the meantime the 100-grain weight and the correlation with other traits should also be put into consideration.

Key words: maize; hybrid combination; agronomic traits; correlation analysis; path analysis; principal component analysis; cluster analysis

摘要：

【目的】 研究32份玉米组合农艺性状与产量多重比较，分析影响性状的遗传因子，选择最有效的育种方法。【方法】 选用4个玉米自交系为测验种，8个自交系为被测系，按照不完全双列杂交设计，组配32份组合。测定玉米杂交种穗长、穗粗、产量、轴粗、粒长、百粒重、穗行数、秃尖长、生育期等11个农艺性状，并采用变异性、相关性、通径、主成分和聚类分析进行比较和评价。【结果】 参试材料的11个农艺性状的变异系数7.31％~69.85％；穗粗、百粒重、行粒数和穗长对产量呈极显著正相关（r=0.744 2、0.733 0、0.621 6和0.634 8），秃尖长与产量间呈负相关（r=-0.012 6）；穗行数、穗长、百粒重、穗高、茎粗、轴粗、株高本身的直接效应对产量有正向作用，秃尖长、轴粗、行粒数本身的直接效应对产量有负向作用；对产量贡献大小排序为穗行数因子>穗长因子>百粒重因子>籽粒长因子。32份材料可划分为4 个类群，依据各类群的特点进行品种选育。【结论】 在玉米育种材料筛选时，果穗行粒多、果穗轴粗和秃尖小的育种材料，要关注百粒重，并与其他性状间的关联，充分挖掘种质资源潜力，选育出优异的玉米品种。

关键词: 玉米, 杂交组合, 农艺性状, 相关分析, 通径分析, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

CLC Number:

S513

YANG Minghua, WANG Qian, ZHOU Xinli, Aihemaitijiang Mahemuti, PEN Yuncheng, Aierjuma Tuluhan, Buayxam Namat, HOU Lili, LIU Qiang. Multiple Analysis on Character and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2114-2122.

杨明花, 王倩, 周新丽, 艾合买提江·马合木提, 彭云承, 艾尔居玛·吐卢汗, 布阿依夏木·那曼提, 侯丽丽, 刘强. 玉米杂交组合性状及产量的多重分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2114-2122.

Figures/Tables 6

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性状Traits	方法Determination method
小区产量Plot yield （kg）	小区收获后脱粒，测定单位小区的籽粒重量
穗长Ear length（cm）	考种时选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定其长度
穗粗Ear diameter （cm）	考种时选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定其宽度
轴粗Axle diameter（cm）	脱粒后选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定其宽度
粒长Kernel length （cm）	（穗粗-轴粗）/2
百粒重100-grain weight （g）	脱粒后随机数3份100粒玉米籽粒测定其质量
穗行数Ear row number	考种时选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定每穗籽粒行数
生育期Growth period（d）	从出苗到成熟日的天数
株高Plant height （cm）	玉米灌浆期选取 10 株有代表性的植株，测量从地面到顶端的距离
穗位高Ear heigh（cm）	玉米灌浆期选取 10 株有代表性的植株，测量从地面到第一穗节间的距离
穗位系数Ear height/Plant height	穗位高/株高

性状Traits	方法Determination method
小区产量Plot yield （kg）	小区收获后脱粒，测定单位小区的籽粒重量
穗长Ear length（cm）	考种时选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定其长度
穗粗Ear diameter （cm）	考种时选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定其宽度
轴粗Axle diameter（cm）	脱粒后选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定其宽度
粒长Kernel length （cm）	（穗粗-轴粗）/2
百粒重100-grain weight （g）	脱粒后随机数3份100粒玉米籽粒测定其质量
穗行数Ear row number	考种时选取10个有代表性的果穗，测定每穗籽粒行数
生育期Growth period（d）	从出苗到成熟日的天数
株高Plant height （cm）	玉米灌浆期选取 10 株有代表性的植株，测量从地面到顶端的距离
穗位高Ear heigh（cm）	玉米灌浆期选取 10 株有代表性的植株，测量从地面到第一穗节间的距离
穗位系数Ear height/Plant height	穗位高/株高

性状 Traits	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Average	标准差Standard deviation	变异系数Variation coefficient（%）
株高Plant height （cm）	299.00	201.00	246.40	21.74	8.82
穗高Ear height（cm）	122.70	64.00	88.32	11.50	13.02
穗长Ear length（cm）	22.50	14.75	18.31	1.71	9.34
茎粗Stem diameter（cm）	28.80	17.08	22.06	2.38	10.81
秃尖长Bartip length（cm）	6.40	0.00	1.46	1.02	69.85
穗粗Ear diameter （cm）	5.5	3.99	4.75	0.33	6.94
穗行数Ear row number	28.00	14.00	16.42	2.22	13.53
行粒数Row grain number	45.00	31.00	36.34	2.66	7.31
轴粗Axle diameter	3.60	2.04	2.55	0.24	9.44
产量Yield （kg）	1228.25	487.69	819.89	125.00	15.25
百粒重100-grain weight （g）	42.10	25.84	823.82	133.91	16.25

性状 Traits	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Average	标准差Standard deviation	变异系数Variation coefficient（%）
株高Plant height （cm）	299.00	201.00	246.40	21.74	8.82
穗高Ear height（cm）	122.70	64.00	88.32	11.50	13.02
穗长Ear length（cm）	22.50	14.75	18.31	1.71	9.34
茎粗Stem diameter（cm）	28.80	17.08	22.06	2.38	10.81
秃尖长Bartip length（cm）	6.40	0.00	1.46	1.02	69.85
穗粗Ear diameter （cm）	5.5	3.99	4.75	0.33	6.94
穗行数Ear row number	28.00	14.00	16.42	2.22	13.53
行粒数Row grain number	45.00	31.00	36.34	2.66	7.31
轴粗Axle diameter	3.60	2.04	2.55	0.24	9.44
产量Yield （kg）	1228.25	487.69	819.89	125.00	15.25
百粒重100-grain weight （g）	42.10	25.84	823.82	133.91	16.25

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	产量 Yield	株高 Plant height	穗高 Ear height	茎粗 Stem diamete	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Bartiplength	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Row grain number	轴粗 Axle diameter	百粒重 100-grain weight
产量Yield	1
株高Plant height	0.096 7	1
穗高Ear height	0.065 2	0.399 5	1
茎粗Stem diamete	0.149 8	0.163 8	0.204 2	1
穗长Ear length	0.621 6^**	0.014 3	-0.231 9	-0.040 5	1
秃尖长Bar tip length	-0.012 6	0.029 5	0.026 6	0.555 7^**	-0.142 7	1
穗粗Ear diameter	0.744 2^**	0.153 7	0.262 1	0.481 7^*	0.274 5	0.328 3	1
穗行数Ear row number	0.291 7	-0.280 3	-0.245 9	0.181 3	0.034 0	0.190 8	0.366 7	1
行粒数Row grain number	0.634 8^**	-0.06	-0.313 2	-0.049	0.687 5^**	-0.073 1	0.344 8	0.275 1	1
轴粗Axle diameter	0.163 3	-0.270 1	-0.117 3	0.024 7	0.483 2^*	-0.008 5	0.482 1^*	0.314 8	0.455 9^*	1
百粒重100-grain weight	0.733 0^**	0.511 2^**	0.397 5	0.343 7	0.451	0.006 3	0.655	-0.052 7	0.425 9^*	0.257 9	1
注：、* 分别表示在0.05、0.01水平上相关性显著 Note：* And * * Indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels，respectively

Multiple Analysis on Character and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations

玉米杂交组合性状及产量的多重分析

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变量 Variable	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接系数 Direct coefficient	株高 Plant height	穗高 Ear height	茎粗 Stem diamete	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Bartiplength	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Row grain number	轴粗 Axle diameter	百粒重 100-grain weight
株高Plant height	0.096 7	0.181 2		0.027 3	0.012 7	0.034 6	0.024 4	0.001 5	0.101 9	-0.051 7	0.122 3	-0.021 3
穗高Ear height	0.065 2	0.282 6	0.046 5		0.077 8	0.037 8	0.000 6	-0.003 6	0.021	0.049 7	-0.011 6	0.010 2
茎粗Stem diamete	0.149 8	0.194 7	0.031 4	0.112 9		0.047 2	-0.009 1	-0.003 2	0.035 9	0.043 6	-0.060 3	0.004 4
穗长Ear length	0.621 6	0.431 1	0.072 1	0.046 3	0.039 8		-0.001 6	-0.067 4	0.066	-0.032 2	-0.009 4	-0.000 9
秃尖长Bar tip length	-0.012 6	-0.039 3	0.299 1	0.004	-0.045 2	-0.009 3		0.017 3	0.037 6	-0.006	-0.132 4	-0.018 2
穗粗Ear diameter	0.744 2	-0.121 3	-0.006 1	0.008 3	0.005 2	0.128 4	-0.005 6		0.045	-0.033 8	-0.014 1	0.000 3
穗行数Ear row number	0.291 7	0.473 7	0.358 1	0.043 4	0.051	0.111 3	0.010 8	-0.039 8		-0.065 1	0.066 4	-0.018 2
行粒数Row grain number	0.634 8	-0.177 4	0.140 4	-0.079 2	-0.047 9	0.041 9	0.001 3	-0.023 1	0.050 2		0.053	-0.011 9
轴粗Axle diameter	0.163 3	-0.192 6	0.305 5	-0.017	-0.061	-0.011 3	0.027	0.008 9	0.047 2	-0.048 8		-0.017 2
百粒重100-grain weight	0.733	0.337 8	0.271 1	-0.076 3	-0.022 8	0.005 7	0.019	0.001	0.066	-0.055 8	0.087 8

	因子1 Factor1	因子2 Factor2	因子3 Factor3	因子4 Factor4
粒长Grain length	0.40	-0.09	-0.16	0.34
穗长Ear length	0.20	0.62	0.04	-0.02
穗行数Ear rows	0.47	-0.05	0.35	0.83
行粒数ear rows	0.12	0.63	-0.02	0.07
百粒重1 00-grain weight	0.42	0.26	0.76	-0.18
生育期growth period	0.42	-0.10	-0.16	0.00
株高Plant height	0.38	-0.27	-0.40	-0.06
穗高ear height	0.45	-0.23	0.27	-0.25
穗位系数Ear height/Plant height	0.22	-0.04	0.75	-0.30
特征值eigenvalues	3.27	1.98	1.31	0.99
百分率per cent%	36.33	21.99	14.55	10.97
累计百分率Cumulative percentage%	36.33	58.32	72.88	83.84

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