Study on the Development Characteristics and Agronomic Regulation of Lignified Bearing Branch on Junzao

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.07.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the development characteristics and the effect of different agronomical measures for the lignified bearing branch on Junzao in the Kashgar region of Xinjiang in the hope providing reference for the production of high quality cultivars using lignified bearing branches.【Method】This paper observed phenological period, growth, bear fruit condition and fruit quality to confirm the development characteristics of different type jujube bearing branches and analyzed the influence of different agronomic measures on the development characteristics of the lignified bearing branches, thus putting forward the best control measures to promote the growth and development.【Result】The lignified bearing branches were compared with the deciduous bearing branches on Junzao: the duration of flowering and the growth period were about twelve and twenty days longer respectively, but fruit ripening period was around fifteen days later. The growth, fruit hanging ratio of lignified bearing branch were significantly higher. The effects of different agronomic measures on the quality of jujube hanging, leaf and fruit were different. The weight-pinching of jujube head and foliar spraying by Urea, KH₂PO₄ could remarkably promote the growth of lignified bearing branch and increase the weight of single fruit, in which the foliar spraying KH₂PO₄ could obviously improve the quality. In the concentration range of the test, the foliar spraying CCC could significantly increase the width of the leaf and the diameter of bearing branch. Foliar spraying of abscisic acid inhibited the normal development of bearing branch and reduced the fruit quality, and foliar spraying GA₃ could promote the development of bearing branch, increase the weight of single fruit, but reduce the soluble sugar content.【Conclusion】Compared with the deciduous bearing branch, lignified bearing branch had the advantages of long development time, large growth rate and stronger fruit-setting ability. It can increase the fruit weight and remain at a higher level of fruit quality by using lignified bearing branch. The heavy pinching and spraying KH₂PO₄ can promote the development of bearing branch and improve the fruit quality.

Key words: Junzao jujube; lignified bearing branch; developmental characteristics; agronomic regulation measures

摘要： 【目的】研究新疆骏枣木质化枣吊的发育特性及不同农艺调控效果,为生产上利用木质化枣吊实现骏枣优质丰产栽培提供参考依据。【方法】观察不同类型枣吊物候期、生长量、坐果及果实品质,研究木质化枣吊的发育特性;分析不同农艺措施对木质化枣吊枣果品质的影响,提出最佳调控措施。【结果】木质化枣吊比脱落性枣吊的花期持续时间长12 d左右,生长发育期长20 d左右、果实成熟期晚15 d左右。骏枣木质化枣吊的生长量、果吊比等指标显著高于脱落性枣吊。不同农艺措施对枣吊、叶片、枣果品质的调控效果存在差异。枣头重摘心、叶面喷施尿素和KH₂PO₄均能显著促进木质化枣吊的生长和提高单果重,其中叶面喷施KH₂PO₄能明显改善品质。在一定浓度范围内,叶面喷施CCC可以显著增大叶片宽度和枣吊粗度,叶面喷施ABA抑制了枣吊的正常发育且降低了枣果品质,而叶面喷施GA₃可促进枣吊发育,提高单果重,但降低了可溶性糖含量。【结论】相比脱落性枣吊,骏枣木质化枣吊发育时间长,生长量大,坐果能力强。骏枣利用木质化枣吊坐果,能增大果个且枣果品质仍能保持在较高水平。枣头重摘心和叶面喷施KH₂PO₄可以促进枣吊发育和提高果实品质。

关键词: 骏枣, 木质化枣吊, 发育特性, 农艺调控措施

CLC Number:

S665.1

FAN Ding-yu, YANG Lei, ZHOU Xiao-ming, GUO Chun-miao, JIN Juan, FENG Bei-bei, HAO Qing. Study on the Development Characteristics and Agronomic Regulation of Lignified Bearing Branch on Junzao[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(7): 1245-1251.

樊丁宇, 杨磊, 周晓明, 郭春苗, 靳娟, 冯贝贝, 郝庆. 骏枣木质化枣吊发育特性及其农艺调控研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(7): 1245-1251.

References

[1] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2016:383-384.
   Statistics Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (2016). Xinjiang statistical yearbook [J]. Beijing: China Statistics Press: 383-384. (in Chinese)
[2] 曲泽洲,王永蕙.中国果树志·枣卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991:42.
   QU Ze-zhou, WANG Yong-hui. (1991). Chinese fruit tree and jujube rolls [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 42. (in Chinese)
[3] 杨艳荣,赵锦,刘孟军,等.枣吊的研究进展[J].华北农学报,2007,22(增刊):53-57.
   YANG Yan-rong, ZHAO Jin, LIU Meng-jun, et al. (2007). Advances in Research on Bearing Branch of Chinese Jujube [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 22(Suppl.):53-57. (in Chinese)
[4] 时碧玲.梨枣枣吊生长与结果习性的观察初报[J].陕西林业科技,1999,(2):22-23.
   SHI Bi-ling. (1999). Jujube growth and Fruiting Habits of the preliminary observation [J]. Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology, (2):22-23.(in Chinese)
[5] 沈庆宁,李玉成,李丰.对枣树木质化枣吊的特性、功能及形成原因的调查研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2009,(5):8-9.
   SHEN Qing-ning, LI Yu-cheng, LI Feng. (2009). Investigation and Study on the characteristics, functions and formation reasons of jujube crane [J]. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, (5):8-9. (in Chinese)
[6] 唐忠建,何梅,高俊萍.摘心与抹芽对木质化枣吊形成的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,(22):26-28.
   TANG Zhong-jian, HE Mei, GAO Jun-ping. (2012). Effects of Pinchhing and Bud Picking on the Formation of the Hanging Wooden of the Dates [J]. Northern Horticulture, (22):26-28.(in Chinese)
[7] 杜建丰.枣头摘心的效应[J].落叶果树,1993,10(3):142-145.
   DU Jian-feng. (1993). The effect of pinching jujube heads [J]. Deciduous Fruits,10(3):142-145. (in Chinese)
[8] 王浚明,李疆.修剪对枣头发生与发展的效应[J].河南农业大学学报,1989,23(3):11-19.
   WANG Jun-ming, LI Jian. (1989). Effect of Pruning on the occurrence and development of jujube head [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 23(3):11-19. (in Chinese)
[9] 陈贻金,侯尚谦.枣树摘心的增产作用[J].山西果树,1983,(2):39-40.
   CHEN Yi-jin, HOU Shang-qian. (1983). Yield effect of jujube topping [J]. Shanxi Fruits, (2): 39-40.(in Chinese)
[10] 晏巢,王森,邵凤侠.南方鲜食枣木质化与非木质化枣吊叶片光合效率的比较[J].经济林研究,2013,31(2):113-117.
   YAN Chao, WANG Sen, SHAO Feng-xia, et al. (2013). Comparison of leaf photosynthetic efficiency of ligni? ed and non-ligni?ed bearing branches in southern fresh-eat jujube [J]. Nonwood Forest Research, 31(2):113-117.(in Chinese)
[11] 王森,晏巢,邵凤侠.南方鲜食枣两种类型枣吊开花结果能力比较分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):9-16.
   WANG Sen, YAN Cao, SHAO Feng-xia. (2017). Comparation study of blooming and fruiting ability in two types of bearing shoot in southern China fresh-eat jujube [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry& Technology, 37(3):9-16.(in Chinese)
[12] 王森,晏巢,邓白罗.南方鲜食枣两种类型枣吊养分输导和积累能力比较[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(12):35-39.
   WANG Sen, YAN Cao, DENG Bai-luo. (2014). Comparison study of transporting ability in two kinds of bearing branches in southern China fresh-eat jujube [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 34(12):35-39.(in Chinese)
[13] 徐胜利,陈小青.荒漠绿洲直播建园红枣光照分布及其对枣吊产量品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(14):8 035-8 037.
   XU Sheng-li, CHEN Xiao-qing. (2012). Effects of Light Distribution on Yield and Quality of 'Junzao' Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Cv. Junzao) Trees in Direct-seeding Jujube Orchard in Desert Oasis [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 40(14): 8,035-8,037. (in Chinese)
[14] 朱广廉,钟海文,张爱琴.植物生理学实验[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1990:229-231.
   ZHU Guang-lian, ZHONG Hai-wen, ZHANG Ai-qin. (1990). Experiment of Plant Physiology [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press: 229-231.(in Chinese)
[15] 周莉蓉,穆玉北,李疆. 阿克苏地区红枣主栽品种生育特性的初步研究[J].塔里木大学学报,2009,21(3):22-29.
   ZHOU Li-rong, MU Yu-bei, LI Jiang. (2009). A preliminary study on the fertility characteristics of the main Chinese Jujube Cultivars in Akesu [J]. Journal of Tarim University, 21(3): 22-29.(in Chinese)
[16] 杨磊,傅连军,买买提依明·阿拉白迪,等. 喀什地区灰枣、骏枣幼龄期生育特性调查研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,(12):2 261-2 265.
   YANG Lei, FU Lian-jun, Maimaitiyiming Alabaidi, et al. (2012). The Investigation and Study on the Growth Characteristics ofZiziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao andZiziphus Jujuba cv. Junzao in Kashigar [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, (12): 2,261-2,265.(in Chinese)
[17] 李军,彭刚.骏枣不同强度重摘心对比试验[J].农村科技,2014,(9):41-42.
   LI Jun, PENG Gang. (2014). Comparative test of different strength heavy pinching on Junzao [J]. Rural Science & Technology, (9): 41-42.(in Chinese)
[18] 向征,钟聪慧,胡军,等.新疆枣果黑斑病病原鉴定[J].新疆农业科学,2013,5(5):845-850.
   XIANG Zheng, ZHONG Cong-hui, HU Jun, et al. (2013). Identification of jujube black spot pathogens in Xinjiang [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 5(5):845-850.(in Chinese)
[19] 陈存红.南疆枣黑斑病流行因素分析及综合防治技术的研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学硕士论文,2017.
   CHEN Cun-hong. (2017). The study on epidemic factors and integrated control techniqueof jujube black spot disease in Southern Xinjiang[D]. Master Dissertation. Tarim University, Aral. (in Chinese)
[20]刘尊英.绿芦笋(Asparagus officinalis L.)木质化的生理生化基础及其调控技术研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2003:79-80.
   LIU Zun-ying. (2003). Studies on Physiological and bioehemical foundations and control technology of lignification in Green As Paragus [D]. PhD Dissertation. China Agricultural University: 79-80, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[21]罗自生.GA₃处理对采后竹笋木质化及内源激素水平的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):454-457.
   LUO Zi-sheng. (2005). Effects of GA₃ Treatment on Lignification and Endogenous Hormone Levels of Postharvest Bamboo Shoots [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 32(3):454-457.(in Chinese)
[22]刘克武,韩承伟,孟黎明,等.促进刺五加苗木木质化试验[J].中国林副特产,2005,(5):14-15.
   LIU Ke-wu, HAN Cheng-wei, MENG Li-ming. (2005). The experiment of promoting the seedlings lignification in Acanthopanax [J]. China Forestry Deputy Product, (5):14-15. (in Chinese)
[23] 胡尚连,贾举庆,孙霞.GA₃和IAA对慈竹木质素动态积累和S/G的调控效应[J].福建林业科技,2009,36(2):36-38.
   HU Shang-lian, JIA Ju-qing, SUN Xia, et al. (2009). Dynamic Accumulation of Neosinocalamus affinins Lignin with GA₃ and IAA and S/G Adjustment and Control Effects [J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 36(2): 36-38.(in Chinese)
[24] 唐岩,宋来庆,孙燕霞,等.叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对红将军苹果叶片性状、果实品质和香气成分的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(5):82-85.
   TANG Yan, SONG Lai-qing, SUN Yan-xia, et al. (2017). Effects of foliage application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on blade fruit quality and aroma components of red general fuji apple [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 49(5):82-85. (in Chinese)