Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sowing date on arthropod community structure in fresh corn field so as to provide guidance for rational selection of sowing dates and scientific utilization of natural enemy insects to realize natural regulation of insect communities.【Method】The community structure characteristics of arthropod community in corn fields were determined by net capture method and visual method at six sowing dates (T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅, T₆).【Result】The survey received 11,628 arthropod animal heads, which belonged to 3 classes, 13 orders and 42 families, 66 genera and 71 species; the sowing period total species number (S), total individual number (N) and the number of dominant species of natural enemies of individual differences were not significant (P>0.05), but there are significant differences between occurrence quantity of dominant pests of corn borer (P<0.05). The T₁ and T₂ in early sowing 100 strain and damage rate were significantly greater than the late sowing (T₅, T₆) (P<0.05). In the community index, the evenness index and diversity index of T₁ and T₂ were the lowest, and the dominant concentration index was the highest, and the community was the most unstable. The occurrence of a large number of corn borer and corn three spot leafhoppers resulted in significant changes of arthropod community index in maize field, and was a major factor affecting community stability. Community structure similarity indicated that the community structure between T₁ and T₂, T₃ and T₄, T₅ and T₆ was the very similar, and the same control strategy could be adopted in the prevention and control of major pests.【Conclusion】The delaying of sowing date had little influence on the natural enemies and neutral insects in fresh corn fields,but the peak time of corn borer damage rate and the amount of larvae per plant decreased with the delay of sowing time decreased, compared with the April 16th planting corn fields, larvae per 100 plants in May 9th, May 15th, April 21st, May 24th, June 1st of the first and second generation corn borer occurrence period were reduced by 62.16% and 5.87%, 70.18% and 23.10%, 81.62% and 29.44%, 100% and 51.19%, 100% and 51.90%, 23% and 3.80%, reduce the damage rate of 26.20% and 16.20%, 37% and 30.6%, 30.20% and 23%, 37% and 37%. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage of field corn borer, it is suggested that the best sowing time for fresh corn in northern Xinjiang is from early May to mid May.

Key words: fresh corn; sowing date; arthropod community; temporal dynamics

摘要： 【目的】研究播期对鲜食玉米田节肢动物群落结构特征的影响,为生产中合理选择播期利用天敌昆虫实现害虫群落自然调控提供指导。【方法】采用网捕法和目测法,研究6个不同播期(T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅、T₆)玉米田节肢动物群落结构特征差异。【结果】调查共获节肢动物11 628头,隶属于3纲13目42科66属71种;各播期总物种数(S)、总个体数(N)及优势种天敌个体数量差异不显著(P>0.05),但优势害虫玉米螟的发生量存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中 T₁、T₂早播处理的百株虫量及被害株率均显著大于晚播处理(T5、T6)(P<0.05)。早播处理T₁、T₂的均匀度指数和多样性指数最低,优势集中性指数最高,群落最不稳定。玉米螟和玉米三点斑叶蝉的大量发生导致了玉米田节肢动物群落特征指数出现显著变化,是影响群落稳定的主要因素。取相同的防治策略。【结论】播期推迟对鲜食玉米田天敌和中性昆虫的发生影响较小,但玉米螟发生盛期的百株幼虫量及为害率随播期的推迟呈显著递减趋势。因此,为降低田间玉米螟为害,综合考虑气候、温度等因素影响,建议在生产实际中新疆北部鲜食玉米的最佳播种时间为5月上旬至5月中旬。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 播期, 节肢动物群落, 时序动态