新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1413-1422.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.014
• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇 下一篇
王文涛1(), 吴博1(), 邰红忠1, 练文明1, 戴翠荣1, 李双江2, 蒲艳梅1
收稿日期:
2022-10-17
出版日期:
2023-06-20
发布日期:
2023-06-20
通信作者:
吴博(1988-),男,河南人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail) wubowubo@sina.cn
作者简介:
王文涛(1986-),男,河南人,助理研究员,研究方向为棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail)594485424@qq.com
基金资助:
WANG Wentao1(), WU Bo1(), TAI Hongzhong1, LIAN Wenming1, DAI Cuirong1, LI Shuangjiang2, PU Yanmei1
Received:
2022-10-17
Online:
2023-06-20
Published:
2023-06-20
Correspondence author:
WU Bo(1988-), male, native place: Henan, assistant researcher, master, research direction: cotton breeding and cultivation, (E-mail) wubowubo@sina.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究不同播期对棉花生长影响,分析阿拉尔垦区适期早播与晚播对棉花生长造成的差异,为垦区棉花品种选择、促早栽培提供数据支持和理论依据。【方法】选用陆地棉品种J206-5,选择4月14日、4月17日、4月20日、4月23日、4月26日5个播种时间,研究播期对棉花出苗、棉苗生长、生育期、农艺性状、产量性状、干物质量及纤维品质的影响。【结果】随播期推迟,棉花出苗率增加,出苗时间缩短,苗期株高、主根长、节位、茎粗、各器官干物质量减少,生育进程减缓,生育期延长,产量降低,生殖器官进入快速积累期的时间提前,快速积累期缩短,马克隆值和成熟度下降。【结论】在阿拉尔垦区,适宜播期为4月上中旬,不宜超过4月20日;3 d膜下5 cm日平均地温≥12℃可作为棉花播种的适宜温度指标,在此条件下早播的棉花生长优势明显,易于形成产量,提高棉花纤维品质,宜采用中熟品种,晚播宜采用熟性较早的品种。
中图分类号:
王文涛, 吴博, 邰红忠, 练文明, 戴翠荣, 李双江, 蒲艳梅. 新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1413-1422.
WANG Wentao, WU Bo, TAI Hongzhong, LIAN Wenming, DAI Cuirong, LI Shuangjiang, PU Yanmei. Effects of different sowing dates on cotton growth in aral reclamation area, Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1413-1422.
图1 出苗至第3片真叶展平的气温变化 注:HT 为最高温度,LT 为最低温度,MDT为平均温度,MST为膜下5 cm土壤平均温度
Fig.1 Temperature change from seedling emergence to 3-leaf stage Note: HT: The high temperature; LT: The low temperature; MDT: Mean daily temperature; MST: Mean soil temperature under film of 5 cm
处理 Treatm- ents | 出苗期 Emergence date (M/D) | 出苗天数 Duration (d) | 日均温度① Daily average temperature(℃) | 有效积温② Accumulation temperature(℃) | 出苗速率 Emergence speed (%) | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 4/26 | 12.0a | 19.9 | 95.2 | 8.3 | 84.9c |
T2 | 4/27 | 10.3b | 20.5 | 88.1 | 9.7 | 86.1c |
T3 | 4/29 | 9.3c | 20.9 | 83.4 | 10.7 | 88.9bc |
T4 | 5/1 | 8.7cd | 23.0 | 95.8 | 11.5 | 91.7ab |
T5 | 5/4 | 8d | 24.0 | 95.6 | 12.5 | 94.4a |
相关 系数 Correla- tion coeffi- cient | 出苗天数 | |||||
日均温度① | -0.901 1* | |||||
有效积温② | -0.061 1 | 0.483 5 | ||||
出苗速率 | -0.992 9** | 0.938 5* | 0.151 7 | |||
出苗率 | -0.943 7* | 0.978 6** | 0.334 7 | 0.974 2** |
表1 不同播期下棉花出苗变化
Tab.1 Effects of different sowing dates on seedling emergence of cotton
处理 Treatm- ents | 出苗期 Emergence date (M/D) | 出苗天数 Duration (d) | 日均温度① Daily average temperature(℃) | 有效积温② Accumulation temperature(℃) | 出苗速率 Emergence speed (%) | 出苗率 Emergence rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 4/26 | 12.0a | 19.9 | 95.2 | 8.3 | 84.9c |
T2 | 4/27 | 10.3b | 20.5 | 88.1 | 9.7 | 86.1c |
T3 | 4/29 | 9.3c | 20.9 | 83.4 | 10.7 | 88.9bc |
T4 | 5/1 | 8.7cd | 23.0 | 95.8 | 11.5 | 91.7ab |
T5 | 5/4 | 8d | 24.0 | 95.6 | 12.5 | 94.4a |
相关 系数 Correla- tion coeffi- cient | 出苗天数 | |||||
日均温度① | -0.901 1* | |||||
有效积温② | -0.061 1 | 0.483 5 | ||||
出苗速率 | -0.992 9** | 0.938 5* | 0.151 7 | |||
出苗率 | -0.943 7* | 0.978 6** | 0.334 7 | 0.974 2** |
处理 Treatm- ents | 时间 Time (M/D) | 时长 Duration (d) | ≥15℃有效积温 ≥15℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | 日均气温 Daily average temperature (℃) | 平均温差 Daily average temperature difference (℃) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 0-3 0-3 leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 0-3 0-3 leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 0-3 0-3 leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | |
T1 | 5/4 | 5/8 | 5/12 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 47.5 | 17 | 15.5 | 80 | 20.9 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 20 | 17 | 14.3 | 16.8 |
T2 | 5/6 | 5/10 | 5/14 | 8.7 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 17 | 47.8 | 14.2 | 33.8 | 95.8 | 20.5 | 17.9 | 23.7 | 20.5 | 17.2 | 14 | 19.7 |
T3 | 5/6 | 5/10 | 5/14 | 7.3 | 4 | 3.7 | 15.2 | 40.3 | 11.5 | 27.8 | 79.7 | 20.5 | 17.9 | 22.3 | 20 | 16.8 | 12.8 | 22.8 |
T4 | 5/8 | 5/14 | 5/18 | 7 | 5.7 | 4 | 16.7 | 31.8 | 37 | 14.3 | 83.2 | 19.6 | 21.6 | 18.6 | 20 | 14.9 | 18 | 11.7 |
T5 | 5/11 | 5/16 | 5/22 | 7.3 | 4.7 | 6 | 18 | 27.8 | 36.7 | 11 | 75.5 | 18.7 | 22.9 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 15 | 16 | 12.5 |
表2 不同处理下棉花3叶期出叶变化
Tab.2 Effects of different treatments on leaf emergence at 3-leaf stage of cotton
处理 Treatm- ents | 时间 Time (M/D) | 时长 Duration (d) | ≥15℃有效积温 ≥15℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | 日均气温 Daily average temperature (℃) | 平均温差 Daily average temperature difference (℃) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 0-3 0-3 leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 0-3 0-3 leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | 0-3 0-3 leaf | 1叶 1st leaf | 2叶 2nd leaf | 3叶 3rd leaf | |
T1 | 5/4 | 5/8 | 5/12 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 47.5 | 17 | 15.5 | 80 | 20.9 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 20 | 17 | 14.3 | 16.8 |
T2 | 5/6 | 5/10 | 5/14 | 8.7 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 17 | 47.8 | 14.2 | 33.8 | 95.8 | 20.5 | 17.9 | 23.7 | 20.5 | 17.2 | 14 | 19.7 |
T3 | 5/6 | 5/10 | 5/14 | 7.3 | 4 | 3.7 | 15.2 | 40.3 | 11.5 | 27.8 | 79.7 | 20.5 | 17.9 | 22.3 | 20 | 16.8 | 12.8 | 22.8 |
T4 | 5/8 | 5/14 | 5/18 | 7 | 5.7 | 4 | 16.7 | 31.8 | 37 | 14.3 | 83.2 | 19.6 | 21.6 | 18.6 | 20 | 14.9 | 18 | 11.7 |
T5 | 5/11 | 5/16 | 5/22 | 7.3 | 4.7 | 6 | 18 | 27.8 | 36.7 | 11 | 75.5 | 18.7 | 22.9 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 15 | 16 | 12.5 |
指标 Item | 株高 Plant height | 主根长 Taproot length | 节位 Node position | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 干物质量 Dry matter quality | 根冠比 Root shoot ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根 Root | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaves | |||||||
主根长 Taproot length | 0.13 | ||||||||
节位 Node position | 0.62* | 0.27 | |||||||
茎粗 Stem diameter | 0.65** | 0.39 | 0.77** | ||||||
干物质量 Dry matter quality | 根 Root | 0.64** | 0.36 | 0.83** | 0.78** | ||||
茎 Stem | 0.63** | 0.31 | 0.90** | 0.72** | 0.86** | ||||
叶 Leaves | 0.71** | 0.4 | 0.58* | 0.61* | 0.83** | 0.77** | |||
根冠比 Root shoot ratio | -0.24 | -0.25 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.16 | -0.3 | -0.65** | ||
有效积温 Accumulation temperature | 0.62* | 0.49 | 0.67** | 0.63** | 0.76** | 0.88** | 0.86** | -0.59* |
表3 不同处理下棉花5月25日生长变化
Tab.3 Cotton growth in different treatments on May 25
指标 Item | 株高 Plant height | 主根长 Taproot length | 节位 Node position | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 干物质量 Dry matter quality | 根冠比 Root shoot ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根 Root | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaves | |||||||
主根长 Taproot length | 0.13 | ||||||||
节位 Node position | 0.62* | 0.27 | |||||||
茎粗 Stem diameter | 0.65** | 0.39 | 0.77** | ||||||
干物质量 Dry matter quality | 根 Root | 0.64** | 0.36 | 0.83** | 0.78** | ||||
茎 Stem | 0.63** | 0.31 | 0.90** | 0.72** | 0.86** | ||||
叶 Leaves | 0.71** | 0.4 | 0.58* | 0.61* | 0.83** | 0.77** | |||
根冠比 Root shoot ratio | -0.24 | -0.25 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.16 | -0.3 | -0.65** | ||
有效积温 Accumulation temperature | 0.62* | 0.49 | 0.67** | 0.63** | 0.76** | 0.88** | 0.86** | -0.59* |
处理 Treat- ments | 出苗-现蕾 Emergence-Squaring | 现蕾-开花 Squaring-Flowering | 开花-吐絮 Flowering-Boll opening | 生育期 Growth duration (d) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date (M/D) | Duration (d) | ≥19℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | Date (M/D) | Duration (d) | ≥20℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | Date (M/D) | Duration (d) | ≥20℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | ||
T1 | 5/26 | 30.7c | 39 | 6/25 | 29.7a | 102.2 | 9/6 | 73.3a | 365.7 | 133.7c |
T2 | 6/1 | 35.3b | 52.3 | 6/28 | 27.0a | 100.2 | 9/8 | 72.0ab | 357.3 | 134.3bc |
T3 | 6/3 | 35.3b | 57.7 | 7/3 | 29.7a | 114.8 | 9/12 | 70.7b | 341.5 | 135.7abc |
T4 | 6/7 | 37.0b | 71.7 | 7/6 | 29.0a | 114.3 | 9/16 | 71.3ab | 328.2 | 137.3ab |
T5 | 6/12 | 39.7a | 88.7 | 7/9 | 26.7a | 115.8 | 9/19 | 72.0ab | 309.8 | 138.3a |
表4 不同处理下棉花生育期变化
Tab.4 Growth period of different treatments of cotton
处理 Treat- ments | 出苗-现蕾 Emergence-Squaring | 现蕾-开花 Squaring-Flowering | 开花-吐絮 Flowering-Boll opening | 生育期 Growth duration (d) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date (M/D) | Duration (d) | ≥19℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | Date (M/D) | Duration (d) | ≥20℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | Date (M/D) | Duration (d) | ≥20℃ Accumulation temperature (℃) | ||
T1 | 5/26 | 30.7c | 39 | 6/25 | 29.7a | 102.2 | 9/6 | 73.3a | 365.7 | 133.7c |
T2 | 6/1 | 35.3b | 52.3 | 6/28 | 27.0a | 100.2 | 9/8 | 72.0ab | 357.3 | 134.3bc |
T3 | 6/3 | 35.3b | 57.7 | 7/3 | 29.7a | 114.8 | 9/12 | 70.7b | 341.5 | 135.7abc |
T4 | 6/7 | 37.0b | 71.7 | 7/6 | 29.0a | 114.3 | 9/16 | 71.3ab | 328.2 | 137.3ab |
T5 | 6/12 | 39.7a | 88.7 | 7/9 | 26.7a | 115.8 | 9/19 | 72.0ab | 309.8 | 138.3a |
处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 叶龄 Leaf age | 第一果枝节位 First fruit branch node | 第一果枝节位高度 Height of the first fruit branch node | 果枝台数 Fruit branches number per plant | 大铃数 Big-boll number per plant | 小铃数 Small-boll number per plant | 叶枝铃数 Leafy branch bolls number per plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 92.7a | 15.3a | 5.2b | 17.5b | 10.6a | 10.4a | 0.8a | 1.4a |
T2 | 88.6ab | 14.7ab | 6.1ab | 24.3a | 8.7b | 9.7ab | 1.1a | 1.3a |
T3 | 89.3ab | 14.1b | 5.8ab | 23.3ab | 8.7b | 9.3ab | 1.1a | 1.2a |
T4 | 88.2ab | 14.2b | 6.6a | 24.4a | 8.3bc | 8.7ab | 1.7a | 1.4a |
T5 | 85.2b | 13.2c | 6.7a | 28.8a | 7.1c | 8.4b | 1.4a | 0.9a |
表5 不同处理下棉花农艺性状变化
Tab.5 Agronomic characters of different treatments of cotton
处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 叶龄 Leaf age | 第一果枝节位 First fruit branch node | 第一果枝节位高度 Height of the first fruit branch node | 果枝台数 Fruit branches number per plant | 大铃数 Big-boll number per plant | 小铃数 Small-boll number per plant | 叶枝铃数 Leafy branch bolls number per plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 92.7a | 15.3a | 5.2b | 17.5b | 10.6a | 10.4a | 0.8a | 1.4a |
T2 | 88.6ab | 14.7ab | 6.1ab | 24.3a | 8.7b | 9.7ab | 1.1a | 1.3a |
T3 | 89.3ab | 14.1b | 5.8ab | 23.3ab | 8.7b | 9.3ab | 1.1a | 1.2a |
T4 | 88.2ab | 14.2b | 6.6a | 24.4a | 8.3bc | 8.7ab | 1.7a | 1.4a |
T5 | 85.2b | 13.2c | 6.7a | 28.8a | 7.1c | 8.4b | 1.4a | 0.9a |
处理 Treatments | 株数 Plant number (105 plants/hm2) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 单株铃数 Boll number per plant | 吐絮率 Boll opening percentage (%) | 烂铃率 Rate of rotted boll (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1.85a | 7 280a | 5.6a | 42.1a | 7.4a | 99.0c | 1.5a |
T2 | 1.92a | 7 245a | 5.5a | 42.2a | 6.9ab | 98.3c | 1.5a |
T3 | 2.01a | 6 985a | 5.6a | 40.8b | 6.6ab | 96.8bc | 1.8a |
T4 | 2.10a | 6 240ab | 5.6a | 40.5bc | 5.7bc | 95.0b | 1.8a |
T5 | 2.11a | 5 475b | 5.6a | 39.9c | 4.9c | 91.3a | 2.1a |
表6 不同处理下棉花产量性状变化
Tab.6 Yield characters of different treatments of cotton
处理 Treatments | 株数 Plant number (105 plants/hm2) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 单株铃数 Boll number per plant | 吐絮率 Boll opening percentage (%) | 烂铃率 Rate of rotted boll (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1.85a | 7 280a | 5.6a | 42.1a | 7.4a | 99.0c | 1.5a |
T2 | 1.92a | 7 245a | 5.5a | 42.2a | 6.9ab | 98.3c | 1.5a |
T3 | 2.01a | 6 985a | 5.6a | 40.8b | 6.6ab | 96.8bc | 1.8a |
T4 | 2.10a | 6 240ab | 5.6a | 40.5bc | 5.7bc | 95.0b | 1.8a |
T5 | 2.11a | 5 475b | 5.6a | 39.9c | 4.9c | 91.3a | 2.1a |
处理 Treatments | 方程 Equation | t0 (d) | t1 (d) | t2 (d) | △t (d) | Vm (g/d) | GT (g) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | Y=86.224 1/(1+e(13.181 3-0.104 279 t) ) | 126.38 | 113.75 | 139.01 | 25.25 | 2.25 | 56.78 | 0.992 |
T2 | Y=78.851 7/ (1+e(13.698 7-0.112 301 t ) ) | 121.98 | 110.26 | 133.71 | 23.45 | 2.21 | 51.92 | 0.974 5 |
T3 | Y=72.597 2/ (1+e(14.327 5-0.123 579 t ) ) | 115.92 | 105.26 | 126.57 | 21.31 | 2.24 | 47.80 | 0.963 8 |
T4 | Y=67.419 1/ (1+e(15.328 4-0.136 954 t ) ) | 111.89 | 102.27 | 121.50 | 19.23 | 2.31 | 44.39 | 0.968 |
T5 | Y=64.704 6/ (1+e(14.435 6-0.129 214 t ) ) | 111.73 | 101.54 | 121.92 | 20.39 | 2.09 | 42.61 | 0.993 5 |
表7 不同处理下棉花生殖器官干物质量变化
Tab.7 Dry matter quality of reproductive organs in different treatments of cotton
处理 Treatments | 方程 Equation | t0 (d) | t1 (d) | t2 (d) | △t (d) | Vm (g/d) | GT (g) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | Y=86.224 1/(1+e(13.181 3-0.104 279 t) ) | 126.38 | 113.75 | 139.01 | 25.25 | 2.25 | 56.78 | 0.992 |
T2 | Y=78.851 7/ (1+e(13.698 7-0.112 301 t ) ) | 121.98 | 110.26 | 133.71 | 23.45 | 2.21 | 51.92 | 0.974 5 |
T3 | Y=72.597 2/ (1+e(14.327 5-0.123 579 t ) ) | 115.92 | 105.26 | 126.57 | 21.31 | 2.24 | 47.80 | 0.963 8 |
T4 | Y=67.419 1/ (1+e(15.328 4-0.136 954 t ) ) | 111.89 | 102.27 | 121.50 | 19.23 | 2.31 | 44.39 | 0.968 |
T5 | Y=64.704 6/ (1+e(14.435 6-0.129 214 t ) ) | 111.73 | 101.54 | 121.92 | 20.39 | 2.09 | 42.61 | 0.993 5 |
处理 Treatments | 上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length (mm) | 断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (cN/tex) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 成熟度 Maturity (%) | 整齐度 Uniformity (%) | 断裂伸长率 Breaking elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 31.16a | 29.01a | 4.29a | 86.07a | 84.74a | 6.73a |
T2 | 31.24a | 28.78a | 4.06ab | 85.57ab | 84.54a | 6.32a |
T3 | 31.88a | 28.49a | 4.08ab | 85.9ab | 83.90a | 6.41a |
T4 | 31.38a | 29.20a | 4.03ab | 85.34b | 83.93a | 6.27a |
T5 | 31.21a | 28.53a | 3.80b | 83.51c | 84.88a | 6.32a |
表8 不同处理下棉花纤维品质
Tab.8 Cotton fiber quality of different treatments
处理 Treatments | 上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length (mm) | 断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (cN/tex) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 成熟度 Maturity (%) | 整齐度 Uniformity (%) | 断裂伸长率 Breaking elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 31.16a | 29.01a | 4.29a | 86.07a | 84.74a | 6.73a |
T2 | 31.24a | 28.78a | 4.06ab | 85.57ab | 84.54a | 6.32a |
T3 | 31.88a | 28.49a | 4.08ab | 85.9ab | 83.90a | 6.41a |
T4 | 31.38a | 29.20a | 4.03ab | 85.34b | 83.93a | 6.27a |
T5 | 31.21a | 28.53a | 3.80b | 83.51c | 84.88a | 6.32a |
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