新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 818-826.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.005
• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇 下一篇
汪振国1(), 马媛媛2, 王西娜1, 刘少泉1, 古超峰1, 姬强1()
收稿日期:
2021-08-19
出版日期:
2022-04-20
发布日期:
2022-04-24
通信作者:
姬强
作者简介:
汪振国(1993-),男,甘肃通渭人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养与农业资源利用,(E-mail) 1909590253@qq.com
基金资助:
WANG Zhenguo1(), MA Yuanyuan2, WANG Xina1, LIU Shaoquan1, GU Chaofeng1, JI Qiang1()
Received:
2021-08-19
Online:
2022-04-20
Published:
2022-04-24
Correspondence author:
JI Qiang
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究生物炭输入对土壤有机碳和玉米生长的影响。【方法】以无外源碳输入处理为对照(CK),研究不同外源碳(秸秆及其生物炭)等碳量输入条件下(秸秆1%-Str1.0、秸秆3%-Str3.0、秸秆10%-Str10.0;生物炭0.8%-BC0.8、生物炭2.4%-BC2.4、生物炭8.0%-BC8.0),对土壤含水率、土壤有机碳含量、玉米叶绿素度、净光合速率及产量的影响规律。【结果】较CK处理,输入生物炭显著增加了玉米抽叶期、拔节期、开花期、成熟期的土壤含水率,增幅分别为0.38%3.64%、1.57%15.57%、0.37%3.88%,差异性显著(P<0.05);生物炭输入后,玉米不同生育期土壤有机碳含量增加了72.21%99.45%,而秸秆碳输入,则使得玉米不同生育期土壤有机碳含量分别增加了30.78%41.38%;生物炭输入对玉米叶绿素度(SPAD)在开花期和成熟期分别较CK处理提高13.33%、0.07%。玉米不同生育期净光合速率相较CK处理提高了15.99%29.11%,且以开花期的增幅最大。生物炭少量和适量输入(BC0.8和BC2.4)条件下,玉米产量较CK处理分别提高15.71%和18.80%。【结论】向土壤中输入生物炭BC0.8和Str10.0可以有效的培肥土壤,促进玉米生长和提高产量。
中图分类号:
汪振国, 马媛媛, 王西娜, 刘少泉, 古超峰, 姬强. 生物炭输入对土壤有机碳和玉米生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 818-826.
WANG Zhenguo, MA Yuanyuan, WANG Xina, LIU Shaoquan, GU Chaofeng, JI Qiang. Effects of Biochar Input on Soil Organic Carbon and Maize Growth[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 818-826.
处理 Treatments | 抽叶期 Leaf development | 拔节期 Stem elongation | 开花期 Flowering | 成熟期 Ripening |
---|---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 13.99±0.94 deC | 12.27±0.96dD | 15.03±0.28bcB | 19.61±0.59cdA |
BC2.4 | 14.46±1.34cdB | 12.65±0.84dD | 13.47±1.14cdC | 22.70±0.54bA |
BC8.0 | 17.24±1.24bC | 25.81±2.58bA | 14.78±1.75cdD | 23.12±0.91bcB |
Str1.0 | 15.06±0.69 bcC | 11.88±1.14deD | 15.24±0.47bB | 22.33±1.61bcA |
Str3.0 | 15.76±0.62bcB | 14.54±2.32cC | 13.38±0.15eD | 19.35±0.48cdA |
Str10.0 | 29.87±1.22aB | 31.36±0.74aC | 19.74±0.59 aD | 34.90±0.76aA |
CK | 13.61±0.36deC | 10.70±1.41efD | 15.28±0.22bcB | 19.24±0.42deA |
表1 玉米不同时期土壤含水率变化
Table 1 Soil moisture content in different stages of maize (%)
处理 Treatments | 抽叶期 Leaf development | 拔节期 Stem elongation | 开花期 Flowering | 成熟期 Ripening |
---|---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 13.99±0.94 deC | 12.27±0.96dD | 15.03±0.28bcB | 19.61±0.59cdA |
BC2.4 | 14.46±1.34cdB | 12.65±0.84dD | 13.47±1.14cdC | 22.70±0.54bA |
BC8.0 | 17.24±1.24bC | 25.81±2.58bA | 14.78±1.75cdD | 23.12±0.91bcB |
Str1.0 | 15.06±0.69 bcC | 11.88±1.14deD | 15.24±0.47bB | 22.33±1.61bcA |
Str3.0 | 15.76±0.62bcB | 14.54±2.32cC | 13.38±0.15eD | 19.35±0.48cdA |
Str10.0 | 29.87±1.22aB | 31.36±0.74aC | 19.74±0.59 aD | 34.90±0.76aA |
CK | 13.61±0.36deC | 10.70±1.41efD | 15.28±0.22bcB | 19.24±0.42deA |
处理 Treatments | 抽叶期 Leaf development | 开花期 Flowering | 成熟期 Fuit development stage |
---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 42.63±2.34cA | 35.47±2.63efB | 26.03±1.59bcC |
BC2.4 | 46.23±1.81aA | 36.73±2.40cdB | 25.70±1.65cdC |
BC8.0 | 44.20±1.04bA | 33.67±1.70aB | 25.37±1.01eC |
Str1.0 | 44.17±2.33bc | 35.57±1.40de | 27.23±1.67b |
Str3.0 | 44.27±2.66bA | 36.10±1.97dB | 24.20±1.59efC |
Str10.0 | 26.40±1.66eC | 45.80±1.91aA | 41.13±2.68aAB |
CK | 44.23±2.19cdA | 38.87±0.32bB | 25.50±1.65deC |
表2 不同处理的叶绿素含量变化
Table 2 Chlorophyll content of different treatments
处理 Treatments | 抽叶期 Leaf development | 开花期 Flowering | 成熟期 Fuit development stage |
---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 42.63±2.34cA | 35.47±2.63efB | 26.03±1.59bcC |
BC2.4 | 46.23±1.81aA | 36.73±2.40cdB | 25.70±1.65cdC |
BC8.0 | 44.20±1.04bA | 33.67±1.70aB | 25.37±1.01eC |
Str1.0 | 44.17±2.33bc | 35.57±1.40de | 27.23±1.67b |
Str3.0 | 44.27±2.66bA | 36.10±1.97dB | 24.20±1.59efC |
Str10.0 | 26.40±1.66eC | 45.80±1.91aA | 41.13±2.68aAB |
CK | 44.23±2.19cdA | 38.87±0.32bB | 25.50±1.65deC |
处理 Treatments | 抽叶期 Leaf development | 开花期 Flowering | 成熟期 Fuit development stage |
---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 12.43±1.28bcC | 32.65±0.95bcA | 27.40±0.56cdB |
BC2.4 | 14.60±0.56aC | 36.40±0.73aA | 31.73±0.62bB |
BC8.0 | 14.03±0.28abC | 34.68±0.48bA | 33.83±0.25aB |
Str1.0 | 12.23±0.38cdC | 29.28±0.87cdB | 30.25±0.37bcA |
Str3.0 | 10.90±0.16fC | 26.75±0.49deB | 29.38±0.64bcA |
Str10.0 | 11.33±0.42efC | 17.93±0.59gB | 21.90±0.68fA |
CK | 11.80±0.14deC | 22.53±0.64fB | 24.00±0.66deA |
表3 不同处理的净光合速率变化
Table 3 Net photosynthetic rate of different treatments (μ mol/(m2·s))
处理 Treatments | 抽叶期 Leaf development | 开花期 Flowering | 成熟期 Fuit development stage |
---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 12.43±1.28bcC | 32.65±0.95bcA | 27.40±0.56cdB |
BC2.4 | 14.60±0.56aC | 36.40±0.73aA | 31.73±0.62bB |
BC8.0 | 14.03±0.28abC | 34.68±0.48bA | 33.83±0.25aB |
Str1.0 | 12.23±0.38cdC | 29.28±0.87cdB | 30.25±0.37bcA |
Str3.0 | 10.90±0.16fC | 26.75±0.49deB | 29.38±0.64bcA |
Str10.0 | 11.33±0.42efC | 17.93±0.59gB | 21.90±0.68fA |
CK | 11.80±0.14deC | 22.53±0.64fB | 24.00±0.66deA |
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content | 有机碳含量 Organic carbon content | SPAD | 净光合速率 Net photosyn thetic rate | 玉米产量 Corn yield | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤含水量Soil moisture content | 1.00 | ||||
有机碳含量Organic carbon content | 0.155 | 1.00 | |||
SPAD | 0.955** | 0.170 | 1.00 | ||
净光合速率Net photosynthetic rate | -0.730 | 0.425 | -0.663 | 1.00 | |
玉米产量Corn yield | -0.784* | -0.233 | -0.817* | 0.642 | 1.00 |
表4 土壤指标与玉米指标之间相关性
Table 4 correlation between soil index and Maize Index
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content | 有机碳含量 Organic carbon content | SPAD | 净光合速率 Net photosyn thetic rate | 玉米产量 Corn yield | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤含水量Soil moisture content | 1.00 | ||||
有机碳含量Organic carbon content | 0.155 | 1.00 | |||
SPAD | 0.955** | 0.170 | 1.00 | ||
净光合速率Net photosynthetic rate | -0.730 | 0.425 | -0.663 | 1.00 | |
玉米产量Corn yield | -0.784* | -0.233 | -0.817* | 0.642 | 1.00 |
处理 Treatments | 主成分F1 Main component F1 | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 主成分F2 Main component F2 | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 得分 Score | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 0.26 | -0.62 | 0.50 | 2 | ||
BC2.4 | -0.78 | 0.19 | -0.46 | 7 | ||
BC8.0 | -0.36 | 2.01 | 0.29 | 3 | ||
Str1.0 | -0.36 | 66.19 | -0.40 | 26.11 | -0.40 | 5 |
Str3.0 | -0.41 | -0.27 | -0.43 | 6 | ||
Str10.0 | 2.20 | 0.20 | 1.30 | 1 | ||
CK | 0.04 | -1.12 | -0.14 | 4 |
表5 各处理间主成分
Table 5 Principal component analysis of each treatment
处理 Treatments | 主成分F1 Main component F1 | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 主成分F2 Main component F2 | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 得分 Score | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BC0.8 | 0.26 | -0.62 | 0.50 | 2 | ||
BC2.4 | -0.78 | 0.19 | -0.46 | 7 | ||
BC8.0 | -0.36 | 2.01 | 0.29 | 3 | ||
Str1.0 | -0.36 | 66.19 | -0.40 | 26.11 | -0.40 | 5 |
Str3.0 | -0.41 | -0.27 | -0.43 | 6 | ||
Str10.0 | 2.20 | 0.20 | 1.30 | 1 | ||
CK | 0.04 | -1.12 | -0.14 | 4 |
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