不同浓度叶面肥处理对设施冬枣光合特性和果实品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究拱棚栽培条件下喷施不同浓度的叶面肥对冬枣光合特性及品质的影响。【方法】 采用小区试验,供试品种为拱棚栽培冬枣。设置4个处理,分别为“双吉儿-GGR”处理浓度0.01、0.005、0.002 5 g/L,清水喷施为对照,对冬枣进行不同浓度叶面肥喷施处理。【结果】 (1)叶面肥喷施较低浓度均能使冬枣叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)显著提高,而胞间 CO₂浓度(Ci)显著低于对照;高浓度处理下冬枣叶片Pn显著高于对照,Tr显著降低,Gs和Ci与对照无显著性差异;冬枣叶片的光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、最大净光合速率(Pmax)、表观量子效率(AQY)随着处理浓度的减少呈先增加后降低的趋势。(2)冬枣的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ光化学淬灭系数(qP)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)与非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)随着叶面肥浓度的减少呈先增加后降低的趋势,而非光化学淬灭系数(qN)变化趋势与之相反。(3)叶面肥处理后提高了枣果的单果重、果实纵横径,增加了还原糖、总糖、蔗糖含量,而VC含量均有降低,0.005 g/L浓度处理下总酸含量相比于对照增加。【结论】 叶面喷施适宜浓度叶面肥可以增强冬枣光合作用,并改善冬枣果实品质;0.005 g/L浓度叶面肥效果最好。

关键词: 冬枣; 叶面肥; 光合特性; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of spraying different concentrations of foliar fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and quality of winter jujube under the condition of arched shed cultivation. 【Methods】 The winter jujube was treated with different concentrations of foliar fertilizer in different plot experiments. 【Results】 (1) the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO₂ of winter jujube leaves increased significantly when foliar fertilizer was applied at lower concentration.The concentration (Ci) of winter jujube leaves was significantly lower than that of the control; PN of winter jujube leaves under high concentration treatment was significantly higher than that of the control, TR was significantly reduced, Gs and Ci had no significant difference with the control; LSP, LCP, Pmax and AQY of winter jujube leaves increased first and then decreased with the decrease of treatment concentration.(2) The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm), the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the apparent electron transfer rate (ETR) and the non photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of winter jujube increased first and then decreased with the decrease of foliar fertilizer concentration, but the non photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) changed in the opposite direction.(3) The treatment of foliar fertilizer increased the weight of single fruit, the vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit, increased the content of reducing sugar, total sugar and sucrose, while the content of vitamin C decreased.The total acid content of 0.005 g/L treatment increased compared with the control, which might be some acid substances that had not been transformed in time. 【Conclusion】 Spraying suitable concentration of foliar fertilizer enhances photosynthesis and improves fruit quality of winter jujube and the concentration of 0.005 g/L achieves the best effect for improving its photosynthesis and fruit quality.

Key words: winter jujube; foliar fertilizer; photosynthetic characteristics; quality

中图分类号:

S665.1

王振东, 陈奇凌, 郑强卿, 王晶晶, 王文军. 不同浓度叶面肥处理对设施冬枣光合特性和果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 396-402.

WANG Zhendong, CHEN Qiling, ZHENG Qiangqing, WANG Jingjing, WANG Wenjun. Effects of Different Concentrations of Foliar Fertilizer Treatment on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Protected Chinese Winter Jujube[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 396-402.

图/表 6

参考文献 17

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处理 Treatment	Pn	Gs	Ci	Tr
CK	10.458±0.283^c	0.180±0.011^c	263.554±2.679^a	4.119±0.106^b
T₁	11.601±0.134^b	0.182±0.012^c	238.100±0.907^b	4.235±0.116^b
T₂	13.185±0.136^a	0.191±0.004^a	201.810±2.403^c	5.762±0.146^a
T₃	12.908±0.134^a	0.187±0.003^b	202.929±1.949^c	5.589±0.113^a

处理 Treatment	Pn	Gs	Ci	Tr
CK	10.458±0.283^c	0.180±0.011^c	263.554±2.679^a	4.119±0.106^b
T₁	11.601±0.134^b	0.182±0.012^c	238.100±0.907^b	4.235±0.116^b
T₂	13.185±0.136^a	0.191±0.004^a	201.810±2.403^c	5.762±0.146^a
T₃	12.908±0.134^a	0.187±0.003^b	202.929±1.949^c	5.589±0.113^a

处理 Treatment	光饱和点LSP μmol/(m²·s)	最大净光合速率Amax μmol/(m²·s)	光补偿点LCP μmol/(m²·s)	表观光量子效率AQY mol/(m²·s)
CK	1 421	13.63	40.55	0.047 7
T₁	1 428	13.69	37.44	0.048 5
T₂	1 500	14.82	45.88	0.051 4
T₃	1 437	15.22	39.05	0.049 7

处理 Treatment	光饱和点LSP μmol/(m²·s)	最大净光合速率Amax μmol/(m²·s)	光补偿点LCP μmol/(m²·s)	表观光量子效率AQY mol/(m²·s)
CK	1 421	13.63	40.55	0.047 7
T₁	1 428	13.69	37.44	0.048 5
T₂	1 500	14.82	45.88	0.051 4
T₃	1 437	15.22	39.05	0.049 7

处理Treatment	F₀	F_m	F_v/F_m
CK	344.557±7.005^c	1 752.791±65.289^c	0.803±0.004^c
T₁	352.456±4.975^ab	1 887.629±42.458^b	0.810±0.003^bc
T₂	359.251±1.631^a	2 021.686±48.333^a	0.821±0.004^a
T₃	347.765±2.714^bc	1 918.145±54.329^b	0.817±0.004^ab