水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.07.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1187-1196.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.07.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

尔晨¹, 林涛^2,3,4, 王家勇¹, 徐彦军¹, 徐高羽¹, 夏文¹, 汤秋香¹

1.新疆农业大学农学院／棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052;
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081;
4.农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

收稿日期:2020-05-14 发布日期:2021-07-27
通信作者: 汤秋香(1980-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,教授,博士,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)tangqiuxiang2004_2@163.com
作者简介:尔晨(1995-),男,天津人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)1193270894@qq.com
基金资助:
农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NYBXBLZ201802, NYBXBLZ201704);自治区“优秀青年科技人才”项目;自治区天山英才工程项目;新疆农业大学作物学重点学科项目(XCDKY2018025)

Effects of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components under Different Irrigation and Fertilization Treatments

ER Chen¹, LIN Tao^2,3,4, WANG Jiayong¹, XU Yanjun¹, XU Gaoyu¹, XIA Wen¹, TANG Qiuxiang¹

1. Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
4. Key Lab of Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oasis Region of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2020-05-14 Published:2021-07-27
Correspondence author: TANG Qiuxiang(1980 - ), female, from Urumqi, Xinjiang, professor, research field: Farmland ecological environment,(E-mail)tangqiuxiang2004_2@163.com
Supported by:
The earmarked fund for Research Funds for Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis, MOA (NYBXBLZ201802, NYBXBLZ201704); The program for Young scientific and Technological Talents; The special fund for Tianshan Scholars; The program for Key Discipline Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University (XCDKY2018025)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累及产量影响。【方法】大田试验采用裂区试验设计,设置灌溉量与施肥量2个调控因子,其中灌溉量为主区,施肥量为副区,均设置3个梯度,灌溉量依次为2 250(低灌量)、3 450(中灌量,传统经验灌溉量CK)、4 650 m³/hm²,(高灌溉量)分别以W₁、W₂和W₃表示;施肥量(折合纯氮)依次为0(空白)、300(中等施氮量,传统经验施氮量CK)、600 kg/hm²(高施氮量,200%CK),分别以N₁、N₂和N₃表示。【结果】灌溉量和施肥量对植株生长和产量构成有一定促进作用,提高灌溉量和施肥量均能显著提高株高、叶片数和结铃率。在对干物质积累方面提高灌溉量可显著提高干物质积累总量,而提高施肥量主要促进了干物质更早的向经济器官积累。通过提高灌溉量可增产23.2%~31.4%,通过增施氮肥可显著增产12.5%~17.6%。【结论】水氮耦合对棉花单铃重、籽棉产量和皮棉产量均有显著的调控作用。水氮优化策略能够提高资源利用效率,降低水肥投入,产量稳定。

关键词: 机采棉; 水氮耦合; 产量; 干物质积累

Abstract: 【Objective】 Effects of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components under Different Irrigation and Fertilization Treatments.【Method】 The field test was designed with split zone test, and two regulating factors of irrigation and fertilization were set up. Among them, irrigation was the main area, fertilization is the secondary area, all of which had three gradients: the irrigation amount 2,250 m³/hm²(non-sufficientirrigation amount), 3,450 m³/hm²(medium irrigation amount, traditional experience irrigation amount CK), 4,650 m³/hm², (saturatedirrigation amount) denoted by W₁,W₂ and W₃, respectively. The deputy area of nitrogen (pure N), 0(N₁, no fertilizer), 300(N₂, conventional fertilization, CK), 600(N₃, excess fertilization, 200% CK).【Result】 Irrigation amount and fertilizer application amount could promote plant growth and yield composition to some extent, and the increase of irrigation amount and fertilizer application amount could significantly increase plant height, leaf number and boll setting rate. In terms of dry matter accumulation, increasing the amount of irrigation could significantly increase the total amount of dry matter accumulation, and increasing the amount of fertilization mainly promoted the earlier accumulation of dry matter into economic organs. The yield increased by 23.2% - 31.4% by increasing irrigation and 12.5% - 17.6% by increasing nitrogen fertilizer.【Conclusion】 It was found that the coupling effect of water and nitrogen had significant effects on the single boll weight, seed cotton yield and lint yield of cotton. That water and nitrogen optimization strategies can improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce water and fertilizer input, and maintain the stability of yield.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels; yield; dry matter accumulation

中图分类号:

S562

尔晨, 林涛, 王家勇, 徐彦军, 徐高羽, 夏文, 汤秋香. 水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(7): 1187-1196.

ER Chen, LIN Tao, WANG Jiayong, XU Yanjun, XU Gaoyu, XIA Wen, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components under Different Irrigation and Fertilization Treatments[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(7): 1187-1196.

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水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components under Different Irrigation and Fertilization Treatments

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