氮肥减施对滴灌棉田NH3挥发及棉花养分吸收和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究氮肥减施对滴灌棉田NH₃挥发及养分利用和产量的影响。【方法】 采用田间试验,设置5个处理:(1)对照(不施氮肥,CK),(2)常规化肥(习惯施氮300 kg/hm²,T₃₀₀),(3)常规化肥减氮20%(240 kg/hm²,T₂₄₀),(4)酸性液体肥减氮20%(240 kg/hm²,L₂₄₀),(5)酸性液体肥减氮35%(200 kg/hm²,L₂₀₀)。【结果】 减氮处理(T₂₄₀、L₂₄₀、L₂₀₀)土壤NH₃挥发损失较T₃₀₀处理分别降低31.1%、73.4%、78.8%。在同一减氮水平下,L₂₄₀处理NH₃挥发累积量较T₂₄₀处理降低61.4%。T₂₄₀和L₂₄₀处理氮素吸收量显著优于T₃₀₀处理,较T₃₀₀处理分别增加了9.1%和12.6%。L₂₄₀处理棉花磷素吸收量最高,较其它处理提高了11.7%~17.7%。T₂₄₀和L₂₄₀处理棉花产量显著高于T₃₀₀处理,分别增加9.6%和12.6%。与T₃₀₀处理相比,各减氮处理均可提高棉花氮肥利用率,其中氮肥表观利用率增加20.1%~24.9%。【结论】 酸性液体肥减氮20%显著降低滴灌棉田土壤NH₃挥发损失,促进棉花氮磷素养分吸收,提高棉花产量和氮肥利用率。

关键词: 氮肥减施; 滴灌棉田; NH₃挥发; 养分吸收; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the nitrogen fertilizer reduction on NH₃ volatilization, nutrient use and cotton yield in drip-irrigated cotton field.【Methods】 The experiment consisted of 5 fertilization treatments: control (no N fertilization, CK), farmer conventional fertilization (300 kg/hm², T₃₀₀), conventional fertilization N reduced by 20% (240 kg/hm², T₂₄₀), acid liquid fertilizer N reduced by 20% (240 kg/hm², L₂₄₀), acid liquid fertilizer N reduced by 35% (200 kg/hm², L₂₀₀).【Result】 The volatilization loss of soil NH₃ in nitrogen reduction treatment (T₂₄₀, L₂₄₀, L₂₀₀) was 31.1%, 73.4% and 78.8% lower than that in T₃₀₀ treatment, respectively. At the same N application level, NH₃ volatilization accumulation in L₂₄₀ treatment was 61.4% lower than that in T₂₄₀ treatment. The nitrogen uptake of T₂₄₀ and L₂₄₀ treatments was significantly better than that of T₃₀₀ treatment, which increased by 9.1% and 12.6%, respectively, compared with T₃₀₀ treatment. The phosphorus uptake of cotton treated with L₂₄₀ was the highest in each treatment, which was 11.7%-17.7% higher than those of other treatments. The yields of cotton in T₂₄₀ and L₂₄₀ treatments were significantly higher than that in the T₃₀₀ treatment, which increased by 9.6% and 12.6%, respectively. Compared with T₃₀₀ treatment, each nitrogen reduction treatment improved the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of cotton, in which the apparent nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased by 20.1% to 24.9%.【Conclusion】 Acid liquid fertilizer N reduced by 20% significantly reduced NH₃ volatilization loss, promoted nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in cotton and increased cotton yield and fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: nitrogen reduction; drip-irrigated cotton field; NH₃ volatilization; nutrient uptake; yield

中图分类号:

S562
S14

王方斌, 刘凯, 孙嘉璘, 殷星, 侯振安. 氮肥减施对滴灌棉田NH₃挥发及棉花养分吸收和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(9): 1746-1753.

WANG Fangbin, LIU Kai, SUN Jialin, YIN Xin, HOU Zhenan. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on NH₃ Volatilization, Nutrient Uptake and Cotton Yield in Drip-irrigated Cotton Fields[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(9): 1746-1753.

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氮肥减施对滴灌棉田NH₃挥发及棉花养分吸收和产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on NH₃ Volatilization, Nutrient Uptake and Cotton Yield in Drip-irrigated Cotton Fields

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