商品有机肥替代部分化肥对玉米生长、产量及土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究商品有机肥替代部分化肥施用后对玉米生长、产量、土壤肥力及经济效益的影响,为玉米生产中有机肥替代部分化肥的应用提供可行性依据。【方法】设3个处理,不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(NPK)、有机肥替代部分化肥(MNPK)(等养分条件下,氮、磷和钾替代比例分别为10.0%、18.3%和15.0%),设田间小区试验与室内分析。【结果】商品有机肥替代部分化肥(MNPK)较常规施肥(NPK)和不施肥(CK),提高了玉米各生育期株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶片SPAD值;改善了玉米的穗部性状和产量构成;玉米产量增加83.47%、14.94%,净收益增加419.58元/hm²;土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别增加13.08%～39.29%、71.97%～95.70%、13.29%～45.13%、20.00%～23.26%,提高含水量,降低土壤pH和土壤容重。【结论】商品有机肥替代部分化肥是促进玉米生长、增产增效和培肥土壤的一种经济可行的施肥方法。

关键词: 玉米; 有机肥替代; 生长; 产量; 土壤肥力; 经济效益

Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of commercial fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on the maize growth,yield,soil fertility and economic benefits in the hope of providing a feasible basis for its the application in maize production. 【Method】Three treatments were set up,no fertilization control (CK),conventional fertilization (NPK),commercial organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (MNPK) based on equivalent N,P,K rate,in which the chemical N,P and K replacement ratios were 10.0%,18.3%,and 15.0%,respectively,and after that, the field plot experiments and indoor analysis were carried out. 【Result】The substitution of commercial organic fertilizer for part of chemical fertilizer (MNPK) increased the plant height, basal stem diameter, leaf number and leaf SPAD value of maize at different growth stages compared with conventional fertilization (NPK) and non-fertilization control (CK). The ear traits and yield components of maize were improved effectively. Maize yield increased by 83.47%,net income increased by 419.58 yuan/hm². The contents of soil alkaline N,available P,available K and organic matter increased by 13.08%-39.29%,71.97%-95.70%,13.29%-45.13% and 20.00%-23.26%, respectively. Finally, the soil moisture, soil pH and soil bulk density decreased. 【Conclusion】Replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is an economical and feasible fertilization method for promoting maize growth,increasing yield and lifting efficiency and fertilizing soil.

Key words: maize; organic fertilizer replacement; growth; yield; soil fertility; economic benefits

中图分类号:

S147
S513

何浩, 危常州, 李俊华, 张宇彤. 商品有机肥替代部分化肥对玉米生长、产量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(2): 325-332.

HE Hao, WEI Chang－zhou, LI Jun－hua, ZHANG Yu－tong. Effects of Commercial Organic Fertilizer Replacing Partial Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Growth,Yield and Soil Fertility[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(2): 325-332.

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