减施氮肥对北疆滴灌棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.015

新疆农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 120-129.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.015

• 棉花化肥农药减施研究专刊 • 上一篇下一篇

减施氮肥对北疆滴灌棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

文明,李鹏兵,王乐,李明华,刘扬,马富裕

石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态重点实验室,新疆石河子,832003

出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
通信作者: 刘扬(1989-), 女,青海人, 讲师, 博士研究生, 研究方向为作物营养与精准栽培, (E-mail)ly.0318@163.com
马富裕(1967-), 男, 甘肃环县人, 教授, 博士, 研究方向为作物水肥一体化精准栽培, (E-mail)1469633844@qq.com
作者简介:文明 (1995-), 重庆人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为作物营养与精准栽培, (E-mail)wmalaer@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201900);国家自然科学基金-地区基金(31860346);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSX2018B09);石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态重点实验室开放课题发展基金(201802)

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton under Drip Irrigation in Northern Xinjiang

WEN Ming, LI Peng-bing, WANG Le, LI Ming-hua, LIU Yang, MA Fu-yu

Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China

Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20
Correspondence author: Corresponding author: Liu Yang (1989-), female, native place: Qinghai, lecturer, doctoral student, Research field: Crop Nutrition and Precision Cultivation, (E-mail) ly.0318@163.com
Ma Fu-yu (1967-), male, native place: Gansu, professor, doctoral student, Research field: Precision Cultivation of Crop Water and Fertilizer Integration, (E-mail) 1469633844@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 减氮栽培条件下,北疆滴灌棉花干物质分配动态及产量形成的规律,寻求最佳施氮量。【方法】 供试棉花品种为鲁棉研24,设置4个不同施氮水平,分别为506(N1),402.5(N2),299(N3)和195.5 kg/hm²(N4),分析减施氮肥对北疆滴灌棉花干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】 在N3处理下,干物质快速积累期时间持续最长,为42 d,分别比N1、N2和 N4处理多15、19和15 d。N3处理下,干物质积累最大速率Vm最小,分别比N1、N2和N4处理低13.3%、24.2%和10.74%;N3处理营养器官干物质积累最大速率Vm和生殖器官干物质积累速率Vm均达到最大,其中N3处理营养器官干物质积累最大积累速率Vm分别比N1、N2和N4处理高35.92%、3.48%和0.67%。N3处理生殖器官干物质最大积累速率Vm分别比N1、N2和N4高52%、22%和19%。N2处理下籽棉产量最高,达到5 938.34 kg/hm²,显著高于N1和N4处理,但与N3处理间差异不显著。【结论】 高氮促使干物质向营养器官分配,适量减氮则有利于干物质向生殖器官分配;高氮(N1)会造成棉花中后期营养生长旺盛,适量降低氮肥(N3)使用量不会显著降低棉花产量。北疆棉区滴灌棉花最适施纯氮量299～402.5 kg/hm²。

关键词: 棉花; 减施氮肥; 干物质积累与分配; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of reduced nitrogen application on cotton dry matter biomass and yield formation under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang.【Method】The field experiment was conducted by using Lumianyan 24 as the testing material, and four different nitrogen application levels were set, including 506 kg/hm² (N1), 402.5 kg/hm² (N2), 299 kg/hm² (N3), 195.5 kg/hm² (N4). Among them, N2 treatment was the conventional nitrogen application rate used by local farmers and N3, N4 were the nitrogen reduction treatments.【Result】Under N3 treatment, the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter lasted the longest (42 days), 15, 19 and 15 days more than those under N1, N 2 and N4 treatments, respectively. In addition, under N3 treatment, the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation Vm was the smallest, 13.3%, 24.2% and 10.74% lower than those under N1, N2 and N4 treatments, respectively. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation Vm of vegetative organs and reproductive organs in N3 treatment reached the maximum, and the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation Vm of vegetative organs in N3 treatment was 35.92%, 3.48% and 0.67% higher than those in N1, N2 and N4 treatments, respectively. The maximum accumulation rates of dry matter in reproductive organs treated with N3 were 52%, 22% and 19% higher than those treated with N1, N2 and N4, respectively. The yield of seed cotton under N2 treatment was the highest, reaching 5,938.34 kg/hm², which was significantly higher than that under N1 and N4 treatment, but there was no significant difference between N3 and N2 treatments.【Conclusion】 High nitrogen promotes the distribution of dry matter to vegetative organs, while reducing nitrogen application rate in moderate level enhances the distribution of dry matter to reproductive organs. High nitrogen (N1) leads to vigorous vegetative growth in the middle and late stages of cotton, and moderate reduction of nitrogen application rate (N3) does not significantly reduce cotton yield. The optimum application rate of nitrogen for drip irrigation cotton in northern Xinjiang is about 299-402.5 kg/hm².

Key words: cotton; dry matter accumulation and distribution; reduced nitrogen application; yield

中图分类号:

S562
S36

文明,李鹏兵,王乐,李明华,刘扬,马富裕. 减施氮肥对北疆滴灌棉花干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(1): 120-129.

WEN Ming, LI Peng-bing, WANG Le, LI Ming-hua, LIU Yang, MA Fu-yu. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton under Drip Irrigation in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(1): 120-129.

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减施氮肥对北疆滴灌棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton under Drip Irrigation in Northern Xinjiang

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