水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦氮素吸收、 转运及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究南疆滴灌冬小麦氮素吸收和利用特征,为揭示滴灌冬小麦氮素高效利用机制打下基础。【方法】 以新冬22号为材料,开展水氮裂区设计试验,滴施纯氮为主区,设N₁(138 kg/hm²)、N₂(207 kg/hm²)、N₃(276 kg/hm²)和N₀(对照,不施氮肥)4个水平;滴水量为副区,在统一冬灌900 m³/hm²的基础上,起身期以后设W₁(1 800 m³/hm²)、W₂(3 150 m³/hm²)、W₃(4 500 m³/hm²)3个滴灌水平,共12个处理。【结果】 (1)适当增加水氮供应量有利于提高冬小麦植株氮素积累量,其中N₃W₂、N₃W₃、N₂W₂和N₂W₃处理的积累量显著高于其他处理。(2)开花前是氮素积累量的主要时期,其平均积累量占总积累量的78.28%,拔节-扬花期是氮素吸收速率高峰期,并以N₃W₂、N₂W₃和N₂W₂处理最高,分别达6.38、5.81和5.01 kg/(hm²·d)。(3)各器官氮素转运量及对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率大小为叶片>茎鞘>颖壳+穗轴;N₃W₂和N₂W₃处理的营养器官氮素转移量显著高于其他处理,达158.34和147.49 kg/hm²;N₃W₂、N₂W₂和N₂W₃处理的籽粒蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量显著高于其他处理,分别达15.73%、15.41%和14.18%及1 475.94、1 256.97和1 217.78 kg/hm²。(4)滴灌冬小麦的产量构成及水、氮利用效率具有显著的水氮耦合效应,N₃W₂、N₂W₃和N₂W₂处理的产量较高,其氮肥农学利用率、氮肥利用效率及灌溉水利用效率也最大。【结论】 207~276 kg/hm²的施氮量和3 150~4 500 m³/hm²的春季滴水量是该地区较合适的水氮供应范围,当施氮量为275.08 kg/hm²和滴水量为4 457.89 m³/hm²包括冬灌900 m³/hm²时,产量可达最大为8 558.73 kg/hm²。

关键词: 冬小麦; 水氮耦合; 滴灌; 氮素吸收与运转; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the mechanism of efficient use of nitrogen, the characteristics of N absorption and utilization of winter wheat in drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang were studied.【Method】 Xindong 22 was used as testing material, and split plot design was used where the main zone was fertigation treatments including N₀(0 kg/hm²), N₁(138 kg/hm²), N₂(207 kg/hm²) and N₃(276 kg/hm²); deputy district was drip irrigating treatments including W1(1,800 m³/hm²),W2(3,150 m³/hm²) and W3(4,500 m³/hm²) in spring based on the unified winter irrigation of 900 m³/hm².【Result】 (1) Proper increase of water and nitrogen supply was beneficial to increase nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat, and nitrogen accumulation of N₃W₂, N₃W₃, N₂W₂ and N₂W₃ was significantly higher than that of other treatments. (2) The main period of nitrogen accumulation was before anthesis with 78.28% of the total accumulation. The jointing-flowering stage was the peak of nitrogen uptake rate, and with N₃W₂, N₂W₃ and N₂W₂ treatments reaching the highest of 6.38 kg/(hm²·d) , 5.81 kg/(hm²·d) and 5.01 kg/(hm²·d), respectively.(3) The amount of nitrogen translocation in each organ and its contribution rate to nitrogen accumulation of grain were leaf >stem + sheath > spike axis + glume. Nitrogen translocation amount in vegetative organs of N₃W₂ and N₂W₃ was significantly higher than that by other treatments, reaching 158.34 kg/hm² and 147.49 kg/hm², the grain protein content and protein yield of N₃W₂, N₂W₂ and N₂W₃ were significantly higher than those by other treatments, reaching 15.73%, 15.41% and 14.18%,1,475.94 kg/hm², 1,256.97 kg/hm² and 1,217.78 kg/hm², respectively.(4) The yield components and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation have significant coupling effects of water and nitrogen, the yields of N₃W₂, N₂W₃ and N₂W₂ were higher, and their agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were also the largest.【Conclusion】 207-276 kg/hm² nitrogen rate and 3,150-4,500 m³/hm² spring drip amount were the suitable supply range in this region. When the nitrogen amount was 275.08 kg/hm², the drip irrigation was 4,457.89 m³/hm² (including winter irrigation of 900 m³/hm²), the yield could reach the maximum of 8,558.73 kg/hm².

Key words: winter wheat; water and nitrogen coupling; drip irrigation; nitrogen absorption and translocation; yield

中图分类号:

S512.1
S311

陈慧,黄振江,王冀川,潘雪娇,张迪,徐雅丽. 水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(1): 44-56.

CHEN Hui, HUANG Zheng-jiang, WANG Ji-chuan, PAN Xue-jiao, ZHANG Di, XU Ya-li. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on N Absorption, Translocation and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(1): 44-56.

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