化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 261-270.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选

马辉¹(), 罗单¹, 李星星¹, 田立文²(), 戴路¹, 欧欢¹, 艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫¹, 阿孜古丽·阿布力孜¹, 阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力¹

1.新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心,新疆阿克苏 843000
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-07-30 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 田立文(1965-),男,安徽肥东人,研究员,研究方向为棉花轻简高效栽培,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com
作者简介:马辉(1979-),女,新疆昌吉人,正高级农艺师,研究方向为棉花栽培与生理生化,(E-mail)1543043221@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“干旱绿洲现代农业高效用水关键技术研究”(2022A02003);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题“机采棉高效群体构建技术体系研究与应用”(25107020-202101)

Effects of chemical topping on plant architecture and yield of cotton with different fruit branch numbers and its screening of evaluation indicators

MA Hui¹(), LUO Dan¹, LI Xingxing¹, TIAN Liwen²(), DAI Lu¹, OU Huan¹, AImaierjiang Abulitifu¹, Aziguli Abulizi¹, Abuduaini Abuduweili¹

1. Aksu Agriculture Technology and Popularization Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aksu Xinjiang 843000, China
2. Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-07-30 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-19
Correspondence author: TIAN Liwen(1965-), male,from Feidong, Anhui, professor, research direction:research and development of light, simple and efficient cotton production technology,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com
Supported by:
Major science and technology projects of Xinjiang—Key Technology Research on Efficient Water Use for Modern Agriculture in Arid Oasis(2022A02003);Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas—Research and application of the technical system for the construction of efficient cotton population in machine-picking cotton fields(25107020-202101)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选,分析棉花化学封顶剂摇钱素和向铃转的最佳施药时期,优选化学封顶效果评价指标,为化学封顶筛选应用提供支撑。【方法】采用完全随机区组试验设计,以人工打顶为对照,选择化学封顶剂摇钱素和向铃转,分别设置果枝数9台时、果枝数10台时、果枝数11台时、果枝数12台时4个化学封顶处理,测量棉花株高及株高增长量、倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度、有效果枝数、单株果节数、茎粗、主茎节间数、棉铃空间分布和籽棉产量。【结果】与人工打顶相比,果枝数9台时化学封顶处理的棉花株高显著增加,果枝数10台时施用向铃转、果枝数11台和12台时喷施摇钱素后单株果节数增加,化学封顶后主茎节间数增多、倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度变短,果枝数10台时施用向铃转后有效果枝率、化学封顶后茎粗、除果枝数9台时喷施摇钱素后上部铃占比外棉铃空间分布均变化不大。果枝数10台时喷施向铃转、果枝数11台和12台时喷施摇钱素后籽棉产量与人工打顶相比差异不显著。单株有效果枝率(以下简称果枝率)可作为化学封顶对棉花株型调控的评价指标。【结论】果枝数10台时喷施向铃转、果枝数11台时喷施摇钱素后棉花有效果枝率和单株果节数最高、株高增长量不高、籽棉产量不降低,有效果枝率可用于评价化学封顶对棉花株型调控的首选指标。

关键词: 棉花; 化学封顶; 株型; 产量; 评价指标

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study effects of spraying chemical topping agent on plant architecture and yield of cotton and evaluation index screening with different number of fruit branches, then determine the best application period of cotton chemical topping, optimize the evaluation indexes of chemical topping in the hope of providing support for the application of chemical topping. 【Methods】 A completely random experimental design was adopted, manual topping was taken as the control, four chemical topping treatments when the number of fruit branches was 9, 10, 11 and 12 were established by selecting chemical topping agent Yaoqiansu and Xianglingzhuan, the plant height and plant height increased amount, length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch,effective branch rate, fruit nodes number per plant, stem diameter, main stem internodes number plant architecture related indexes, spatial distribution of bolls and seed cotton yield were measured.【Results】 Compared with manual topping, the plant height of cotton was significantly heighten on the condition of spraying chemical topping agent when the number of fruit branches per plant were 9, the fruit nodes number per plant increased in case of spraying Xianglingzhuan while the number of fruit branches per plant were 10 and on the condition of spraying Yaoqiansu when the number of fruit branches per plant were 11 and 12,main stem internodes number per plant increased and the length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch became even shorter after chemical topping, the effective branch rate in case of spraying Xianglingzhuan while the number of fruit branches per plant were 10, stem diameter after chemical topping, and the spatial distribution of bolls were not much different except the proportion of upper bolls on the condition of spraying Yaoqiansu when the number of fruit branches per plant were 9. There was no significant difference in the yield of seed cotton in case of spraying Xianglingzhuan while the number of fruit branches per plant was 10, on the condition of spraying Yaoqiansu, when the number of fruit branches per plant was 11 and 12, compared with manual topping. Effective branch count per plant (hereinafter referred to as effective branch count) rate could be used as an evaluation index of chemical topping on cotton plant architecture regulation.【Conclusion】 When the number of fruit branches per plant is 10 and 11, the effective branch rate and the number of fruit nodes per plant are the highest, the plant height growth is not large, and the seed cotton yield dose not reduce, the effective branch rate can be taken as the preferred evaluation index for the regulation of chemical topping on cotton plant architecture.

Key words: cotton; chemical topping; plant architecture; yield; evaluation index

中图分类号:

S562
S13

马辉, 罗单, 李星星, 田立文, 戴路, 欧欢, 艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫, 阿孜古丽·阿布力孜, 阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力. 化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 261-270.

MA Hui, LUO Dan, LI Xingxing, TIAN Liwen, DAI Lu, OU Huan, AImaierjiang Abulitifu, Aziguli Abulizi, Abuduaini Abuduweili. Effects of chemical topping on plant architecture and yield of cotton with different fruit branch numbers and its screening of evaluation indicators[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 261-270.

图/表 15

表1 化学封顶和人工打顶处理

Tab.1 Chemical topping and manual topping treatment table

序号 Order number	处理 Treatment	化学封顶剂 Chemical topping agent	封顶方法 Topping method
1	果枝数9台时化学封顶	向铃转摇钱素	化学封顶
2	果枝数10台时化学封顶
3	果枝数11台时化学封顶
4	果枝数12台时化学封顶
5	果枝数9台时人工封顶	无	人工打顶

图1 阿克苏市2022年5~9月气温及降水量变化

Fig.1 Temperature and precipitation of Aksu City from May to September in 2022

图2 喷施向铃转后棉花株高及株高增长量变化注:不同小写字母表示差异达5%显著水平,下同

Fig.2 Plant height and plant height increased amount of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan Note:Different small letters in a column mean significant at 5% levels, the same as below

图3 喷施摇钱素后棉花株高及株高增长量变化

Fig.3 Plant height and plant height increased amount of cotton after spraying Yaoqiansu

图4 喷施向铃转后棉花倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度变化

Fig.4 The length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch after spraying Xianglingzhuan

图5 喷施摇钱素后棉花倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度变化

Fig.5 The length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch after spraying Xianglingzhuan

表2 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花有效果枝率变化

Tab.2 Effective branch rate of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu (%)

处理 Treatment	果枝数9台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9	果枝数10台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10	果枝数11台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11	果枝数12台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12	人工打顶 Manual topping
向铃转Xianglingzhuan	42.2^ab	54.1^a	45.9^ab	38.9^b	54.8^a
摇钱素Yaoqiansu	40.3^b	38.6^b	44.9^b	42.7^b	57^a

表3 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花单株果节数变化

Tab.3 Fruit nodes number per plant of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu

处理 Treatment	果枝数9台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9	果枝数10台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10	果枝数11台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11	果枝数12台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12	人工打顶 Manual topping
向铃转Xianglingzhuan	21.4^ab	25.7^a	24.4^ab	24.15^ab	20.9^b
摇钱素Yaoqiansu	20.2^bc	20.15^bc	24.25^a	23.65^ab	17.4^c

表4 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花茎粗变化

Tab.4 Stem diameter of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu(cm)

处理 Treatment	果枝数9台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9	果枝数10台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10	果枝数11台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11	果枝数12台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12	人工打顶 Manual topping
向铃转Xianglingzhuan	12.15^a	13.25^a	12.95^a	12.8^a	12.35^a
摇钱素Yaoqiansu	12.15^a	12^a	12.45^a	12.55^a	11.6^a

表5 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花主茎节间数变化

Tab.5 Main stem internodes number of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu

处理 Treatment	果枝数9台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9	果枝数10台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10	果枝数11台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11	果枝数12台时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12	人工打顶 Manual topping
向铃转Xianglingzhuan	18.35^ab	19.65^ab	19.8^ab	20.3^a	16.55^c
摇钱素Yaoqiansu	18.3^bc	18^c	19.1^ab	19.5^a	16.25^d

图6 喷施向铃转后棉铃空间分布变化

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of bolls after spraying Xianglingzhuan

图7 喷施摇钱素后棉铃空间分布变化

Fig.7 Spatial distribution of bolls after spraying Yaoqiansu

图8 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后籽棉产量变化

Fig.8 Seed cotton yield after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu

图9 籽棉产量、棉花株型相关性状间皮尔逊关联度系数变化注:*表示P在0.05水平上达到显著水平;**表示P在0.01水平上达到极显著水平

Fig.9 Pearson correlation coefficient between seed cotton yield and cotton plant architecture related traits Note:*indicates that P reaches a significant level at the 0.05 level ;**indicates that P reaches extremely significant level at 0.01 level

表6 籽棉产量与棉花株型相关性状的灰色关联度变化

Tab.6 Grey correlation degree between seed cotton yield and cotton plant architecture related traits

性状 Traits	关联度 Correlation degree	排名 Rank
株高增长量 Plant height increased	0.613	6
有效果枝率 Effective branch rate	0.780	1
倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度 Length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch	0.732	3
茎粗 Stem diameter	0.726	4
单株果节数 Fruit nodes number per plant	0.772	2
主茎节间数 Main stem internodes number	0.688	5

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化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选

Effects of chemical topping on plant architecture and yield of cotton with different fruit branch numbers and its screening of evaluation indicators

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[6]	王贺亚, 罗静静, 王康, 王瑞楠, 王旭, 高光瑞, 房艳. 不同微生物菌剂对甜菜根腐病的防效及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 448-454.
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