不同水分处理干播湿出水热盐效应对棉花出苗率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2380-2389.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.005

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同水分处理干播湿出水热盐效应对棉花出苗率的影响

丁宇¹(), 张江辉²(), 白云岗², 赵经华¹, 郑明², 刘洪波², 肖军², 韩政宇¹

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利水电科学院,乌鲁木齐 830049

收稿日期:2023-01-20 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 张江辉(1963-),男,陕西兴平人,研究员,研究方向为农田水分高效利用,(E-mail)skyzjh@163.net
作者简介:丁宇(1998-),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为节水灌溉技术,(E-mail)dy98206@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“棉田高效节水技术及产品开发集成与应用”(2020A01002-1);新疆院士工作站合作研究项目(2020.D-004);农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室

Study on the effects of different water treatments on the emergence rate of cotton

DING Yu¹(), ZHANG Jianghui²(), BAI Yungang², ZHAO Jinghua¹, ZHENG Ming², LIU Hongbo², XIAO Jun², HAN Zhengyu¹

1. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China

Received:2023-01-20 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-01
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jianghui (1963 -), male, from Xingping, Shaanxi Province, researcher, research direction: efficient utilization of farmland water, (E-mail) skyzjh@163.net
Supported by:
Major R & D Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Integration and Application of High Efficiency and Water Saving Technology and Product Development in Cotton Field"(2020A01002-1);Xinjiang Academician Workstation Cooperative Research Project(2020.D-004);Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-alkali Land in Arid and Semi-arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究适合双膜覆盖条件下棉花干播湿出的灌溉方案。【方法】 在新疆阿克苏市沙雅县设置大田试验,设计3个灌水定额处理(S₁:675 m³/hm²,S₂:900 m³/hm²,S₃:1 125 m³/hm²)、2个滴水频次处理(S₄:675 m³/hm²+450 m³/hm²,S₅:675 m³/hm²+300 m³/hm²+150 m³/hm²)和1个冬灌对照处理(CK:2 700 m³/hm²),共6个处理。分析不同灌溉定额及滴水频次对土壤水盐运移、水热效应及出苗率的影响。【结果】 (1)在0~40 cm土层,滴水频次相同,随灌水定额增加土壤平均含水率逐渐增加,表现为S₁<S₂<S₃;灌水定额相同,随滴水频次增加土壤平均含水率逐渐增加,表现为S₅>S₄>S₃;CK处理土壤平均含水率显著小于各干播湿出处理。(2)0~40 cm土层,滴水频次相同,灌水定额越大灌后土壤脱盐率越高;灌水定额相同,滴水频次越少,土壤脱盐率越高;CK处理脱盐率显著大于各干播湿出处理。(3)0~40 cm土层,滴水频次相同,随灌水定额增加土壤日均温度逐渐减小,表现为S₁>S₂>S₃;灌水定额相同,随滴水频次增加土壤日均温度逐渐降低,表现为S₃>S₄>S₅;CK处理土壤日均温度与S₁处理无明显差异,且显著大于其余各干播湿出处理。(4)出苗率随灌水定额的减少而升高,随滴水频次的减少而降低。各处理出苗率表现为CK≈S₁>S₂≈S₅>S₄>S₃。【结论】 综合各处理土壤水盐、地温及出苗情况,S₁(675 m³/hm²)为最佳出苗水处理。

关键词: 干播湿出; 双膜覆盖; 灌水定额; 滴水频次; 出苗率; 水盐运移; 土壤温度

Abstract:

【Objective】 To determine the irrigation scheme that will be suitable for dry sowing and wet-out cotton under double-film mulching conditions.【Methods】 By carrying out field experiments in Shaya County, Aksu City, Xinjiang.A total of six treatments were set: three irrigation quota treatments (S₁:675 m³/hm²,S₂:900 m³/hm²,S₃:1 125 m³/hm²), two drip frequency treatments (S₄:675 m³/hm²+450 m³/hm²,S₅:675 m³/hm²+300 m³/hm²+150 m³/hm²) and one spring irrigation control treatment (CK:180 mm). And then the effects of different irrigation quotas and drip frequencies on soil water and salt transport, hydrothermal effect and seedling emergence rate were analyzed.【Results】 (1) In 0-40 cm soil layer, the drip frequency was the same. With the increase of irrigation quota, the average soil moisture content gradually increased, which was S₁ < S₂ < S₃; With the same irrigation quota, the average soil moisture content increased gradually with the increase of drip frequency, showing S₅ > S₄ > S₃; The average soil moisture content of CK treatment was significantly lower than that of dry sowing and wet-out treatment. (2) In 0-40 cm soil layer, the drip frequency was the same, the larger the irrigation quota, the higher the soil desalination rate after irrigation; With the same irrigation quota, the less drip frequency, the higher soil desalination rate; The desalination rate of CK treatment was significantly higher than that of dry sowing and wet-out treatment. (3) In 0-40 cm soil layer, the drip frequency was the same. With the increase of irrigation quota, the daily average soil temperature gradually decreased, which was S₁ > S₂ > S₃; With the same irrigation quota, the daily average soil temperature decreased gradually with the increase of drip frequency, showing S₃ > S₄ > S₅; The daily average soil temperature of CK treatment was not significantly different from that of S₁ treatment, and was significantly higher than that of other dry sowing and wet-out treatments. (4) The emergence rate increased with the decrease of irrigation quota and decreased with the decrease of drip frequency. The emergence rate of each treatment was as follows: CK ≈ S₁ > S₂ ≈ S₅ > S₄ > S₃.【Conclusion】 According to the soil water and salt, ground temperature and seedling emergence of each treatment, S₁(675 m³/hm²) is the best seedling emergence water treatment.

Key words: dry sowing and wet out; double film covering; irrigation quota; dripping frequency; emergence rate; water and salt transport; soil temperature

中图分类号:

S562

丁宇, 张江辉, 白云岗, 赵经华, 郑明, 刘洪波, 肖军, 韩政宇. 不同水分处理干播湿出水热盐效应对棉花出苗率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2380-2389.

DING Yu, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, ZHAO Jinghua, ZHENG Ming, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, HAN Zhengyu. Study on the effects of different water treatments on the emergence rate of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2380-2389.

图/表 12

参考文献 10

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土壤物理性质 Physical properties of soil	深度Depth(cm)
土壤物理性质 Physical properties of soil	0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~60	60~80	80~100
干容重 Dry bulk density(g/cm³)	1.57	1.63	1.65	1.61	1.6	1.56	1.45
田间持水率(体积含水率) Field water holding capacity(%)	25.50	25.33	26.41	23.51	21.9	21.91	8.28
土壤含盐量 Soil salt content(g/kg)	1.87	1.71	2.18	1.47	1.22	0.75	0.58
土壤体积含水率 Soil volume moisture content(%)	13.57	16.40	17.70	16.91	16.06	14.95	14.93

土壤物理性质 Physical properties of soil	深度Depth(cm)
土壤物理性质 Physical properties of soil	0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~60	60~80	80~100
干容重 Dry bulk density(g/cm³)	1.57	1.63	1.65	1.61	1.6	1.56	1.45
田间持水率(体积含水率) Field water holding capacity(%)	25.50	25.33	26.41	23.51	21.9	21.91	8.28
土壤含盐量 Soil salt content(g/kg)	1.87	1.71	2.18	1.47	1.22	0.75	0.58
土壤体积含水率 Soil volume moisture content(%)	13.57	16.40	17.70	16.91	16.06	14.95	14.93

处理 Handle	深度 Depth (cm)	平均含水率 Average moisture content (%)	标准偏差 Standard deviation	P
S₁	0~40	22.132^cE	0.492	<0.001
S₂		24.676^bD	0.576
S₃		27.894^aC	0.654
S₄		29.662^B	0.505
S₅		31.897^A	0.335
CK		21.883^cE	0.472

处理 Handle	深度 Depth (cm)	平均含水率 Average moisture content (%)	标准偏差 Standard deviation	P
S₁	0~40	22.132^cE	0.492	<0.001
S₂		24.676^bD	0.576
S₃		27.894^aC	0.654
S₄		29.662^B	0.505
S₅		31.897^A	0.335
CK		21.883^cE	0.472

处理 Handle	土层平均含盐量 Average salt content of soil layer(g/kg)			平均脱盐率 Average desalination rate (%)	P
处理 Handle	初始 Initial	灌水结束 End of irrigation	变化量 Variation	平均脱盐率 Average desalination rate (%)	P
S₁	1.81	1.13	0.67	36.72^dE	<0.001
S₂		0.92	0.88	48.75^cC
S₃		0.70	1.11	60.62^bB
S₄		1.03	0.77	42.65^D
S₅		1.22	0.59	32.30^F
CK		0.49	1.32	72.40^aA

不同水分处理干播湿出水热盐效应对棉花出苗率的影响

Study on the effects of different water treatments on the emergence rate of cotton

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图/表 12

参考文献 10

相关文章 15

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Metrics

处理 Handle	灌溉定额 Irrigation quota (m³/hm²)	滴水频次 Drip frequ- ency	每次灌水定额 Irrigation quota per time (m³/hm²)	灌水时间 Irrigation time (月/日)
S₁	675	1	675	4/19
S₂	900	1	900	4/19
S₃	1 125	1	1 125	4/19
S₄	1 125	2	675+450	4/19、4/22
S₅	1 125	3	675+300+150	4/19、4/22、4/25

处理 Handle	深度 Depth (cm)	土壤日均温度 Daily average soil temperature (℃)	标准偏差 Standard deviation	P
S₁	0~40	25.343^aA	0.889	<0.001
S₂		23.673^bB	0.652
S₃		21.680^cC	1.149
S₄		20.233^CD	0.763
S₅		19.313^D	0.672
CK		26.322^aA	0.651

	未标准化系数 Non standardized coefficient		标准化系数 Standardization coefficient	t	P
	B	标准错误 Standard error	Beta	t	P
常量Constant	34.537	1.788		19.318	<0.001
土壤平均含水率 Average soil moisture content	-0.387	0.061	-0.848	-6.387	<0.001
R²				0.718
F				40.799
P				<0.001
因变量:土壤日均温度Dependent variable: Daily average soil temperature

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