调教训练对伊犁马1 600 m速度赛步态特征的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.031

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 2838-2843.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.031

• 马运动生理与健康养殖 • 上一篇下一篇

调教训练对伊犁马1 600 m速度赛步态特征的影响

李雪妍¹, 孟军¹^,²^,³(), 马玉辉⁴, 姚新奎¹^,²^,³, 曾亚琦¹^,²^,³, 王建文¹^,²^,³, 王川坤¹^,², 闫家宝¹, 坎白努尔¹, 张伟龙¹

1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业大学马产业研究院,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
4.昭苏县畜牧兽医发展中心,新疆昭苏 835600

收稿日期:2022-01-11 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-12-28
通信作者: 孟军
作者简介:李雪妍(1997-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)275985470@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01B50);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02007-1);自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(PT2220)

The Influence of Training on the Gait Characteristics of Yili Horses 1,600 Meter Speed Race

LI Xueyan¹, MENG Jun¹^,²^,³(), MA Yunhui⁴, YAO Xinkui¹^,²^,³, ZENG Yaqi¹^,²^,³, WANG Jianwen¹^,²^,³, WANG Chuankun¹^,², YAN Jiabao¹, Kanbainuer ¹, ZHANG Weilong¹

1. College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Research Institute of Horse Industry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China
4. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Development Center of Zhaosu County, Zhaosu Xinjiang 835600,China

Received:2022-01-11 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-12-28
Correspondence author: MENG Jun
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01B50);Major science and technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A02007-1);The Innovation Environment (Talent, Base) Construction Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(PT2220)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究调教训练对伊犁马1 600 m速度赛步态特征的影响,为速度赛伊犁马调教训练提供数据支撑。【方法】挑选8匹未经调教训练的3岁伊犁马(公马)为试验对象,采用3个月的速度调教训练,采集不同训练阶段马匹速度赛直道、弯道、冲刺处的步态特征,分析不同训练阶段伊犁马步态特征的差异。【结果】伊犁马训练后期平均速度显著大于训练初期(P<0.05);后位后蹄支撑相在训练初期显著低于训练中期(P<0.05),前位前蹄支撑相在训练初、后期显著低于训练中期(P<0.05),后肢双支撑相在训练初期显著低于训练中、后期(P<0.05);后位后蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练后期(P<0.05),前位后蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练初、后期(P<0.05),后位前蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练初期(P<0.05),前位前蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练初、后期(P<0.05);腾空期在训练中期显著低于训练前、后期(P<0.05);瞬时速度在训练初期显著低于训练后期(P<0.05);前肢步幅在训练初、中期显著小于训练后期(P<0.05),腾空期步幅在训练中期显著小于训练后期(P<0.05),总步幅在训练初、中期显著小于训练后期(P<0.05)。【结论】经过3个月调教训练,伊犁马速度、支撑相、摆动相、腾空期步幅等均发生了显著变化。步态特征可作为马匹调教训练及性能评价的相关参考指标,在速度马调教训练时,可测定马匹步态特征,评价马匹运动性能。

关键词: 调教训练; 1600 m速度赛; 伊犁马

Abstract:

【Objective】 This experiment aims to study the influence of training on the gait characteristics of Yili horses in the 1,600 m speed race and provide data support for the training of Yili horses in the speed race. 【Methods】 8 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) without training were selected as the test subjects. Through the three-month speed training, the steps of the horses at different training stages in the speed race straights, corners, and sprints were collected to analyze the differences in gait characteristics at different training stages. 【Results】 The average speed of the Yili horse in the post training stage was significantly higher than that in the early training stage (P<0.05); the stance traYiling hindlimb was significantly lower in the early training stage than the mid-training stage (P<0.05), and the stance leading forelimb was significant lower in the early and post training stage than the mid-training stage (P<0.05), the overlap trailing hindlimb-leading hindlimb was significantly lower in the early training period than in the mid- and post-training stage (P<0.05); the swing trailing hindlimb in the mid-training stage was significantly lower than that in the post training stage (P<0.05). The swing leading hindlimb in the mid-training was significantly lower than that of the early and post-training stage (P<0.05). The swing trailing forelimb in the mid-training was significantly lower than that of the early training (P<0.05), The swing leading forelimb in the mid-training was significantly lower than the early and post-training stage (P<0.05); the aerial duration in the mid-training stage is significantly lower than the early and post-training stage (P<0.05); the instantaneous speed in the early training stage is significantly lower than the late training period (P<0.05); The fore stride length in the early and mid-training stageis significantly smaller than post-training stage (P<0.05), the aerial duration stride length in the mid-training stage is significantly smaller in the post-training stage (P<0.05), and the stride length in the early and mid-training stage is significantly smaller than in the post training stage (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The analysis of the gait characteristics of the Yili horse speed race at different training stages shows that after 3 months of training, the Yili horse’s speed, stance phase, swing phase, and stride length during the flight stage have all undergone significant changes. These gait characteristics can be used as relevant reference indicators for horse training and performance evaluation. Therefore, during speed horse training, the gait characteristics of horses can be measured to evaluate horse sports performance.

Key words: training; 1,600 meter speed race; Yili horse

中图分类号:

S821.9

李雪妍, 孟军, 马玉辉, 姚新奎, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 王川坤, 闫家宝, 坎白努尔, 张伟龙. 调教训练对伊犁马1 600 m速度赛步态特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2838-2843.

LI Xueyan, MENG Jun, MA Yunhui, YAO Xinkui, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, WANG Chuankun, YAN Jiabao, Kanbainuer , ZHANG Weilong. The Influence of Training on the Gait Characteristics of Yili Horses 1,600 Meter Speed Race[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2838-2843.

图/表 4

参考文献 23

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项目 Items	时间 Time	上午 Morning	下午 Aftermoon
第一阶段 Stage 1	第1周	调教圈训练30 min/d,完成马匹备鞍,训练及上马训练	自由活动,刷拭马匹
	第2周	调教圈训练30 min/d,此后左右里怀均要训练,骑乘训练1 200 m/d
	第3周	调教圈训练30 min/d,骑乘1 200 m/d,进行跑道快步骑乘训练,以适应跑道
	第4周	调教圈训练30 min/d,骑乘训练快步1 200 m/d,最后1 d进行1 600 m测试赛,测试赛当天不进行训练
第二阶段 Stage 2	第5周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋缩短跑1 200 m/d
	第6周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋缩短跑1 200 m/d
	第7周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋缩短跑1 200 m/d
	第8周	照常训练,最后1 d进行1 600 m测试赛
第三阶段 Stage 3	第9周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋袭步1 200 m/d
	第10周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋袭步1 200 m/d
	第11周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋袭步1 200 m/d
	第12周	照常训练,最后1 d进行1 600 m测试赛

项目 Items	时间 Time	上午 Morning	下午 Aftermoon
第一阶段 Stage 1	第1周	调教圈训练30 min/d,完成马匹备鞍,训练及上马训练	自由活动,刷拭马匹
	第2周	调教圈训练30 min/d,此后左右里怀均要训练,骑乘训练1 200 m/d
	第3周	调教圈训练30 min/d,骑乘1 200 m/d,进行跑道快步骑乘训练,以适应跑道
	第4周	调教圈训练30 min/d,骑乘训练快步1 200 m/d,最后1 d进行1 600 m测试赛,测试赛当天不进行训练
第二阶段 Stage 2	第5周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋缩短跑1 200 m/d
	第6周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋缩短跑1 200 m/d
	第7周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋缩短跑1 200 m/d
	第8周	照常训练,最后1 d进行1 600 m测试赛
第三阶段 Stage 3	第9周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋袭步1 200 m/d
	第10周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋袭步1 200 m/d
	第11周	调教圈训练20 min/d,骑乘训练快步＋袭步1 200 m/d
	第12周	照常训练,最后1 d进行1 600 m测试赛

指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	P值
指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	Trt	Date	Trt×Date
后位后蹄支撑相 Stance trailing hindlimb (s)	0.103^b	0.112^a	0.108^ab	0.003	0.087	<0.001	0.841
前位后蹄支撑相 Stance leading hindlimb (s)	0.095	0.103	0.095	0.003	0.138	0.039	0.514
后位前蹄支撑相 Stance trailing forelimb (s)	0.102	0.105	0.103	0.003	0.645	0.001	0.091
前位前蹄支撑相 Stance leading forelimb (s)	0.110^b	0.119^a	0.110^b	0.003	0.062	0.547	0.509
后肢双支撑相 Overlaptrailinghindlimb-leading hindlimb (s)	0.023^b	0.031^a	0.029^a	0.002	0.02	0.131	0.255
对角双支撑相 Overlap leading hindlimb-trailing forelimb (s)	0.055	0.059	0.056	0.004	0.732	<0.001	0.287
前肢双支撑相 Overlap trailingforelimb-leading forelimb (s)	0.020	0.020	0.015	0.002	0.107	0.933	0.016

指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	P值
指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	Trt	Date	Trt×Date
后位后蹄支撑相 Stance trailing hindlimb (s)	0.103^b	0.112^a	0.108^ab	0.003	0.087	<0.001	0.841
前位后蹄支撑相 Stance leading hindlimb (s)	0.095	0.103	0.095	0.003	0.138	0.039	0.514
后位前蹄支撑相 Stance trailing forelimb (s)	0.102	0.105	0.103	0.003	0.645	0.001	0.091
前位前蹄支撑相 Stance leading forelimb (s)	0.110^b	0.119^a	0.110^b	0.003	0.062	0.547	0.509
后肢双支撑相 Overlaptrailinghindlimb-leading hindlimb (s)	0.023^b	0.031^a	0.029^a	0.002	0.02	0.131	0.255
对角双支撑相 Overlap leading hindlimb-trailing forelimb (s)	0.055	0.059	0.056	0.004	0.732	<0.001	0.287
前肢双支撑相 Overlap trailingforelimb-leading forelimb (s)	0.020	0.020	0.015	0.002	0.107	0.933	0.016

指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	P值
指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	Trt	Date	Trt×Date
后位后蹄摆动相 Swing trailing hindlimb (s)	0.376^a	0.354^b	0.365^ab	0.004	0.002	0.001	0.427
前位后蹄摆动相 Swing leading hindlimb (s)	0.383^a	0.364^b	0.377^a	0.005	0.016	0.06	0.438
后位前蹄摆动相 Swing trailing forelimb (s)	0.377^a	0.361b	0.369^ab	0.005	0.096	0.027	0.204
前位前蹄摆动相 Swing leadingforelimb (s)	0.368^a	0.348^b	0.363^a	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.294
腾空期 Aerial duration(s)	0.167^a	0.138^b	0.156^a	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	0.103

调教训练对伊犁马1 600 m速度赛步态特征的影响

The Influence of Training on the Gait Characteristics of Yili Horses 1,600 Meter Speed Race

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[7]	马兵强, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 王川坤, 阿皮代姆·图尔荪. 补喂不同水平竹叶提取物对泌乳期伊犁马产奶量及乳成分的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2786-2792.
[8]	刘婷, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王川坤, 任万路, 布沙热木·阿不都卡地尔, 高婉婷. 补喂竹叶提取物对伊犁马挤奶期间心率变异性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2793-2799.
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指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	P值
指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	Trt	Date	Trt×Date
后肢步幅 Hind stride length (cm)	105.462	104.702	109.299	2.287	0.320	0.003	0.947
双支撑相步幅 Mid stride length (cm)	171.107	178.013	180.384	3.618	0.178	<0.001	0.051
最大开张角度 Stride angle (°)	106.375	107.512	107.726	0.569	0.204	0.040	0.301
前肢步幅 Fore stride length (cm)	121.211^b	125.044^b	133.045^a	2.173	0.001	0.069	0.017
腾空期步幅 Aerial durationstride length (cm)	147.228^ab	141.814^b	155.520^a	4.430	0.096	0.001	0.603
总步幅 Stride length (cm)	545.008^b	549.574^b	578.247^a	8.317	0.013	0.010	0.139
瞬时速度 Instantaneous speed (cm/s)	11.995^b	12.489^ab	13.082^a	0.226	0.005	0.001	0.197
步频 Stride frequency	2.101	2.151	2.121	0.024	0.352	0.007	0.788

指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	P值
指标 Indicators	训练初期 Early-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training	SE	Trt	Date	Trt×Date
后肢步幅 Hind stride length (cm)	105.462	104.702	109.299	2.287	0.320	0.003	0.947
双支撑相步幅 Mid stride length (cm)	171.107	178.013	180.384	3.618	0.178	<0.001	0.051
最大开张角度 Stride angle (°)	106.375	107.512	107.726	0.569	0.204	0.040	0.301
前肢步幅 Fore stride length (cm)	121.211^b	125.044^b	133.045^a	2.173	0.001	0.069	0.017
腾空期步幅 Aerial durationstride length (cm)	147.228^ab	141.814^b	155.520^a	4.430	0.096	0.001	0.603
总步幅 Stride length (cm)	545.008^b	549.574^b	578.247^a	8.317	0.013	0.010	0.139
瞬时速度 Instantaneous speed (cm/s)	11.995^b	12.489^ab	13.082^a	0.226	0.005	0.001	0.197
步频 Stride frequency	2.101	2.151	2.121	0.024	0.352	0.007	0.788