不同引诱物及诱捕器对葡萄园白星花金龟诱集效果比较

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】白星花金龟Protaetia(Liocola) brevitarsis (Lewis)成虫是危害葡萄的重大害虫之一,研究不同果实和牛粪处理及诱捕器对葡萄园白星花金龟成虫的诱集效果。【方法】选用西瓜、番茄、蟠桃、甜瓜和苹果5种果实分别与牛粪组成诱集组合体,调查诱集效果和空白区、诱集区白星花金龟成虫在葡萄上的发生数量,采用四臂嗅觉仪进行白星花金龟成虫对果实和牛粪处理及单一牛粪处理趋性测定。分析桶状诱捕器、小蠹诱捕器和盆状诱捕器对白星花金龟成虫诱集效果。【结果】果实和牛粪处理均能减少白星花金龟成虫在葡萄上的危害。在不同处理中,西瓜和甜瓜处理成虫诱集量最多,均为43.50头,两处理间无显著差异,与其余处理间存在显著差异;果实和牛粪处理白星花金龟卵及幼虫总量比单一牛粪处理多;在各果实和牛粪处理中,番茄处理卵量最多,蟠桃处理幼虫数量最多;在白星花金龟成虫对果实和牛粪的趋性中,甜瓜和西瓜处理对雌虫吸引率较高,分别为43.33%、36.67%,两处理间无显著差异,选择系数分别为0.33、0.20,存在显著差异;甜瓜处理对雄虫吸引率最高,且选择系数最高,分别为33.33%和0.23,均与各处理间存在显著差异。在桶状诱捕器、小蠹虫诱捕器和水盆诱捕器中,无论是否投放白星花金龟诱芯,均为桶状诱捕器成虫诱集量最多,均与各诱捕器间存在显著差异。【结论】西瓜和甜瓜处理有较好的诱集效果;桶状诱捕器与白星花金龟诱芯的组合,可提高诱集效果。

关键词: 白星花金龟; 果实; 牛粪; 趋性; 诱捕器

Abstract:

【Objective】 The Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults is one of the major pests to grapes, so this project aims to investigate the luring effect of fruits combined with manure, and different traps to Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults in vineyard.【Method】 Different fruits such as watermelon, tomato, peach, melon and apple were selected to be combined with manure, and it was considered as a composite system to investigate the luring effect and the numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults on grapes in different treatments.Meanwhile, a four-arm olfactory was used to determine the tendency of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults to the treatments of fruit-manure.The luring effects of different traps such as the barrel trap, a bookworm trap and the basin trap of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults were investigated as well.【Result】 The treatments of fruit-manure could actually reduce the numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults on grapes and showed the better effect to adults.There was significant difference between the two treatments as well.The total number of eggs and larvae in treatments was more than single attractor; the largest number of eggs and larvae were observed in the treatments of tomato-manure and peach-manure, respectively; In the tendency determination of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults, the treatments of melon-manure and watermelon-manure showed the better attraction to female with 43.33% and 36.67%, respectively.And there were no significant difference between the two treatments; However, the selection coefficients of two treatments were significantly different with 0.33 and 0.20, respectively.Regarding the attraction to male, both of the attractant percent and the selection coefficient of melon-manure were the highest in all treatments with 33.33% and 0.23, respectively.In the barrel trap, a bookworm trap and the basin trap, the total number of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults captured by barrel trap was significantly higher than that of other traps whether or not the lure was put in.【Conclusion】 The treatments of fruit-manure showed better luring effect and reduce the numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults on grapes.The combination of barrel trap with P.brevitarsis lure can improve the trapping effect.

Key words: Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis; fruits; manure; tendency; trap

中图分类号:

S433

杨柳, 张广杰, 郭佩佩, 任豪辉, 依明江·图尔迪, 马少军, 王云鹤, 马德英. 不同引诱物及诱捕器对葡萄园白星花金龟诱集效果比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2554-2561.

YANG Liu, ZHANG Guangjie, GUO Peipei, REN Haohui, Yimingjiang Tuerdi, MA Shaojun, WANG Yunhe, MA Deying. Comparison of the Trapping Effect of Different Temptations Andtraps on Protaetia(Liocola) brevitarsis(Lewis) in Vineyard[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2554-2561.

图/表 8

图1 不同类型诱捕器注:a:小蠹虫诱捕器;b:桶状诱捕器;c:水盆诱捕器。

Fig.1 Different types of traps Note: a: A bookworm trap; b: Barrel trap; c: Basin trap.

表1 各诱捕器构造规格

Table 1 Specifications for each trap construction

诱捕器类型 Trap type	诱捕器组成 Trap composition	尺寸规格 The dimensions
小蠹虫诱捕器 A bookworm trap	黑色顶盖1个、黑色大小交叉板各1个、过滤网1个、黑色漏斗1个、变径1个、小蠹集虫瓶1个。	长275 mm±2 mm、宽275 mm±2 mm、高40 mm±1 mm;黑色漏斗直径275 mm±1 mm;黑色大交叉板长500 mm±2 mm、宽365 mm±1 mm;黑色小交叉板500 mm±2 mm、宽290 mm±1 mm;变径大口直径70 mm±1 mm、小口直径50 mm±2 mm;小蠹集虫瓶高215 mm、瓶口直径70 mm、瓶底直径45 mm。
桶状诱捕器 Barrel trap	遮雨盖1个、火锅式连接件1个、集虫桶1个。	遮雨盖:圆形,直径大于连接件直径,4个可用于固定支撑漏斗的圆柱形孔,其中相对的两个可以穿通,用于固定铁丝。火锅式连接件:高:210 mm;相对的两个支撑杆分别长30 mm±1 mm和40 mm±2 mm.;上端内径95 mm±1 mm、外径120 mm±2 mm;下端内径30 mm±2 mm、外径165 mm±2 mm.;漏斗高95 mm±1 mm。集虫桶:上端桶内径155 mm±2 mm、外径165 mm±2 mm.;下端桶直径130 mm±1 mm、桶高135 mm±2 mm。
水盆诱捕器 Basin trap	水盆	上直径:34.5 cm;下直径:27 cm

表2 白星花金龟雌、雄成虫对果实和牛粪处理的趋性变化

Table 2 The tendency determination of female and male Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis in fruits-manure combinations

处理组 Treatment	雌虫Female		雄虫 Male		成虫 Adult
处理组 Treatment	吸引率 Attractant percent(%)	选择系数 Selection coefficient	吸引率 Attractant percent(%)	选择系数 Selection coefficient	吸引率 Attractant percent(%)	选择系数 Selection coefficient
番茄-牛粪 Tomatoes-Manure	16.67±3.33^b	0.03±0.03^b	23.33±3.3 $3 a b$	0.10±0.0 $6 a b$	21.67±1.67^b	0.07±0.04^b
西瓜-牛粪 Watermelon-Manure	36.67±3.33^a	0.20±0.0 $6 a b$	30.00±0.0 $0 a b$	0.17±0.0 $3 a b$	35.00±0.00^a	0.18±0.0 $4 a b$
苹果-牛粪 Apple-Manure	20.00±5.77^b	0.03±0.09^b	20.00±0.00^b	0.07±0.03^b	20.00±2.89^b	0.05±0.05^b
蟠桃-牛粪 Flat peach-Manure	23.33±3.33^b	0.13±0.03^b	23.33±3.3 $3 a b$	0.13±0.0 $3 a b$	23.33±3.33^b	0.13±0.03^b
甜瓜-牛粪 Melon -Manure	43.33±3.33^a	0.33±0.03^a	33.33±3.33^a	0.23±0.03^a	38.33±3.33^a	0.28±0.03^a
牛粪 Manure	16.67±3.33^b	0.07±0.03^b	20.00±5.77^b	0.10±0.0 $6 a b$	18.33±4.41^b	0.08±0.04^b

表2 白星花金龟雌、雄成虫对果实和牛粪处理的趋性变化

Table 2 The tendency determination of female and male Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis in fruits-manure combinations

处理组 Treatment	雌虫Female		雄虫 Male		成虫 Adult
处理组 Treatment	吸引率 Attractant percent(%)	选择系数 Selection coefficient	吸引率 Attractant percent(%)	选择系数 Selection coefficient	吸引率 Attractant percent(%)	选择系数 Selection coefficient
番茄-牛粪 Tomatoes-Manure	16.67±3.33^b	0.03±0.03^b	23.33±3.3 $3 a b$	0.10±0.0 $6 a b$	21.67±1.67^b	0.07±0.04^b
西瓜-牛粪 Watermelon-Manure	36.67±3.33^a	0.20±0.0 $6 a b$	30.00±0.0 $0 a b$	0.17±0.0 $3 a b$	35.00±0.00^a	0.18±0.0 $4 a b$
苹果-牛粪 Apple-Manure	20.00±5.77^b	0.03±0.09^b	20.00±0.00^b	0.07±0.03^b	20.00±2.89^b	0.05±0.05^b
蟠桃-牛粪 Flat peach-Manure	23.33±3.33^b	0.13±0.03^b	23.33±3.3 $3 a b$	0.13±0.0 $3 a b$	23.33±3.33^b	0.13±0.03^b
甜瓜-牛粪 Melon -Manure	43.33±3.33^a	0.33±0.03^a	33.33±3.33^a	0.23±0.03^a	38.33±3.33^a	0.28±0.03^a
牛粪 Manure	16.67±3.33^b	0.07±0.03^b	20.00±5.77^b	0.10±0.0 $6 a b$	18.33±4.41^b	0.08±0.04^b

表3 不同处理区白星花金龟成虫发生

Table 3 The numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis in different treatments on grapes

处理区 Treatments	白星花金龟成虫发生数量 (头/m²) Number of adult occurrence of protaeia brevitarsis (Head/m²)
空白对照区 Control	0.61±0.14^a
果实和牛粪诱集区 Fruit-manure trapping plot	0.25±0.04^b
牛粪诱集区 Manure trapping plot	0.49±0.0 $5 a b$

表3 不同处理区白星花金龟成虫发生

Table 3 The numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis in different treatments on grapes

处理区 Treatments	白星花金龟成虫发生数量 (头/m²) Number of adult occurrence of protaeia brevitarsis (Head/m²)
空白对照区 Control	0.61±0.14^a
果实和牛粪诱集区 Fruit-manure trapping plot	0.25±0.04^b
牛粪诱集区 Manure trapping plot	0.49±0.0 $5 a b$

图2 不同处理区牛粪中卵总量及幼虫总量

Fig.2 The total number of eggs and larvae in manure from different treatments

图3 不同果实和牛粪处理牛粪中卵总量及幼虫总量

Fig.3 The total number of eggs and larvae in manure from different fruit-manure treatments

表4 果实和牛粪处理对白星花金龟成虫诱集效果

Table 4 The trapping effects of fruits-manure treatments to Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis

处理组 Treatments	成虫诱集量(头) Adult trapping capacity(Head)
番茄-牛粪 Tomatoes - Manure	25.25±1.93^b
甜瓜-牛粪 Melon - Manure	43.50±5.07^a
西瓜-牛粪 Watermelon- Manure	43.50±7.27^a
蟠桃-牛粪 Flat peach- Manure	23.00±5.58^b
苹果-牛粪 Apple- Manure	16.75±2.43^b
牛粪 Manure	0 c

表5 不同诱捕器对葡萄园白星花金龟成虫诱集效果

Table 5 The effects of different traps on the trapping of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis in vineyard

诱捕器 Traps	成虫诱集量(头) Adult trapping capacity(Head)
诱捕器 Traps	引诱剂 Attractant	CK
桶状诱捕器 Barrel trap	113.25±16.44^a	33.25±13.14^a
小蠹虫诱捕器 A bookworm trap	58.25±8.96^b	23.75±5.2 $2 a b$
盆状诱捕器 Basin trap	11.50±7.14^c	0.00^c

表5 不同诱捕器对葡萄园白星花金龟成虫诱集效果

Table 5 The effects of different traps on the trapping of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis in vineyard

诱捕器 Traps	成虫诱集量(头) Adult trapping capacity(Head)
诱捕器 Traps	引诱剂 Attractant	CK
桶状诱捕器 Barrel trap	113.25±16.44^a	33.25±13.14^a
小蠹虫诱捕器 A bookworm trap	58.25±8.96^b	23.75±5.2 $2 a b$
盆状诱捕器 Basin trap	11.50±7.14^c	0.00^c

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