新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (10): 1918-1928.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.020
• 植物保护·土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境·农业装备工程与机械化 • 上一篇 下一篇
收稿日期:
2021-03-24
出版日期:
2021-10-20
发布日期:
2021-10-26
通信作者:
温浩军
作者简介:
张伟荣(1994-),男,山东泰安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为计算机视觉、农业信息化,(E-mail) zwr1617@foxmail.com
基金资助:
Weirong ZHANG1(), Haojun WEN1,2(), Chaofan QIAO1, Guangyan WANG1
Received:
2021-03-24
Online:
2021-10-20
Published:
2021-10-26
Correspondence author:
Haojun WEN
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究基于改进Mask R-CNN的玉米苗冠层分割算法,满足精准作业中对靶施肥的识别要求,提高化肥的使用效率,减少环境污染。【方法】采集田间玉米苗图片并增强数据,生成田间数据集;使用ResNeXt50/101-FPN作为特征提取网络对分割算法进行训练,并与原始ResNet50/101-FPN的训练精度结果作对比;采用不同光照强度及有伴生杂草的玉米苗图片对比验证冠层识别算法效果。【结果】在不同光照强度下,无伴生杂草的目标平均识别精度高于95.5%,分割精度达98.1%;在有伴生杂草与玉米苗有交叉重合情况下,目标平均识别精度高于94.7%,分割精度达97.9%。检测一帧图像的平均时间为0.11 s。【结论】Mask R-CNN的玉米苗及株芯检测算法有更高的准确率和分割精度,更能适应不同光照强度及有伴生杂草的苗草交叉重合情况的目标检测。
中图分类号:
张伟荣, 温浩军, 谯超凡, 汪光岩. 基于Mask R-CNN的玉米苗与株芯检测方法[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(10): 1918-1928.
Weirong ZHANG, Haojun WEN, Chaofan QIAO, Guangyan WANG. Maize Seedling and Core Detection Method Based on Mask R-CNN[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(10): 1918-1928.
卷积主干 Convolution backbone | 平均精度 AP | 平均精度均值 mAP | 训练时间 Training time (min) | 平均检测时间 Average detection time (ms) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
玉米叶片 The maize leaf | 玉米芯 The maize core | ||||
ResNet50-FPN | 0.801 | 0.255 | 0.528 | 170 | 53 |
ResNeXt50-FPN | 0.806 | 0.255 | 0.531 | 217 | 55 |
ResNet101-FPN | 0.816 | 0.266 | 0.541 | 224 | 61 |
ResNeXt101-FPN | 0.812 | 0.281 | 0.547 | 349 | 67 |
表1 识别模型中不同卷积主干网络的试验
Table 1 Test results of different convolutional backbone networks in the recognition model
卷积主干 Convolution backbone | 平均精度 AP | 平均精度均值 mAP | 训练时间 Training time (min) | 平均检测时间 Average detection time (ms) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
玉米叶片 The maize leaf | 玉米芯 The maize core | ||||
ResNet50-FPN | 0.801 | 0.255 | 0.528 | 170 | 53 |
ResNeXt50-FPN | 0.806 | 0.255 | 0.531 | 217 | 55 |
ResNet101-FPN | 0.816 | 0.266 | 0.541 | 224 | 61 |
ResNeXt101-FPN | 0.812 | 0.281 | 0.547 | 349 | 67 |
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 图片数/ 玉米苗株数 Number of pictures/ maize seedlings | 成功检测到的 玉米苗株/玉米芯数量 Number of maize seedlings/ maize cores successfully detected | 玉米苗/玉米芯 识别成功率 Maize seedling/maize core identification success rate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ||
阴天较弱光照 Weaker light on cloudy days | 25/30 | 28/28 | 30/28 | 93.3%/93.3% | 100%/93.3% |
晴天较强光照 Stronger light on a sunny day | 25/36 | 34/33 | 34/33 | 94.4%/91.7% | 94.4%/94.4% |
表2 不同光照强度下的目标分割像素
Table 2 Target segmentation pixel statistics table under different light intensity
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 图片数/ 玉米苗株数 Number of pictures/ maize seedlings | 成功检测到的 玉米苗株/玉米芯数量 Number of maize seedlings/ maize cores successfully detected | 玉米苗/玉米芯 识别成功率 Maize seedling/maize core identification success rate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ||
阴天较弱光照 Weaker light on cloudy days | 25/30 | 28/28 | 30/28 | 93.3%/93.3% | 100%/93.3% |
晴天较强光照 Stronger light on a sunny day | 25/36 | 34/33 | 34/33 | 94.4%/91.7% | 94.4%/94.4% |
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 图像序号 Image number | 真实像素值 True pixel value | 算法分割像素值 Pixel value obtained by algorithm segmentation | 分割精度 SA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | |||
较弱光照 Weaker light | 1 | 24 839 | 23 924 | 25 499 | 0.963 | 0.973 |
2 | 17 041 | 16 972 | 17 031 | 0.996 | 0.999 | |
3 | 41 691 | 40 198 | 41 324 | 0.964 | 0.991 | |
4 | 41 337 | 42 952 | 40 336 | 0.961 | 0.976 | |
5 | 33 402 | 33 433 | 33 371 | 0.999 | 0.999 | |
mSA | 0.977 | 0.988 | ||||
较强光照 Stronger light | 6 | 13 691 | 13 177 | 13 495 | 0.962 | 0.986 |
7 | 20 764 | 21 801 | 21 649 | 0.95 | 0.957 | |
8 | 15 085 | 14 533 | 15 368 | 0.963 | 0.981 | |
9 | 20 196 | 20 664 | 20 910 | 0.965 | 0.977 | |
10 | 17 994 | 17 384 | 17 571 | 0.966 | 0.976 | |
mSA | 0.961 | 0.975 |
表3 不同光照强度下的像素计算误差对比
Table 3 Comparison of pixel calculation errors under different light intensity
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 图像序号 Image number | 真实像素值 True pixel value | 算法分割像素值 Pixel value obtained by algorithm segmentation | 分割精度 SA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | |||
较弱光照 Weaker light | 1 | 24 839 | 23 924 | 25 499 | 0.963 | 0.973 |
2 | 17 041 | 16 972 | 17 031 | 0.996 | 0.999 | |
3 | 41 691 | 40 198 | 41 324 | 0.964 | 0.991 | |
4 | 41 337 | 42 952 | 40 336 | 0.961 | 0.976 | |
5 | 33 402 | 33 433 | 33 371 | 0.999 | 0.999 | |
mSA | 0.977 | 0.988 | ||||
较强光照 Stronger light | 6 | 13 691 | 13 177 | 13 495 | 0.962 | 0.986 |
7 | 20 764 | 21 801 | 21 649 | 0.95 | 0.957 | |
8 | 15 085 | 14 533 | 15 368 | 0.963 | 0.981 | |
9 | 20 196 | 20 664 | 20 910 | 0.965 | 0.977 | |
10 | 17 994 | 17 384 | 17 571 | 0.966 | 0.976 | |
mSA | 0.961 | 0.975 |
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 苗草交叉情况 Seedling and grass crossing situation | 图片数/玉米苗数 Number of pictures/ maize seedlings | 成功检测到的玉米苗数/玉米芯数 Number of maize seedlings/ maize cores successfully detected | 玉米苗/玉米芯识别成功率 Maize seedling/maize core identification success rate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | |||
较弱光照 Weakerlight | 无交叉 | 25/30 | 28/28 | 29/29 | 93.3%/93.3% | 96.7%/96.7% |
有交叉 | 25/35 | 32/32 | 32/33 | 91.4%/91.4% | 91.4%/94.3% | |
较强光照 Stronger light | 无交叉 | 25/30 | 28/27 | 29/28 | 93.3%/90% | 96.7%/93.3% |
有交叉 | 25/37 | 33/34 | 35/35 | 89.2%/91.9% | 94.6%/94.6% |
表4 不同光照强度下有伴生杂草的目标识别成功率
Table 4 Target recognition success rate with associated weeds under different light intensities
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 苗草交叉情况 Seedling and grass crossing situation | 图片数/玉米苗数 Number of pictures/ maize seedlings | 成功检测到的玉米苗数/玉米芯数 Number of maize seedlings/ maize cores successfully detected | 玉米苗/玉米芯识别成功率 Maize seedling/maize core identification success rate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | |||
较弱光照 Weakerlight | 无交叉 | 25/30 | 28/28 | 29/29 | 93.3%/93.3% | 96.7%/96.7% |
有交叉 | 25/35 | 32/32 | 32/33 | 91.4%/91.4% | 91.4%/94.3% | |
较强光照 Stronger light | 无交叉 | 25/30 | 28/27 | 29/28 | 93.3%/90% | 96.7%/93.3% |
有交叉 | 25/37 | 33/34 | 35/35 | 89.2%/91.9% | 94.6%/94.6% |
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 苗草交叉情况 Seedling and grass crossing situation | 图像 序号 Image number | 真实像素值 True pixel value | 算法分割像素值 Pixel value obtained by algorithm segmentation | 分割精度 SA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ||||
较弱光照 Weaker light | 无交叉 | 1 | 10 002 | 9 674 | 9 915 | 0.967 | 0.991 |
2 | 17 560 | 17 295 | 17 432 | 0.985 | 0.993 | ||
3 | 8 972 | 8 607 | 8 831 | 0.959 | 0.984 | ||
4 | 12 469 | 12 273 | 12 325 | 0.984 | 0.988 | ||
5 | 15 019 | 14 736 | 14 952 | 0.981 | 0.996 | ||
mSA | 0.975 | 0.99 | |||||
有交叉 | 6 | 18 803 | 19 669 | 18 504 | 0.954 | 0.984 | |
7 | 20 530 | 20 141 | 20 272 | 0.981 | 0.987 | ||
8 | 14 512 | 14 739 | 14 692 | 0.984 | 0.988 | ||
9 | 34 502 | 32 805 | 35 833 | 0.951 | 0.961 | ||
10 | 16 553 | 16 269 | 16 402 | 0.983 | 0.991 | ||
mSA | 0.971 | 0.982 | |||||
较强光照 Stronger light | 无交叉 | 11 | 9 815 | 9 953 | 10 036 | 0.986 | 0.977 |
12 | 28 357 | 26 907 | 27 371 | 0.949 | 0.965 | ||
13 | 35 319 | 33 986 | 34 713 | 0.962 | 0.983 | ||
14 | 15 490 | 15 142 | 15 184 | 0.978 | 0.98 | ||
15 | 10 597 | 10 183 | 10 115 | 0.961 | 0.955 | ||
mSA | 0.967 | 0.972 | |||||
有交叉 | 16 | 23 353 | 24 871 | 24 741 | 0.935 | 0.941 | |
17 | 57 109 | 55 124 | 55 620 | 0.965 | 0.974 | ||
18 | 17 373 | 16 752 | 17 249 | 0.964 | 0.993 | ||
19 | 26 039 | 25 600 | 26 535 | 0.983 | 0.981 | ||
20 | 15 190 | 15 982 | 15 705 | 0.948 | 0.966 | ||
mSA | 0.959 | 0.971 |
表5 不同光照强度下有伴生杂草的目标分割像素
Table 5 Pixel statistics table of target segmentation with associated weeds under different light intensities
光照条件 Lighting conditions | 苗草交叉情况 Seedling and grass crossing situation | 图像 序号 Image number | 真实像素值 True pixel value | 算法分割像素值 Pixel value obtained by algorithm segmentation | 分割精度 SA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ResNet101-FPN | ResNeXt101-FPN | ||||
较弱光照 Weaker light | 无交叉 | 1 | 10 002 | 9 674 | 9 915 | 0.967 | 0.991 |
2 | 17 560 | 17 295 | 17 432 | 0.985 | 0.993 | ||
3 | 8 972 | 8 607 | 8 831 | 0.959 | 0.984 | ||
4 | 12 469 | 12 273 | 12 325 | 0.984 | 0.988 | ||
5 | 15 019 | 14 736 | 14 952 | 0.981 | 0.996 | ||
mSA | 0.975 | 0.99 | |||||
有交叉 | 6 | 18 803 | 19 669 | 18 504 | 0.954 | 0.984 | |
7 | 20 530 | 20 141 | 20 272 | 0.981 | 0.987 | ||
8 | 14 512 | 14 739 | 14 692 | 0.984 | 0.988 | ||
9 | 34 502 | 32 805 | 35 833 | 0.951 | 0.961 | ||
10 | 16 553 | 16 269 | 16 402 | 0.983 | 0.991 | ||
mSA | 0.971 | 0.982 | |||||
较强光照 Stronger light | 无交叉 | 11 | 9 815 | 9 953 | 10 036 | 0.986 | 0.977 |
12 | 28 357 | 26 907 | 27 371 | 0.949 | 0.965 | ||
13 | 35 319 | 33 986 | 34 713 | 0.962 | 0.983 | ||
14 | 15 490 | 15 142 | 15 184 | 0.978 | 0.98 | ||
15 | 10 597 | 10 183 | 10 115 | 0.961 | 0.955 | ||
mSA | 0.967 | 0.972 | |||||
有交叉 | 16 | 23 353 | 24 871 | 24 741 | 0.935 | 0.941 | |
17 | 57 109 | 55 124 | 55 620 | 0.965 | 0.974 | ||
18 | 17 373 | 16 752 | 17 249 | 0.964 | 0.993 | ||
19 | 26 039 | 25 600 | 26 535 | 0.983 | 0.981 | ||
20 | 15 190 | 15 982 | 15 705 | 0.948 | 0.966 | ||
mSA | 0.959 | 0.971 |
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