新疆霍城蝴蝶群落多样性

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究新疆霍城蝴蝶的群落结构,对霍城县5种不同生境进行蝴蝶群落组成与多样性分析。方法 2016~2017年5~8月采用样线法观测蝴蝶,α–多样性测度方法分析其物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数及科、属和种级分类下的多样性指数。结果共记录蝴蝶1 993只, 隶属于7科29属39种。粉蝶科个体数占比54.9%,是该地区的优势类群;绢蝶科、凤蝶科和弄蝶科是稀有类群。蝴蝶群落呈现季节性变化,蝶类种类和数量的高峰期出现在6和7月。通过不同生境蝴蝶群落多样性和相似度比较,5种生境类型的多样性指数变化趋势为山地森林>山地草原>农田>亚高山草甸>荒漠,山地草原和亚高山草甸的相似性系数较高,达到0.458,荒漠和亚高山草甸的相似性系数最低,为0.2。结论蝴蝶群落的多样性与生境类型密切相关,植物群落的组成、海拔高度、人为干扰程度和气候等因素对蝴蝶种类组成有较大的影响。

关键词: 蝴蝶; 多样性; 人为干扰

Abstract: Objective In order to explore species diversity of butterfly in five different habitats from Huocheng County .Method Butterfly monitoring was conducted with the line transect method from May to August in 2016 and 2017,and the diversity, evenness and dominance of the community on the levels of family, genus and species were studied by the method of α-diversity.Result The number of 1993 individuals were recorded, which belongs to 7 families, 29 genera and 39 species. Pieridae was the dominant family, which accounts for 54.9%; Parnassiidae、Papilionidae and Hesperiidae were regarded as the rare species. The species richness and quantity of the butterflies are different in different seasons, which reached their peaks in June and July. The diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in different habitats were compared, the diversity indices of butterfly in the typica habitats ranked in descending order of mountain forest > mountain steppe > cropland > subalpine meadow > desert. The largest similarity coefficient of the five different habitats was found between the mountain steppe and subalpine meadow (0.458) , the least was between desert and subalpine meadow (0.2) .Conclusion Our results indicated that butterfly diversity was closely related to the habitat type. At the same time, the factors, including the composition of the plant community, the altitude, the degree of human disturbance and the temperature do have a great influence on the diversity of the butterfly community.

Key words: butterfly; diversity; disturbance

中图分类号:

郭婕, 吴卫, 蒋玲玲, 胡红英. 新疆霍城蝴蝶群落多样性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(3): 446-456.

GUO Jie, WU Wei, JIANG Ling-ling, HU Hong-ying. The community diversity of butterflies in Huocheng County, Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(3): 446-456.

参考文献 33

[1]	Butchart S H M, Walpole M, Collen B, et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines[J]. Science, 328(5982) : 1,164-1,168.
[2]	Pimm S L, Russell G J, Gittleman J L, et al. (1995). The Future of Biodiversity[J]. Science, 269(5222) : 347-350.
[3]	Nowicki P, Settele J, Henry P Y, et al. (2008). Butterly monitoring methods: The ideal and the real world[J]. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 54: 69-88.
[4]	房丽君, 徐海根, 关建玲. 欧洲蝴蝶监测的历史、现状与我国的发展对策[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(9): 2 691-2 698.FANG Li-jun, XU Hai-geng, GUAN Jian-lin. (2013). History and present status of butterfly monitoring in Europe and related development strategies for China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24(9): 2,691-2,698. (in Chinese)
[5]	Hermy M, Comelis. (2000). Towards a monitoring method and a number of multifaceted and hierarchical biodiversity indicators for urban and suburban parks[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49: 149-162.
[6]	Maes D, Van D H. (2001). Butterfly diversity loss in Flanders (north Belgium): Europe′s worst case scenario[J] Biological Conservation, 99: 263-276.
[7]	Jane K H, Clare L H, Calvin D, et al. (2006). Searle Genetic diversity in butterflies: interactive effects of habitat fragmentation and climate-driven range expansion[J]. Biology Letters, 2(1) : 152-154.
[8]	曹铭昌, 乐志芳, 雷军成, 等. 全球生物多样性评估方法及研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(1) : 8-16.CAO Ming-chang, LE Zhi-fang, LEI Jun-cheng, et al. (2013). Approaches to Assessment of Global Biodiversity and Advancements in Their Researches[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 29(1) : 8-16. (in Chinese)
[9]	李锦轶, 王克卓, 李亚萍, 等. 天山山脉地貌特征、地壳组成与地质演化[J]. 地质通报, 2006, 25(8): 895-909.LI Jin-yi, WANG Ke-zhuo, LI Ya-ping, et al. (2006). Climate Change Characters in Recent 50 Years in Yili Valley Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 25(8): 895-909. (in Chinese)
[10]	Ehrlich PR, Murphy DD.(1987). Conservation lessons from long-term studies of checkerspot butterflies[J]. Conservation Biology, 1: 122-131.
[11]	李密, 周红春, 谭济才, 等. 乌云界国家级自然保护区蝴蝶物种多样性及其保护[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(6):1 585-1 591.LI Mi, ZHOU Hong-chun, TAN Ji-cai, et al.(2011). Butterfly species diversity and its conservation in Wu yun jie National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province of China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22(6):1,585-1,591. (in Chinese)
[12]	王旭娜, 钱宏革, 白晓拴. 包头市九峰山蝴蝶群落多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(7):2 040-2 044.WANG Xu-na, QIAN Hong-ge, BAI Xiao-shuan.(2018).The community diversity of butterflies in Jiufeng Mountain of Baotou[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37(7):2,040-2,044. (in Chinese)
[13]	Pyry, J Luoto M , Heikkinen R K , et al. (2010). Species traits explain recent range shifts of Finnish butterflies.[J]. Global Change Biology, 15(3):732-743.
[14]	徐中志, 和加卫, 杨燕林, 等. 玉龙雪山蝴蝶资源保护及开发利用研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2007, 20(3):551-555.XU Zhong-zhi, HE Jia-wei, YANG Yan-lin, et al.(2007).The study of the resources conservation and the development and utilization of the butterfly resources of Jade dragon snow mountain[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(3):551-555. (in Chinese)
[15]	吕学农, 段晓东, 王文广, 等. 阿勒泰山蝴蝶种类调查及其垂直分布的研究[J]. 生物多样性, 1999, 7(1) : 8-14.LÜ Xue-nong, DUAN Xiao-dong, WANG Wen-guang, et al. (1999). A study on species and vertical distribution of butterflies in Altai Montains Xinjiang, China[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 7(1) : 8-14. (in Chinese)
[16]	李维东, 张翔, 张会斌. 新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区综合科学考察[M]. 新疆: 新疆科学技术出社,2013: 223- 233.LI Wei-dong, ZHANG Xiang,ZHANG Hui-Bin. (2013). Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of Arjinshan National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang[M]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Hygience Publishing House, 2013: 223- 233. (in Chinese)
[17]	张鑫, 胡红英, 吕昭智. 新疆东部天山蝶类多样性及其垂直分布[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(17) : 5 329-5 338.ZHANG Xin, HU Hong-ying, LÜ Zhao-zhi. (2013). Butterfly diversity and vertical distribution in eastern Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(17) : 5,329-5,338. (in Chinese)
[18]	李照广, 尹弯, 钟问, 等. 新疆夏尔希里自然保护区山地草原带蝴蝶资源调查[J]. 新疆大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 34(2):219-222.LI Zhao-guang, YING Wan, ZHONG Wen, et al.(2017). An Investigation of Butterfly Resources in Mountain Steppe Of Xarxili Nature Reserve,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition), 34(2):219-222. (in Chinese)
[19]	黄人鑫, 孙庆文. 新疆天山西部的蝶类及其垂直分布[J]. 新疆大学学报(自然科学版), 1984, (2): 94-96.HUANG Ren-xin, SUN Qing-wen. (1984). Rutterflies of west part of Tian-shan from Xinjiang and their vertical distribution[J]. Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition), (2): 94-96. (in Chinese)
[20]	李聪, 曹占洲, 丁林, 等. 新疆伊犁河谷地区50a来气候变化特征分析[J]. 山西农业科学, 2012, 40(5): 508-514.LI Cong, CAO Zhan-zhou, DING Lin, et al. (2012). Climate Change Characters in Recent 50 Years in Yili Valley Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 40(5): 508-514. (in Chinese)
[21]	张山清, 普宗朝, 李景林. 近50年新疆日照时数时空变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(11): 1 481-1 492.ZHANG Shan-qing, PU Zong-chao, LI Jing-lin. (2013).The spatial-temporal variation of sunshine duration in Xinjiang during 1961-2010[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 68(11): 1,481-1,492. (in Chinese)
[22]	张家宝, 陈洪武, 毛炜峄, 等. 新疆气候变化与生态环境的初步评估[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2008, 2(4): 1-11.ZHANG Jia-bao, CHEN Hong-wu, MAO Wei-yi, et al. (2008). The Elementary Assessment of Climate Change and Environment in Xinjiang[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2(4): 1-11. (in Chinese)
[23]	邓合黎, 马琦, 李爱民. 重庆市蝴蝶多样性环境健康指示作用和环境监测评价体系构建[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(16) : 5 208-5 218.DENG He-li, MA Qi, LI Ai-min. (2012). The establishment of the indication on environmental health of butterfly and of the environmental monitoring evaluation system in Chongqing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(16): 5,208-5,218. (in Chinese)
[24]	肖风劲, 欧阳华, 孙江华, 等. 森林生态系统健康评价指标与方法[J]. 林业资源管理, 2004, 2(1): 27-31.XIAO Feng-jin, OU Yang-hua, SUN Jiang-hua, et al. (2004). Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment Indicators and Methods[J]. Forest Resources Management, 2(1) : 27-31. (in Chinese)
[25]	周尧. 中国蝶类志[M]. 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 2000:93-745.ZHOU Yao. (2000). Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium[M].Zhengzhou: Henan Scientific Technological Publishing House:93-745. (in Chinese)
[26]	王敏, 范骁凌. 中国灰蝶志[M]. 河南: 河南科学技术出版社, 2002.WANG Min, FAN Xiao-ling.(2002). Butterflies Fauna Sinica: Lycaenidae[M]. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House. (in Chinese)
[27]	黄人鑫, 周红, 李新平. 新疆蝴蝶[M]. 新疆: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 2000:14-105.HUANG Ren-xin, ZHOU Hong, LI Xin-ping. (2000). Butterflies in Xinjiang[M]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang Science, Technology and Hygience Publishing House:14-105. (in Chinese)
[28]	左自途, 袁兴中, 刘红, 等. 重庆市主城区不同生境类型的蝴蝶多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(6): 946-950.ZUO Zi-tu, YUAN Xing-zhong, LIU Hong, et al.(2008). Butterfly diversity in different types of habitat in Chongqing urban area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27(6): 946-950. (in Chinese)
[29]	马克平, 刘玉明. 生物多样性的测度方法I:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J]. 生物多样性, 1994, 2(4): 231-239.MA Ke-ping, LIU Yu-ming. (1994). Measurement of biotic community diversity I:α Measurement of diversity[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 2(4): 231-239. (in Chinese)
[30]	戈昕宇, 洪雪萌, 马方舟, 等. 内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区蝶类群落多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018,37(8):2 376-2 383.GE Xin-yu, HONG Xue-meng, MA Fang-zhou, et al. (2018). The species diversity of butterfly community in Saihanwula Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37(8):2,376-2,383. (in Chinese)
[31]	韩争伟, 马玲, 曹传旺, 等. 太湖湿地昆虫群落结构及多样性[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(14) : 4 387-4 397.HAN Zheng-wei, MA Ling, CAO Chuan-wang, et al. (2013). The structure and diversity of insect community in Taihu Wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(14) : 4,387-4,397. (in Chinese)
[32]	刘灿然, 马克平, 吕延华, 等. 生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅵ:与多样性测度有关的统计问题[J]. 生物多样性, 1998, 6(3): 229-239.LIU Can-ran, MA Ke-ping, LÜ Yan-hua, et al. (1998). Measurement of biotic community diversity VI :the statistical aspects of diversity measures[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 6(3): 229-239. (in Chinese)
[33]	胡冰冰, 李后魂, 梁之聘, 等. 八仙山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性及区系组成[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(12): 3 226-3 238.HU Bing-bing, LI Hou-hun, LIANG Zhi-pin, et al. (2010). Diversity and fauna of butterflies in Baxian Mountain State Nature Reserves[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(12): 3,226-3,238. (in Chinese)