新疆西部天然草地生物量与根冠比特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究新疆西部主要天然草地类型地上、地下生物量和根冠比的特征,为草地碳储量研究提供基础数据与理论依据。【方法】 通过典型样地调查,测定新疆西部4种主要天然草地类型的地上生物量、凋落物生物量和地下生物量,分析不同草地类型的生物量和根冠比特征。【结果】 新疆西部天然草地中,低地盐化草甸和温性荒漠草地地上活体生物量相对较高,分别为121.27和110.78 g/m²,是温性荒漠草原的2.21和2.02倍;高寒荒漠草原草地地下生物量相对最大,为2 517.77 g/m²,分别是其他草地类型的1.39、2.12和3.85倍;高寒荒漠草原草地的总生物量相对最大,达到了2 578.49 g/m²,草地总生物量最小的温性荒漠为777.92 g/m²。不同组分生物量中地下根系的生物量分别占到总生物量的89.90%、97.65%、96.77%和84.16%,各类草地中高寒荒漠草原和温性荒漠草原草地的根冠比相对较大,分别为41.58和32.79,显著高于低地盐化草甸和温性荒漠草地,差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】 新疆西部4种天然草地类型地上活体生物量的大小顺序为:低地盐化草甸＞温性荒漠＞高寒荒漠草原＞温性荒漠草原;而其地下生物量、总生物量和根冠比的特征均表现为:高寒荒漠草原＞温性荒漠草原＞低地盐化草甸＞温性荒漠,各类草地不同组分生物量的占比特征均表现为:地下根系＞地上活体＞凋落物。

关键词: 天然草地; 生物量; 根冠比; 特征

Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the characteristics of aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and root-shoot ratio of natural grassland in the hope of providing basic data and theoretical reference for the study of grassland carbon stocks in western Xinjiang.【Method】 The aboveground biomass, litter biomass and belowground biomass of four main natural grassland types in western Xinjiang were measured through typical sample plot investigation, and the characteristics of biomass and root-shoot ratio of different grassland types were analyzed.【Result】 The aboveground living biomass of the lowland saline meadows and temperate desert grasslands was higher than others in western Xinjiang, which were 121.27 and 110.78 g/m², respectively, 2.21 and 2.02 times higher than temperate desert steppe. The belowground biomass of the alpine desert steppe was the largest, which was 2,517.77 g/m², 1.39, 2.12 and 3.85 times higher than others. The total biomass of the alpine desert was the largest, relatively, reaching 2,578.49 g/m², and the total biomass of the temperate desert was the smallest, which was 777.92 g/m². The belowground root biomass of different components accounted for 89.90%, 97.65%, 96.77% and 84.16% of the total biomass, respectively. Root-shoot ratio of alpine desert steppe and temperate desert steppe were higher than others, which were 41.58 and 32.79, respectively, significantly higher than that of the lowland saline meadows and temperate desert(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The results indicated that the order of aboveground living biomass of four natural grassland types in western Xinjiang was: lowland saline meadows > temperate desert > alpine desert steppe > temperate desert steppe, and the characteristics of belowground biomass, total biomass and root-shoot ratio of natural grassland were as follows: alpine desert steppe > temperate desert steppe > lowland saline meadows > temperate desert. The characteristics biomass of different components was as follows: belowground root biomass > aboveground biomass > litter biomass in western Xinjiang.

Key words: growth stages; major gene plus polygene inheritance; genetic analysis

查向浩,王泽,刘耘华,李瑞霞,盛建东,易海艳. 新疆西部天然草地生物量与根冠比特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(10): 1943-1951.

ZHA Xiang-hao, WANG Ze, LIU Yun-hua, LI Rui-xia, SHENG Jian-dong, YI Hai-yan. Study on the Characteristics of Biomass and Root-Shoot Ratio of the Main Natural Grassland Types in Western Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(10): 1943-1951.

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