新疆裸重唇鱼不同地理种群形态差异

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.031

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 511-520.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.031

• 林业·草业·畜牧兽医 • 上一篇

新疆裸重唇鱼不同地理种群形态差异

张永杰¹(), 陈生熬¹^,²(), 王程欣¹, 王新月¹, 李江玲¹, 谢从新¹^,², 魏齐³

1.塔里木大学动物科学学院/塔里木珍稀鱼类研究中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.华中农业大学水产学院, 武汉 430070
3.新疆昭苏县山水农业科技有限公司,新疆昭苏 835600

收稿日期:2022-08-10 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-03-31
通信作者: 陈生熬(1980-),男,青海人,教授,博士,研究方向为渔业资源与环境,(E-mail)chenshengao@163.com
作者简介:张永杰(1997-),男,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为鱼类生物学,(E-mail)2549841470@qq.com
基金资助:
农业财政专项“西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”;塔里木畜牧科技兵团重点实验室项目“伊犁裂腹鱼人工繁殖关键技术研究”(HS201902)

Morphological Differentiation of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii Kessler among Different Geographical Populations

ZHANG Yongjie¹(), CHEN Shengao¹^,²(), WANG Chengxin¹, WANG Xinyue¹, LI Jiangling¹, XIE Congxin¹^,², WEI Qi³

1. College of Animal Science/ Tarim Research Center of Rare Fishes, Tarim University, Alar Xinjing 843300, China
2. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Xinjiang Zhaosu Shanshui Agricultural Technology Co..Ltd, Zhaosu Xinjing 835600,China

Received:2022-08-10 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-03-31
Correspondence author: CHEN Shengao (1980-), male, native place: Qinghai, professor, Doctor, Research area: Fishery resources and Environment,(E-mail)chenshengao@163.com
Supported by:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Finance Special "Investigation on Fishery Resources and Environment in Key Waters of Northwest China";Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Project of XPCC "Critical Ttechniques for Artificial Propagation of Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis"(HS201902)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同地理种群新疆裸重唇鱼的形态特征差异。【方法】 2020~2021年通过采集玛纳斯河和特克斯河新疆裸重唇鱼样本,运用鱼类生态学方法鉴定其形态特征,分析其不同种群生物学性状。【结果】 新疆裸重唇鱼,玛纳斯河群体和特克斯河群体外形特征差异较为明显,体重和体长两河群体差异显著(P<0.05),体宽和头长,玛纳斯河与特克斯河的范围值和均值差异极显著(P<0.01)。体长与体重回归方程:W_M=0.049L^{1.992 8}(R²=0.932 0),W_M=1.39×10^-6L^{3.127 5}(R²=0.964 8)。不同群体生物学性状生长趋势不同,玛纳斯河群体以头长明显,特克斯河群体则以体宽明显。玛纳斯河群体35尾和特克斯河群体65尾,主成分1是54.6%,主成分2是11.6%,两群体均无重叠;影响主成分1的主要性状是:体高、背鳍起点到腹鳍起点;影响主成分2是背鳍起点到背鳍后基、背鳍起点到臀鳍起点、背鳍起点到尾鳍下。玛纳斯河群体和特克斯河群体判别函数:Y_M=-1 985.90-1 934.51X₁-2 020.77X₂+5 137.86X₃+2 858.24X₄+3 111.14X₅-2 376.61X₆+2 494.94X₇+4 382.91X₈;Y_T=-1 826.92-2 036.21X₁-1 770.91X₂+4 898.46X₃+3 679.48X₄+1 882.97X₅-919.60X₆+3 189.76X₇+4 632.12X₈。【结论】 新疆裸重唇鱼生活史中,生长性状体高、吻长及眼间距是生长中直接影响生长因子。新疆裸重唇鱼,天山南北水系共同种,高度特化鱼类,对于水域生态环境的多样性丰富极为重要,形态特征差异较大,典型异质性的高原鱼类,生长异速,不稳定,不同群体生长性状差异明显。

关键词: 新疆裸重唇鱼; 形态特征; 生长性状; 差异

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the analysis of differences in morphological characteristics of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii of different geographical populations. 【Methods】 From 2020 to 2021,Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were collected from Manas River and Turks River, fish ecology was used to identify its morphological characteristics and analyze their different population biological traits. 【Result】 The differences in appearance characteristics between Manas River group and Turks River group of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were more obvious, and the differences in body weight and body length between the two groups were significant (P<0.05), body width and head length, range and mean values in Manas River and Turks River were significantly different (P<0.01. Regression equation of body length and body weight: W_M=0.049L^{1.992 8}(R²=0.932,0),W_T=1.39×10-6L^{3.127 5}(R²=0.964,8).The growth trends of biological traits in different populations of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were different: the head length of Manas River population was obvious, while that of Turks River population was body width. Combined with the Manas River population of 35 and the Turks River population of 65, the principal component 1 was 54.6%, and the principal component 2 was 11.6%. There was no overlap between either population; The main traits affecting principal component 1 were: body height, dorsal fin starting point to ventral fin starting point; The main traits affecting principal component 2 are: dorsal fin starting point to dorsal fin posterior base, dorsal fin starting point to hip fin starting point, dorsal fin starting point to caudal fin. The Manas River group and the Turks River group could be distinguished according to their shapes, and their functions are as follows: Y_M = -1,985.90-1,934.51X₁-2,020.77X₂ + 5,137.86X₃ + 2,858.24X₄ + 3,111.14X₅-2,376.61X₆ + 2,494.94X₇ + 4,382.91X₈; Y_T = -1,826.92-2,036.21X₁-1,770.91X₂ + 4,898.46X₃ + 3,679.48X₄ + 1,882.97X₅-919.60X₆ + 3,189.76X₇ + 4,632.12X₈. The growth traits body height, tongue length and eye cross were directly influential growth factors in the life history of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and played a key role in guiding their selection and breeding. 【Conclusion】 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii,a common species in the north-south water system of the Tianshan Mountains, highly specialized fish, is extremely important for the diversity of water ecological environment, with widely varying morphological characters, typical heterogeneous plateau fishes, heterogeneous growth rates and instability, and obvious differences in growth traits among different groups, resource depletion has intensified, and there is an urgent need to carry out germplasm restoration and conservation to consolidate the ecological balance of Xinjiang's endemic fishery resources.

Key words: Gymnodiptychus dybowskii; morphological characteristics; growth trait; variance analysis

中图分类号:

张永杰, 陈生熬, 王程欣, 王新月, 李江玲, 谢从新, 魏齐. 新疆裸重唇鱼不同地理种群形态差异[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 511-520.

ZHANG Yongjie, CHEN Shengao, WANG Chengxin, WANG Xinyue, LI Jiangling, XIE Congxin, WEI Qi. Morphological Differentiation of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii Kessler among Different Geographical Populations[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 511-520.

图/表 7

图1 采集自玛纳斯河和特克斯河的新疆裸重唇鱼(M,上/T,下)

Fig.1 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii in Manas river and Turks river(M,U/T,D)

图2 新疆裸重唇鱼体重/体长分布(M,左/T,右)

Fig.2 Distributions of the standard weight/length frequency of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii in Manas river and Turks river(M,L/T,R)

图3 玛纳斯河新疆裸重唇鱼体高/体宽/头长分布(M,左/T,右)

Fig.3 Distributions of the standard body depth/body width/head length frequency of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii in Manas river and Turks river(M,L/T,R)

图4 新疆裸重唇鱼体长与体重关系图(M,左/T,右)

Fig.4 Length-weight relationships of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii(M,L/T,R)

图5 新疆裸重唇鱼玛纳斯河体长与体高/体宽/头长/吻长的关系

Fig.5 Length- Body Depth/Body Width/Head Length/Snout Length relationships of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii in Manas river

图6 新疆裸重唇鱼特克斯河体长与体高/体宽/头长/吻长的关系

Fig.6 Length- Body Depth/Body Width/Head Length/Snout Length relationships of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii in Turks river

图7 新疆裸重唇鱼的第一、第二主成分构建散点

Fig.7 The distribution of the first and second principal components of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii

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新疆裸重唇鱼不同地理种群形态差异

Morphological Differentiation of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii Kessler among Different Geographical Populations

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