膜下滴灌棉花不同播期对植株顶部棉铃单铃重和纤维品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同播期顶部棉铃发育过程中温度变化对棉铃铃重和品质形成的机理,分析膜下滴灌棉田播种后棉铃铃期发育及品质问题,以及分期播种后棉花顶部棉铃发育与温度的关系,确定播期及喷施脱叶剂日期,为膜下滴灌棉花确定播期和提高棉花纤维品质供理论依据。【方法】于2016~2017年在新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站开展田间试验,以正常温度播种时间为对照、设置3~4个播期,根据不同播期播种,调查棉花铃期,测定棉铃单铃重、棉花纤维品质等指标。【结果】4月8日(早播)播种条件下棉花顶部棉铃单铃重较其余播种日期高0.79%~11.02%;花铃期提前3~10 d;棉花纤维长度高1.05%~3.86%、比强度高2.00%~9.49%、整齐度高0.59%~2.03%、马克隆值高0.41%~13.76%。【结论】4月8日(早播)播种条件下棉花顶部棉铃发育在23.70~23.86℃的日均温条件下,花铃期提前,棉花顶部铃铃期发育时间缩短,且单铃重较大,棉花纤维品质较高。其中,日均气温对棉花单铃重和纤维品质影响最大,可最为衡量棉花顶部棉铃发育的重要指标。4月29日(晚播)播种条件下棉花顶部棉铃发育由于最低温度的影响导致铃期缩短,棉花纤维发育受到影响,不利于高强纤维和高质量棉铃的形成。

关键词: 棉花; 播期; 温度; 纤维品质; 铃期; 单铃重

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the development and quality of cotton boll period after sowing in cotton field under drip irrigation based on the different sowing dates and analyze the relationship between cotton boll development and temperature in cotton top after sowing in stages so as to provide theoretical basis for determining the date of sowing and the date of spraying defoliant.【Method】Field experiments were carried out at Wulanwusu agricultural meteorological test station between years 2016 and 2017. With normal temperature sowing time as control and setting up 3-4 sowing dates, the cotton boll weight and cotton fiber quality were measured. The weight and quality of cotton boll and bell during the development of cotton bolls at the top of different sowing dates were studied. The mechanism of quality formation provided theoretical basis for determining sowing and improving fiber quality of cotton under mulch drip irrigation. 【Result】Under the conditions of April 8th (early sowing), the single boll weight of cotton boll was 0.79%-11.02% higher than the those at other sowing dates, the flowering boll stage was 3-10 days earlier, the cotton fiber length was 1.05%-3.86% higher, the strength was 2.00%-9.49% higher, the uniformity was 0.59%-2.03% higher, and the value of the micronaire was 0.41%-13.76% higher.【Conclusion】under the condition of daily temperature of 23.70-23.86 ℃, the cotton boll growth in the top of cotton in April 8th (early sowing) conditions, the period of flower and boll is earlier, the development time of cotton top boll ring is shortened, and the weight of the single bell is larger and the fiber quality of cotton is higher. Among them, daily average temperature has the greatest influence on cotton boll weight and fiber quality, and could be used as an important index to measure cotton boll development at the top of cotton. In April 29 th (late sowing), the cotton boll development is shortened and fiber development is affected by the minimum temperature, which is not conducive to the formation of high strength fiber and high quality cotton boll.

Key words: cotton; sowing date; temperature; fiber quality; boll stage; single boll weight

中图分类号:

S562

随龙龙, 田景山, 张煦怡, 赵宝改, 向导, 张旺锋. 膜下滴灌棉花不同播期对植株顶部棉铃单铃重和纤维品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(7): 1194-1202.

SUI Long-long, TIAN Jing-shan, ZHANG Xu-yi, ZHAO Bao-gai, XIANG Dao, ZHANG Wang-feng. Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Boll Weight and Fiber Quality of Top Boll of Cotton under Mulched Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(7): 1194-1202.

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