滴灌棉田非生育期春灌温度和灌水量对土壤盐分的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析非生育期春灌温度和灌水量对土壤盐分的影响,为灌区提供较为合理的非生育期灌水方案。【方法】制定6种棉田灌水方案,开展田间试验,检测不同方案下的土壤盐分含量,分析非生育期春灌的灌水量和温度对土壤盐分的影响。【结果】在设置的三个灌水量2 250、1 800和1 350 m³/hm²方案中,2 250 m³/hm²为较优灌水量;地温5℃,气温12℃时灌水的脱盐效果比地温10℃,气温17℃时灌水的效果要好。【结论】灌水量越多,土壤洗盐效果越好;在相同灌水量下,温度对土壤脱盐效果影响极大;由于试验区蒸发强烈,导致土壤返盐速率很快,春灌时间不宜过早。

关键词: 滴灌棉田; 非生育期春灌; 土壤盐分; 温度; 灌水量

Abstract: 【Objective】 The long-term drip irrigation in Xinjiang oasis irrigation area resulted in the accumulation of salt in the soil, and the rational irrigation in the non-crops growing season has a certain leaching effect on the soil salt. To study the effect of irrigation temperature and irrigation water on soil salinity and to provide a reasonable irrigation scheme for irrigation area in non-crops growing season. 【Method】Six irrigation schemes for cotton fields were formulated, field experiments were carried out in Korla area, Bazhou, Xinjiang, and the soil salt content under these six irrigation schemes was detected. Finally the effects of irrigation amount and temperature on soil salinity in non-crops growing season irrigation were analyzed through the experimental results. 【Result】Among the three irrigation water schemes: 2,250 m³/hm², 1,800 m³/hm² and 1,350 m³/hm², 2,250 m³/hm² was a better one. The effect of desalination under the situation that ground temperature was 5℃, the atmospheric temperature at 12℃ was better than that when the ground temperature was 10℃ and the effect of irrigation at 17℃ was even better. the atmospheric temperature is 17℃.【Conclusion】The results showed that the more irrigation water, the better soil leaching effect. Under the same irrigation amount, temperature has a great influence on the desalination effect of soil. Besides, due to the strong evaporation of the experimental area, the rate of salt back to soil is very fast, so the spring irrigation time should not be too early.

Key words: drip irrigation in cotton field; non-crops growing season spring irrigation; soil salt; temperature; irrigation water

中图分类号:

S562
S36

岳春芳,孙珍珍,李艺珍. 滴灌棉田非生育期春灌温度和灌水量对土壤盐分的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(3): 414-419.

YUE Chun-fang, SUN Zhen-zhen, LI Yi-zhen. Effects of Spring Irrigation Temperature and Water on Soil Salinity during the Non-crops Growing Season in Cotton Field with Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(3): 414-419.

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