荷斯坦母牛血钾浓度的影响因素分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.026

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (9): 2303-2309.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.026

• 畜牧兽医·农业装备工程与机械化·农业经济 • 上一篇下一篇

荷斯坦母牛血钾浓度的影响因素分析

施霁桢¹(), 高清¹, 杨智超¹, 张四维¹, 罗荪琳¹, 黄上真¹, 张海亮¹, 郭彦斌², 郭刚², 俞英¹, 王雅春¹()

1.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院/农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖（家畜）重点实验室/畜禽育种国家工程实验室，北京 100193
2.北京首农畜牧发展有限公司，北京 100176

收稿日期:2021-02-08 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2023-01-16
通信作者: 王雅春
作者简介:施霁桢（1998-），女，四川成都人，本科生，研究方向为动物科学，（E-mail）1577264111@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200903);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Blood Potassium in Holstein Cows

SHI Jizhen¹(), GAO Qing¹, YANG Zhichao¹, ZHANG Siwei¹, LUO Sunlin¹, HUANG Shangzhen¹, ZHANG Hailiang¹, GUO Yanbin², GUO Gang², Yu Ying¹, WANG Yachun¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics， Breeding and Reproduction （MARA） / National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding / China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China
2. Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co.， Ltd， Beijing 100176， China

Received:2021-02-08 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2023-01-16
Correspondence author: WANG Yachun
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1200903);Earmarked fund for CARS-36(CARS-36);Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovation Research Team in University(IRT_15R62)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究奶牛血钾浓度的影响因素。【方法】 采用手持血钾仪在夏季和秋季分别测定北京地区222头和67头荷斯坦泌乳牛的血钾浓度，利用固定模型分析环境温湿度指数（Temperature and humidity index， THI）、直肠温度、胎次、泌乳阶段、血液类型和挤奶前后对血钾浓度的影响。【结果】 手持血钾仪所测血钾浓度在正常范围内，荷斯坦牛泌乳牛血钾浓度为2.31~5.13 mmol/L；THI>72时的血钾浓度显著（P< 0.05）高于THI<72时的血钾浓度；不同THI条件下，直肠温度对血钾浓度的影响程度不同，THI为55~60和77~78时，直肠温度每升高1℃血钾浓度分别上升0.7和0.32 mmol/L，THI为72~76和79~88时直肠温度与血钾浓度无回归关系（P>0.05）；静脉血钾浓度（4.01±0.05） mmol/L极显著（P<0.01）高于动脉血钾浓度（3.81±0.05） mmol/L；奶牛挤奶后血钾浓度（4.06±0.05） mmol/L极显著（P<0.01）高于挤奶前血钾浓度（3.76±0.04） mmol/L；胎次和泌乳阶段对血钾浓度无显著（P>0.05）影响，但随着泌乳天数的增加血钾浓度有逐渐降低的趋势。【结论】 手持血钾仪可以快速、准确地测定奶牛的血钾浓度；THI对血钾浓度有显著影响，THI的升高会引起血钾浓度的变化；挤奶和血液类型对血钾浓度有较大影响，研究血钾浓度时应注意排除这两项因素的影响，血钾浓度可作为判断奶牛健康状态的指标。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛; 血钾浓度; 温湿度指数; 直肠温度; 动静脉

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was objectiveto explore the factors affecting blood potassium concentration （BPC） of dairy cows. 【Method】 The BPCwas measured from 222 milking cows in summer and 67 milking cows in autumn in Beijingby a hand-held blood potassium meter. The effects of temperature humidity index（THI）， rectal temperature （RT）， parity， milk stage， blood type and milkingstatuson BPC were analyzedusing a fixed model. 【Result】 The resultsshowed that the BPC measured by hand-held blood potassium meter were in the normal range，the BPC was 2.31~5.13 mmol/L. The BPC when THI>72 was significantly higher than that when THI<72 （P<0.05）. The effect of RT on BPCwas different under different THI range. When THI is between 55~60 and 77~78， BPC increased by 0.7 mmol/L and 0.32 mmol/L for every 1℃ increasein RT，respectively. There was no regression relationship between RT and BPC when THI were 72~76 and 79~88（P>0.05）.Venous BPC （4.01±0.05） mmol/L was significantly higher than arterial BPC（3.81±0.05） mmol/L（P<0.01）. The BPC after milking （4.06±0.05） mmol/L was significantly higher than that before milking（3.76±0.04） mmol/L（P<0.01）. The influence of parity and milk stage on BPC was not significant（P>0.05），whilewith the increase of day in milk， the BPC showed a decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】 The hand-held blood potassium meter can quickly and accurately determine the BPC indairy cows. THI has a significant effect on BPC， and the increase of THI will cause the increase or decrease of BPC. Milking status and blood type have great influence on BPC， which should beexcludedwhen it is analyzed.

Key words: Holstein dairy cows; blood potassium concentration; THI; rectal temperature; artery and vein

中图分类号:

S823

施霁桢, 高清, 杨智超, 张四维, 罗荪琳, 黄上真, 张海亮, 郭彦斌, 郭刚, 俞英, 王雅春. 荷斯坦母牛血钾浓度的影响因素分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2303-2309.

SHI Jizhen, GAO Qing, YANG Zhichao, ZHANG Siwei, LUO Sunlin, HUANG Shangzhen, ZHANG Hailiang, GUO Yanbin, GUO Gang, Yu Ying, WANG Yachun. Analysis on Influencing Factors of Blood Potassium in Holstein Cows[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2303-2309.

图/表 5

表 1 各THI分组下荷斯坦牛血钾浓度描述统计

Table 1 Descriptive statistics on blood potassium concentration in different THI groups in Holstein cows （mmol/L）

	试验牛数/（头） The number of test cow	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	中位数 Median	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	极差 Range
THI₁	67	3.59±0.55	3.59	4.62	2.31	2.31
THI₂	70	4.01±0.47	3.85	5.13	3.08	2.05
THI₃	70	3.98±0.36	4.10	4.87	3.33	1.54
THI₄	82	4.13±0.32	4.10	4.87	3.33	1.54

图 1 不同环境温湿度指数分组下荷斯坦牛血钾浓度分布注：THI为环境温湿度指数，包括THI1（55~60）、 THI2（72~76）、 THI3（77~78）及THI4（79~88）， THI1为秋季所测得， THI2、 THI3、 THI4均为夏季所测得

Fig. 1 Distribution of blood potassium concentration in different THI groups in Holstein cows Note：THI means temperature humidity index， including THI1（55~60）， THI2（72~76）， THI3（77~78） and THI4（79~88）. THI1 was measured in autumn， and THI2， THI3 and THI4 were measured in summer

表 2 各因素荷斯坦牛血钾浓度变化

Table 2 Effects of various factors on blood potassium concentration in Holstein cows

效应 Effect		最小二乘均值±标准误 Least square mean±SE（mmol/L）	P值 P-value	效应 Effect		最小二乘均值±标准误 Least square mean±SE（mmol/L）	P值 P-value
血液类型 Blood type	动脉	3.81±0.05^aA	<0.01	温湿度指数 THI	55~60	3.29±0.12^aA	0.02
血液类型 Blood type	静脉	4.01±0.05^bB	<0.01		72~76	4.21±0.06^bA
挤奶 Milking	前	3.76±0.04^A	<0.01		77~78	4.02±0.06^bA
挤奶 Milking	后	4.06±0.05^B	<0.01		79~88	4.11±0.05^bA
胎次 Parity	1胎	3.94±0.05	0.20	泌乳阶段 Lactation stage	1~100	4.01±0.06	0.09
	2胎	3.82±0.06			101~200	3.92±0.06
	3胎	3.91±0.07			201~305	3.88±0.05
	≥4胎	3.96±0.08			≥305	3.82±0.07
直肠温度（温湿度指数） RT（THI）			<0.01

表 3 直肠温度荷斯坦牛血钾浓度变化

Table 3 Effect of RT on blood potassium concentration

	回归系数 Regression coefficient	标准误 SE	P值 P-value
RT（THI₁）	0.70	0.25	<0.01
RT（THI₂）	0.07	0.13	0.59
RT（THI₃）	0.32	0.11	<0.01
RT（THI₄）	-0.01	0.10	0.94

图 2 不同环境温湿度条件下荷斯坦牛直肠温度与血钾浓度的回归关系注：图a为THI1（55~60）条件，b为THI3（77~78）条件，K为血钾浓度，RT为直肠温度

Fig. 2 Regression relationship between rectal temperature and blood potassium concentration in Holstein cows under different environmental temperature and humidity （THI） Note：Fig. a shows THI1（55~60） condition， Fig. b shows THI3 （77~78） condition， K shows blood potassium concentration， and RT shows rectal temperature

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荷斯坦母牛血钾浓度的影响因素分析

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Blood Potassium in Holstein Cows

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