准噶尔双峰驼驼乳营养与功能成分与荷斯坦牛乳的差异比较分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.027

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 234-241.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.027

• 植物保护 · 土壤肥料 · 草业 · 畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

准噶尔双峰驼驼乳营养与功能成分与荷斯坦牛乳的差异比较分析

宋雯雯¹(), 陈卓¹, 李鑫², 陈俐静¹, 舒展², 李紫仟¹, 郭雪萍¹, 叶倩文¹, 马雪连¹, 苏战强¹, 姚刚¹()

1.新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆阿勒泰地区动物疾控中心,新疆阿勒泰 836500

收稿日期:2022-04-05 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-03-07
通信作者: 姚刚(1959 -),男,新疆人,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为幼畜保健与畜产品质量安全,(E-mail)yg@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:宋雯雯(1995 -),女,宁夏人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生理学,(E-mail)790797550@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区重点研发计划(2018B01003-1)

A Comparative Analysis of Milk Nutritional and Functional Components between Junggar Bactrian Camel and Holstein Cow

SONG Wenwen¹(), CHEN Zhuo¹, LI Xin², CHEN Lijing¹, SHU Zhan², LI Ziqian¹, GUO Xueping¹, YE Qianwen¹, MA Xuelian¹, SU Zhanqiang¹, YAO Gang¹()

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center in Altay Prefecture, Altay Xinjiang 836500, China

Received:2022-04-05 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2023-03-07
Correspondence author: YAO Gang(1959-), male, professor, PhD, Research Direction: Young Animal Health Care and Animal Products Quality and Safety, (E-mail)yg@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2018B01003-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析比较准噶尔双峰驼乳和荷斯坦牛乳的差异,为研究驼乳的营养价值和生物学功能提供科学基础。【方法】使用乳成分分析仪、电感耦合等离子体光度发射光谱法、气相色谱和ELISA检测乳的主要营养成分、理化特性、脂肪酸和主要生物活性物质含量。【结果】准噶尔双峰驼乳中乳蛋白、乳糖、钙、灰分、干物质显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P < 0.05)。乳密度也显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P < 0.05)。乳脂中花生酸、二十一碳酸、棕榈油酸和α-亚麻酸显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P < 0.05)。而准噶尔双峰驼乳的电导率、酸碱度、水分显著低于荷斯坦牛乳(P < 0.05)。顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸显著低于荷斯坦牛乳(P < 0.05)。但两乳中所检测的生物活性成分含量无显著差异(P > 0.05)。【结论】准噶尔双峰驼乳相较于荷斯坦牛乳存在诸多显著性差异。

关键词: 准噶尔双峰驼; 荷斯坦牛; 乳营养成分; 乳生物活性物质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To compare the milk differences between Junggar Bactrian camel and Holstein dairy cow, and to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive understanding of the nutritional value and biological function of camel milk. 【Methods】 Milk composition analyzer, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, gas chromatography, and ELISA were used to detect the main nutrients, physicochemical characteristics, fatty acids and main bioactive substances content of milk. 【Results】 The contents of milk protein, lactose, calcium, ash, dry matter, density, eicosanoic acid, heneicosylic acid, palmitoleic acid and ALA content in the Junggar Bactrian Camel milk were significantly higher than those in the Holstein dairy cow(P < 0.05).However, conductivity, pH value, water, cis-8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid content in the Junggar Bactrian Camel were significantly lower than those in the Holstein dairy cow (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in bioactive substances detected(P > 0.05). 【Conclusion】 There were many significant differences between Junggar Bactrian camel milk and Holstein dairy cow milk.

Key words: Junggar Bactrian Camel; Holstein dairy cow; milk nutrition component; milk bioactive substance

中图分类号:

TS252.1

宋雯雯, 陈卓, 李鑫, 陈俐静, 舒展, 李紫仟, 郭雪萍, 叶倩文, 马雪连, 苏战强, 姚刚. 准噶尔双峰驼驼乳营养与功能成分与荷斯坦牛乳的差异比较分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 234-241.

SONG Wenwen, CHEN Zhuo, LI Xin, CHEN Lijing, SHU Zhan, LI Ziqian, GUO Xueping, YE Qianwen, MA Xuelian, SU Zhanqiang, YAO Gang. A Comparative Analysis of Milk Nutritional and Functional Components between Junggar Bactrian Camel and Holstein Cow[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 234-241.

图/表 5

参考文献 33

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营养成分 Nutrients	DC	BC	P-value
乳蛋白 Milk Protein	2.58±0.29^A	3.58±0.66^B	0.000 4
乳脂Milk Fat	7.28±2.43	7.44±2.01	0.870 9
干物质 Dry matter	14.61±2.19^a	17.49±3.06^b	0.022 5
水分Water	85.39±2.19^a	82.51±3.06^b	0.022 5
乳糖Lactose	4.20±0.49^A	5.70±0.96^B	0.000 4
灰分Ash	0.55±0.07^A	0.77±0.14^B	0.000 4
低聚糖 Oligosacch aride(mg/L)	12.33±1.94	12.31±1.63	0.980 6

营养成分 Nutrients	DC	BC	P-value
乳蛋白 Milk Protein	2.58±0.29^A	3.58±0.66^B	0.000 4
乳脂Milk Fat	7.28±2.43	7.44±2.01	0.870 9
干物质 Dry matter	14.61±2.19^a	17.49±3.06^b	0.022 5
水分Water	85.39±2.19^a	82.51±3.06^b	0.022 5
乳糖Lactose	4.20±0.49^A	5.70±0.96^B	0.000 4
灰分Ash	0.55±0.07^A	0.77±0.14^B	0.000 4
低聚糖 Oligosacch aride(mg/L)	12.33±1.94	12.31±1.63	0.980 6

维生素和矿物质 Vitamins and minerals	DC	BC	P- value
VB (ng/mL)	151.24±31.83	160.41±32.76	0.555 5
VC (ng/mL)	547.74±135.80	554.25±139.06	0.921 1
VE (ng/mL)	312.76±49.98	324.75±33.17	0.558 4
钙Ca (mg/kg)	972.00±180.53^A	1 413.33±187.15^B	0.000 1
磷P (mg/kg)	747.56±125.73^A	913.67±110.00^B	0.008 9

维生素和矿物质 Vitamins and minerals	DC	BC	P- value
VB (ng/mL)	151.24±31.83	160.41±32.76	0.555 5
VC (ng/mL)	547.74±135.80	554.25±139.06	0.921 1
VE (ng/mL)	312.76±49.98	324.75±33.17	0.558 4
钙Ca (mg/kg)	972.00±180.53^A	1 413.33±187.15^B	0.000 1
磷P (mg/kg)	747.56±125.73^A	913.67±110.00^B	0.008 9

理化特性 Physico chemical properties	DC	BC	P-value
电导率 Conductivity (mS/cm)	5.12±0.73^A	4.4±0.73^B	0.002
酸碱度 pH,R	6.42±0.07^A	6.3±0.06^B	< 0.000 1
冰点 Ice point (℃)	-0.52±0.08	-0.44±0.27	0.347 2
密度 Density (°)	20.46±4.68^A	31.21±6.72^B	0.000 5
温度 Temperature (℃)	17.71±1.39	16.14±2.73	0.112

准噶尔双峰驼驼乳营养与功能成分与荷斯坦牛乳的差异比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Milk Nutritional and Functional Components between Junggar Bactrian Camel and Holstein Cow

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参考文献 33

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Metrics

脂肪酸Fatty acids	DC	BC	P-value
丁酸,C4:0	0.15±0.09
己酸,C6:0	0.09±0.04^a	0.03±0.06^b	0.027 6
辛酸,C8:0	0.06±0.03^a	0.02±0.04^b	0.036 7
癸酸,C10:0	0.19±0.09^a	0.05±0.12^b	0.022 9
十一碳酸,C11:0	0.01±0.00
月桂酸,C12:0	0.29±0.15^a	0.12±0.17^b	0.036 7
十三碳酸,C13:0	0.01±0.01	0.01±0.01	0.799 9
肉蔻酸,C14:0	1.04±0.44	1.08±0.47	0.828 6
十五碳酸,C15:0	0.11±0.06	0.11±0.07	0.950 9
软脂酸,C16:0	1.56±0.67	1.41±0.91	0.704 8
珍珠酸,C17:0	0.07±0.04	0.05±0.02	0.486 9
硬脂酸,C18:0	1.15±0.83	1.82±0.72	0.088 9
花生酸,C20:0	0.02±0.01^A	0.03±0.01^B	0.008 8
二十一碳酸,C21:0		0.01±0.00	0.002 1
山嵛酸,C22:0	0.01±0.01	0.01±0.00	0.841
二十三碳酸,C23:0	0.002±0	0.004±0.002	0.061 2
木蜡酸,C24:0	0.003±0.001	0.004±0.001	0.244 8
肉蔻油酸,C14:1	0.09±0.06	0.08±0.09	0.797 8
顺-10-十五烯酸,C15:1
棕榈油酸,C16:1	0.13±0.07^A	0.49±0.16^B	< 0.000 1
顺-10-十七烯酸,C17:1
反油酸,C18:1n9t
油酸,C18:1n9c	1.94±1.31	2.50±0.72	0.281 5
顺-11-二十碳烯酸,C20:1		0.01±0.01	0.055 5
芥酸,C22:1n9	0.02±0.01	0.01±0.01	0.314 4
神经酸,C24:1
α-亚麻酸,C18:3n3	0.01±0.01^a	0.03±0.02^b	0.044
顺-11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸,C20:3n3
顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸,C20:5n3
顺-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸,C22:6n3
反亚油酸,C18:2n6t
亚油酸,C18:2n6c	0.20±0.11	0.27±0.06	0.124 8
γ-亚麻酸,C18:3n6
顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸,C20:3n6	0.00±0.01^A	0.01±0.01^B	0.004 9
花生四烯酸,C20:4n6
附子脂酸,C20:2
顺-13,16-二十二碳二烯酸,C22:2
短链脂肪酸Short chain fatty acids,SCFA	0.15±0.09
中链脂肪酸Midchain fatty acids,MCFA	0.64±0.29	0.21±0.38	0.058 2
长链脂肪酸Long chain fatty acids,LCFA	6.33±3.09	7.9±2.46	0.251 5
极长链脂肪酸Very long chain fatty acids,VLCFA	0.03±0.01	0.03±0.01	> 0.999 9
单不饱和脂肪酸Monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA	2.17±1.38	3.09±0.91	0.119 1
多不饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA	0.23±0.12	0.3±0.06	0.105 9
饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acids,SFA	4.74±2.01	4.74±1.9	0.993 3
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acids,UFA	2.40±1.49	3.39±0.95	0.114 8
奇数碳脂肪酸Odd carbon fatty acids,OCFA	0.19±0.09	0.18±0.1	0.836 8

主要生物活性成分Major bioactive substances	DC	BC	P-value
酪蛋白 Casein(μg/mL)	112.26±19.45	119.15±17.75	0.443 8
α-乳白蛋白 α-lactalbumin α-la(μg/L)	26.37±2.49	25.72±2.53	0.590 5
免疫球蛋白 Immunoglobulin Ig(μg/mL)	1 046.79±247.24	1 047.65±279.58	0.994 6
溶菌酶 Lysozyme LZ(μg/L)	767.99±100.24	787.42±114.59	0.707
乳过氧化物酶 Lactoperoxidase LP(nmol/L)	573.37±80.68	558.55±85.6	0.710 5
乳铁蛋白 Lactoferrin LF(μg/mL)	540.63±100.4	601.43±156.4	0.343 5
胰岛素 Insulin(mIU/L)	55.5±5.88	55.63±8.03	0.970 1
胰岛素样生长因子-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1 IGF-1(μg/L)	34.36±6.49	31.76±4.01	0.324 8

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