Effects of different concentrations of sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth and soil fertility of continuous cropping tomatoes

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth of tomato seedlings, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes in the hope of providing new insights for the rational utilization of Sophora alopecuroides resources and addressing continuous cropping obstacles. 【Methods】 A soil pot experiment was conducted, with different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract treatments (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/L), to study the effects on tomato seedling growth parameters, soil available nutrients, and soil enzyme activities. 【Results】 After 50 days of treatment, the plant height, stem thickness, quality, and chlorophyll content of tomatoes increased with the concentrations of the treatment, with the T₅ treatment exhibiting the most significant promotion effect on tomato growth indicators. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the application of different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract resulted in an increase in soil pH by 0.28-0.72 and an increase in soil EC by 1.55-5.25 times. Additionally, the addition of Sophora alopecuroides extract also altered the soil nutrient content. After T₂, T₃, T₄, and T₅ treatments, compared to the control group, the total nitrogen increased by 4.2%-45.5%, available potassium increased by 5.2%-117.6%; soil organic matter increased by 5.6%-23.8%, alkaline nitrogen increased by 31.3%-142.1%; total phosphorus decreased by 11.2%-18.5%, and total potassium decreased by 2.6%-5.0%. Moreover, the activities of the five soil enzymes increased with the concentration of the extract. The T₅ treatment significantly increased the activities of invertase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase, with increases of 296.42%, 21.86%, 422.01%, 43.13%, and 100.89%, respectively, compared to the control group. The correlation analysis between soil nutrients and soil enzymes showed that the activities of the five soil enzymes were positively correlated with soil pH, EC, organic matter content, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, and available potassium, while negatively correlated with total phosphorus, total potassium, and available phosphorus. 【Conclusion】 Sophora alopecuroides extract can improve the growth of tomato seedlings under continuous cropping conditions, enhance soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activities, thereby improving the root environment of tomatoes, promoting tomato seedling growth, and alleviating the harm caused by continuous cropping.

Key words: continuous cropping; allelopathy; tomatoes; Sophora alopecuroides; soil fertility

摘要：

【目的】研究不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对番茄苗期植株生长、土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响,为科学开发利用苦豆子资源、解决连作障碍提供参考。【方法】采用土壤盆栽试验,设置不同浓度苦豆子浸提液(0、5、10、20、40和80 g/L)处理,研究添加不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对番茄幼苗生长指标、土壤速效养分和土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】处理50 d后,番茄株高、茎粗、干重、鲜重及叶绿素含量均随着处理浓度的升高而增加,且T₅处理对番茄生长指标的促进作用最佳。不同浓度苦豆子浸提液处理后,与对照组相比,土壤pH值增加0.28~0.72,土壤EC值增加1.55~5.25倍。同时,添加苦豆子浸提液也改变了土壤养分含量,与对照相比,T₂、T₃、T₄和T₅处理,全氮增加4.2%~45.5%,速效钾增加5.2%~117.6%;土壤有机质增加5.6%~23.8%,碱解氮增加31.3%~142.1%;全磷降低11.2%~18.5%,全钾降低了2.6%~5.0%。5种土壤酶活性随苦豆子浸提液浓度的增加而增加,与对照相比,T₅处理显著增加蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,分别较CK增加296.42%、21.86%、422.01%、43.13%和100.89%。5种土壤酶均与土壤pH值、EC值、有机质含量、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾均呈正相关关系;与全磷、全钾、有效磷指标之间呈负相关关系。【结论】苦豆子浸提液可提高土壤养分和土壤酶活性,从而改善番茄的根系环境,促进番茄苗期生长,缓解连作障碍对番茄幼苗的危害。

关键词: 连作, 化感作用, 番茄, 苦豆子, 土壤肥力

CLC Number:

S641.2

TIAN Chao, LI Yushan, MA Yue, SONG Yu. Effects of different concentrations of sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth and soil fertility of continuous cropping tomatoes[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2203-2210.

田超, 李玉姗, 马越, 宋羽. 不同浓度苦豆子浸提液对连作番茄生长及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2203-2210.

Figures/Tables 6

References 18

[1]	庞胜群, 王祯丽, 张润, 等. 新疆加工番茄产业现状及发展前景[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2005, (2): 273-278, 287.
	PANG Shengqun, WANG Zhenli, ZHANG Run, et al. Present situation and development prospect of processing tomato industry in Xinjiang[J]. China Vegetables, 2005, (2): 273-278, 287.
[2]	郑慧. 设施蔬菜连作障碍形成原因及防治措施[J]. 南方农机, 2023, 54(6): 54-56.
	ZHENG Hui. Causes and control measures of obstacles in continuous cropping of protected vegetables[J]. China Southern Agricultural Machinery, 2023, 54(6): 54-56.
[3]	王丽娟, 成英. 设施蔬菜连作障碍形成原因及防治技术[J]. 上海蔬菜, 2016, (6): 39-41.
	WANG Lijuan, CHENG Ying. Causes and control techniques of obstacles in continuous cropping of protected vegetables[J]. Shanghai Vegetables, 2016, (6): 39-41.
[4]	何文革, 李兴莲. 苦豆子的应用及其在农业领域的开发前景[J]. 湖北畜牧兽医, 2008, 29(11): 34-35.
	HE Wenge, LI Xinglian. Application of Sophora alopecuroides and its development prospect in agricultural field[J]. Hubei Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2008, 29(11): 34-35.
[5]	苏永霞, 冯平, 朝克图, 等. 苦豆子种子营养成分及其急性毒性[J]. 西北农业学报, 2021, 30(5): 681-688.
	SU Yongxia, FENG Ping, CHAO Ketu, et al. Nutritional components and acute toxicity of Sophora alopecuroides seeds[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 681-688.
[6]	李端, 周立刚, 王敬国, 等. 苦豆子提取物对黄瓜和番茄病原菌的抑制作用[J]. 西北植物学报, 2006, 26(3): 558-563.
	LI Duan, ZHOU Ligang, WANG Jingguo, et al. Inhibitory effects of Sophora alopecuroides extract to pathogens on cucumber and tomato[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2006, 26(3): 558-563.
[7]	高亮, 伏国, 伏民. 苦豆子及其生物制品在农业上的综合应用[J]. 现代农业科技, 2017, (24): 49-50, 53.
	GAO Liang, FU Guo, FU Min. Comprehensive utilization on agriculture of Sophora alopecurides L. and its biological products[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, (24): 49-50, 53.
[8]	华羚淇, 宁静, 曾红. 苦参碱对番茄根际土壤微生态的影响[J]. 塔里木大学学报, 2021, 33(3): 22-32.
	HUA Lingqi, NING Jing, ZENG Hong. Effects of matrine on microecology of tomato rhizosphere soil[J]. Journal of Tarim University, 2021, 33(3): 22-32.
[9]	余永婷, 冯作山. 苦豆子生物碱浸提物的抑菌性研究[J]. 农产品加工, 2018, (10): 22-24.
	YU Yongting, FENG Zuoshan. Study on antimicrobial activity of the extracts from Sophora alopecuroides L[J]. Farm Products Processing, 2018, (10): 22-24.
[10]	石国庆, 隋晓青, 杨静, 等. 苦豆子根、茎、叶浸提液对4种牧草种子萌发的化感作用[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(8):2223-2230.
	SHI Guoqing, SUI Xiaoqing, YANG Jing, et al. Allelopathic Effects of Extracts from Roots,Stems and Leaves of Sophora alopecuroides on Seed Germination of Four Forage Species[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(8):2223-2230.
[11]	麦麦提艾则孜·穆合塔尔,王东. 苦豆子浸提液对 “比斜克其” 甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 中国果菜, 2021, 41(3): 57-60, 67.
	Maimaitiaizezi Muhetaer, Wang Dong. Effects of different Sophora alopecuroides treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of “bixiekeqi” melon[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable, 2021, 41(3): 57-60, 67.
[12]	陈波浪, 柴仲平, 吴海华, 等. 施用绿肥 (苦豆子鲜草) 对立架甜瓜土壤速效养分与产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2015, (5): 94-98.
	CHEN Bolang, CHAI Zhongping, WU Haihua, et al. Influence on soil available nutrients and yield of trellis-cultivated melon with green manure (Sophora alopecuroides)[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2015, (5): 94-98.
[13]	Bruce Williamson G, Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy: measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1988, 14(1): 181-187.
[14]	齐晓晨, 赵库, 叶祖鹏, 等. 苦豆子绿肥对甜瓜生长及营养特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(6): 104-112.
	QI Xiaochen, ZHAO Ku, YE Zupeng, et al. Effects of Sophora alopecuroides green manure on growth and nutrient characteristics of melon[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, 20(6): 104-112.
[15]	熊鑫, 郭树奇, 李琳, 等. 苦豆子生物碱对番茄生长及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(9): 1737-1746.
	XIONG Xin, GUO Shuqi, LI Lin, et al. Effect of Sophora alopecuroides alkaloids on tomato growth and fruit quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(9): 1737-1746.
[16]	Yin W, Yu A Z, Guo Y, et al. Growth trajectories of wheat-maize intercropping with straw and plastic management in arid conditions[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2020, 112(4): 2777-2790.
[17]	李振方, 杨燕秋, 谢冬凤, 等. 连作条件下地黄药用品质及土壤微生态特性分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(2): 217-224.
	LI Zhenfang, YANG Yanqiu, XIE Dongfeng, et al. Effects of continuous cropping on the quality of Rehmannia glutinosa L.and soil micro-ecology[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(2): 217-224.
[18]	郭振威, 李永山, 王慧, 等. 长期棉花秸秆还田和施用有机肥对棉田土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2023, 31(6):877-884
	GUO Zhenwei, LI Yongshan, WANG Hui, et al. Effects of long-term cotton straw return and application of manure on soil nutrients and enzyme activity in cotton fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(6): 877-884.

处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	地上部分Aboveground				地下部分Underground
处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI
CK	10.38±0.29^d	-	2.8±0.05^cd	-	34.72±3.04^d	-	1.98±0.20^d	-	0.23±0.03^cd	-	0.69±0.14^c	-	0.047±0.011^c	-
T₁	10.38±1.08^d	0.00	2.73±0.12^d	-0.02	34.65±0.82^d	0.00	1.91±0.27^d	-0.04	0.20±0.06^d	-0.1	0.70±0.09^c	0.01	0.044±0.007^c	-0.06
T₂	11.45±1.81^c	0.09	2.79±0.09^cd	0.00	40.45±2.90^c	0.14	2.47±0.20^d	0.20	0.23±0.03^cd	0.0	0.74±0.10^c	0.07	0.048±0.009^c	0.02
T₃	12.55±0.19^b	0.17	2.85±0.10^c	0.02	43.87±1.56^b	0.21	3.52±0.62^c	0.44	0.31±0.07^bc	0.3	0.83±0.15^bc	0.17	0.056±0.013^bc	0.16
T₄	12.65±0.63^b	0.18	3.12±0.11^b	0.10	45.28±2.15^b	0.23	4.63±0.78^b	0.57	0.37±0.13^b	0.4	1.00±0.32^ab	0.31	0.069±0.025^ab	0.32
T₅	13.55±0.59^a	0.23	3.29±0.10^a	0.15	48.25±2.85^a	0.28	5.57±0.93^a	0.64	0.54±0.10^a	0.6	1.17±0.22^a	0.41	0.084±0.020^a	0.44

处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	地上部分Aboveground				地下部分Underground
处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	化感指数 RI	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	化感指数 RI	叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ SPAD值	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	化感指数 RI	干重 dry weight (g)	化感指数 RI
CK	10.38±0.29^d	-	2.8±0.05^cd	-	34.72±3.04^d	-	1.98±0.20^d	-	0.23±0.03^cd	-	0.69±0.14^c	-	0.047±0.011^c	-
T₁	10.38±1.08^d	0.00	2.73±0.12^d	-0.02	34.65±0.82^d	0.00	1.91±0.27^d	-0.04	0.20±0.06^d	-0.1	0.70±0.09^c	0.01	0.044±0.007^c	-0.06
T₂	11.45±1.81^c	0.09	2.79±0.09^cd	0.00	40.45±2.90^c	0.14	2.47±0.20^d	0.20	0.23±0.03^cd	0.0	0.74±0.10^c	0.07	0.048±0.009^c	0.02
T₃	12.55±0.19^b	0.17	2.85±0.10^c	0.02	43.87±1.56^b	0.21	3.52±0.62^c	0.44	0.31±0.07^bc	0.3	0.83±0.15^bc	0.17	0.056±0.013^bc	0.16
T₄	12.65±0.63^b	0.18	3.12±0.11^b	0.10	45.28±2.15^b	0.23	4.63±0.78^b	0.57	0.37±0.13^b	0.4	1.00±0.32^ab	0.31	0.069±0.025^ab	0.32
T₅	13.55±0.59^a	0.23	3.29±0.10^a	0.15	48.25±2.85^a	0.28	5.57±0.93^a	0.64	0.54±0.10^a	0.6	1.17±0.22^a	0.41	0.084±0.020^a	0.44

处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	养分含量Nutrient Content
处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	有机质 SOM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	全磷 TP (g/kg)	全钾 TK (g/kg)	碱解氮 AN (mg/kg)	速效钾 AK (mg/kg)	有效磷 AP (mg/kg)
CK	8.02±0.04^c	123.10±9.38^e	26.40±0.77^b	1.67±0.05^d	1.78±0.10^a	17.98±0.06^a	83.68±4.74^e	357.68±6.14^e	81.71±3.16^a
T₁	8.30±0.01^b	190.57±7.16^d	27.87±0.31^b	1.66±0.01^d	1.53±0.04^bc	17.36±0.16^a	109.83±9.75^d	341.44±16.22^e	85.06±3.53^a
T₂	8.37±0.06^b	215.33±1.16^d	27.93±0.70^b	1.74±0.03^d	1.49±0.06^bc	17.52±0.84^a	110.43±4.09^d	376.13±11.34^d	74.59±4.11^b
T₃	8.43±0.01^b	346.17±13.62^c	27.83±1.43^b	1.93±0.04^c	1.45±0.05^c	17.08±0.33^a	151.87±4.65^b	436.55±3.42^b	81.05±2.46^a
T₄	8.74±0.11^a	481.60±6.10^b	32.04±0.45^a	2.07±0.07^b	1.52±0.04^bc	17.33±0.66^a	140.80±1.31^c	410.98±5.11^c	83.03±1.32^a
T₅	8.59±0.34^ab	646.23±45.40^a	32.69±0.73^a	2.43±0.11^a	1.58±0.05^b	17.44±0.38^a	202.57±5.62^a	778.25±10.32^a	72.87±1.67^b

处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	养分含量Nutrient Content
处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	电导率 EC(uS/cm)	有机质 SOM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)	全磷 TP (g/kg)	全钾 TK (g/kg)	碱解氮 AN (mg/kg)	速效钾 AK (mg/kg)	有效磷 AP (mg/kg)
CK	8.02±0.04^c	123.10±9.38^e	26.40±0.77^b	1.67±0.05^d	1.78±0.10^a	17.98±0.06^a	83.68±4.74^e	357.68±6.14^e	81.71±3.16^a
T₁	8.30±0.01^b	190.57±7.16^d	27.87±0.31^b	1.66±0.01^d	1.53±0.04^bc	17.36±0.16^a	109.83±9.75^d	341.44±16.22^e	85.06±3.53^a
T₂	8.37±0.06^b	215.33±1.16^d	27.93±0.70^b	1.74±0.03^d	1.49±0.06^bc	17.52±0.84^a	110.43±4.09^d	376.13±11.34^d	74.59±4.11^b
T₃	8.43±0.01^b	346.17±13.62^c	27.83±1.43^b	1.93±0.04^c	1.45±0.05^c	17.08±0.33^a	151.87±4.65^b	436.55±3.42^b	81.05±2.46^a
T₄	8.74±0.11^a	481.60±6.10^b	32.04±0.45^a	2.07±0.07^b	1.52±0.04^bc	17.33±0.66^a	140.80±1.31^c	410.98±5.11^c	83.03±1.32^a
T₅	8.59±0.34^ab	646.23±45.40^a	32.69±0.73^a	2.43±0.11^a	1.58±0.05^b	17.44±0.38^a	202.57±5.62^a	778.25±10.32^a	72.87±1.67^b

项目 Items	第一主成分 1 st principal component	第二主成分 2 nd principal component
蔗糖酶(INV)	0.967	0.157
多酚氧化酶(PPO)	0.878	-0.035
脲酶(URE)	0.967	0.021
过氧化氢酶(CAT)	0.988	-0.116
碱性磷酸酶(AKP)	0.989	0.010
pH值(pH value)	0.851	-0.377
电导率(EC)	0.984	0.084
有机质(SOM)	0.891	0.061
全氮(TN)	0.964	0.244
全磷(TP)	-0.423	0.818
全钾(TK)	-0.541	0.795
碱解氮(AN)	0.971	0.046
速效钾(AK)	0.844	0.460
有效磷(AP)	-0.514	-0.494
特征值Eigenvalue	10.402	2.012
方差贡献率 Proportion of variance (%)	74.298	14.369
累积方差贡献率 Proportion of cumulative variance (%)	74.298	88.667