Design and experiment of combined threshing and separating device for corn grain harvester

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.018

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Aiming at the phenomenon of high grain breaking rate and entrainment loss caused by space blockage and drum failure during corn threshing, this project intends to design a feeding and throwing combined threshing separation device. 【Methods】 The feeding acceleration roller was designed at the feeding entrance of the front end of the drum, and the radius was determined to be 150 mm through the stress analysis of the ears and straw, and the rotating speed was determined to be 430 r/min based on the rake line speed of the cross-bridge conveyor chain and the corn threshing speed. By analyzing the type of drum working section, the angle of the guide plate in the guide hood was optimized to be 30° in feeding section, 20° in threshing section and 10° in separating section. A litter throwing device was designed and installed at the straw discharging outlet at the back end of the roller, including a straw discharging roller and a straw discharging concave plate. A three-factor and three-level field orthogonal experiment was designed with rotating speed of roller, gap of concave plate and feeding amount as experimental factors, and grain breakage rate and unstripped rate as evaluation indexes. The test results were analyzed by the trend of response surface among the factors, and the data were optimized by Design-Expert 12 software. 【Results】 The orthogonal test results showed that under the conditions of roller speed 447.11 r /min, concave clearance 34.74 mm and feeding amount 16.14 kg /s, the grain breakage rate reached 2.68% and the uncleaned rate reached 0.99%. 【Conclusion】 Field verification experiment shows that: Under the conditions of cylinder speed 450 r/min, concave clearance 35 mm and feeding amount 16 kg/s, the average grain crushing rate reaches 2.73%, the average unpeeled rate reaches 1.05%, and the relative error between the test results and the optimization results is within 5%, which has proved that the device design is reasonable, superior to the traditional threshing separation device, thus meeting the national threshing standard.

Key words: corn; feed and throw combined type; threshing and separating device; force analysis

摘要：

【目的】 针对玉米脱粒过程中易出现脱粒空间堵塞、滚筒转不动所导致的籽粒破碎率偏高和存在夹带损失的问题,设计一种喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置。【方法】 在滚筒前端的喂入口处设计喂入加速辊,分析对果穗及秸秆受力情况,确定半径为150 mm,并结合过桥输送链耙线速度和玉米脱粒速度,确定转速为430 r/min;分析滚筒工作段型式,优化设计导流罩内导流板角度为喂入段30°、脱粒段20°、分离段10°;在滚筒后端排草口处设计安装排杂抛出装置,包括排草辊和排草凹板。以滚筒转速、凹板间隙、喂入量为试验因素,同时以籽粒破碎率和未脱净率作为评价指标,设计三因素三水平田间正交试验;使用Design-Expert 12软件优化数据。【结果】 在滚筒转速447.11 r/min、凹板间隙34.74 mm、喂入量16.14 kg/s,籽粒破碎率达到2.68%,未脱净率达到0.99%。【结论】 在滚筒转速450 r/min、凹板间隙35 mm、喂入量16 kg/s,平均籽粒破碎率达到2.73%,平均未脱净率达到1.04%,试验结果与优化结果间相对误差在5%以内,装置设计合理,优于传统脱粒分离装置,满足脱粒标准。

关键词: 玉米, 喂抛组合式, 脱粒分离装置, 受力分析

CLC Number:

S225.51

XU Luming, JIN Fan, ZHANG Junsan, Alimu Maimaitituerxun, LI Qianxu, SUN Lifeng. Design and experiment of combined threshing and separating device for corn grain harvester[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2500-2513.

徐路明, 靳范, 张俊三, 阿力木·买买提吐尔逊, 李谦绪, 孙利峰. 玉米籽粒收获机喂抛组合式脱粒分离装置设计与试验[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2500-2513.

Figures/Tables 21

Tab.1 Relevant parameters of corn plants and ears

参数 Argument	数值 Numerical value
行距 Line spacing (mm)	550
株距 Spacing in rows (mm)	350
自然株高 Natural plant height (mm)	2 943
最低结穗高度 Minimum heading height (mm)	1 315
百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g)	35.7
果穗长 Ear length (mm)	220
籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content (%)	25.2

Fig.1 Structure diagram of 4YZL-13 self-propelled corn grain harvester Notes:1.Cutting table;2.Bridge;3.Cab;4.Feed and throw combined threshing separation device;5.Drive wheel;6.Granary;7.Cleaning system;8.Grain winch;9.Miscellaneous winch;10.Steering wheel;11.Chopper;12.Frame;13.Discharge cylinder

Fig.2 Structure diagram of feed and throw combined threshing and separating device Notes:1.Shield;2.Feed acceleration roller;3.Feed inlet;4.Guide hood;5.Threshing concave plate;6.Single longitudinal axial flow roller;7.Separation concave plate;8.Straw drain;9.Drain concave plate;10.Drain roller;11.Gearbox

Fig.3 Material flow diagram Notes:1.Forced feeding;2.Threshed separation;3.Throw out impurities

Fig.4 Structure diagram of feeding acceleration roller Notes:1.Wear-resistant gear plate;2.Mounting plate;3.Supporting wheel hub;4.Feeding acceleration roller

Fig.5 Force analysis diagram of straw layer in contact with accelerating roller

Fig.6 Single longitudinal axial flow drum structure diagram Notes:1.Connecting shaft;2.Spiral blade;3.Cone;4.Threshing rod;5.Separation nail teeth;6.Straight barrel

Fig.7 Stress analysis diagram of ear in contact with spiral leaf

Fig.8 Speed analysis diagram of fruit ear along the guide plate

Fig.9 Straw roller structure diagram Notes:1.Shaft;2.Side hub;3.Plate tooth;4.Intermediate hub;5.Mounting bracket

Fig.10 The structure diagram of thegrass concave plate Notes:1.Left panel;2.Semi-grid concave panel;3.Rear mounting panel;4.Front mounting panel;5.Right-side plate

Fig.11 Installation position diagram of force-feeding device

Fig.12 Installation position diagram of threshing and separating device

Fig.13 Installation position diagram of clutter ejector device

Tab.2 Test factor coding

编码 Coding	滚筒转速A Drum speed A (r/min)	凹板间隙B Concave clearance B (mm)	喂入量C Feed amount C (kg/s)
-1	400	30	16
0	450	35	17
1	500	40	18

Fig.14 Field experiment and operation effect

Tab.3 Experimental scheme and results

序号 Number	试验因素 Experimental factor			评价指标 Evaluation index
序号 Number	滚筒转速A Drum speed A (r/min)	凹板间隙B Concave clearance B (mm)	喂入量C Feed amount C (kg/s)	籽粒破碎率Z_s Grain breakage rate Z_s (%)	未脱净率S_w Unstripped rate S_w (%)
1	-1	-1	0	3.25	2.05
2	1	-1	0	4.18	0.97
3	-1	1	0	2.55	2.07
4	1	1	0	3.61	1.93
5	-1	0	-1	2.43	1.61
6	1	0	-1	3.72	0.75
7	-1	0	1	3.51	2.06
8	1	0	1	4.19	1.35
9	0	-1	-1	3.21	1.08
10	0	1	-1	2.41	1.91
11	0	-1	1	3.85	1.71
12	0	1	1	3.92	1.89
13	0	0	0	2.98	1.16
14	0	0	0	2.83	0.98
15	0	0	0	2.94	1.11
16	0	0	0	2.96	1.13
17	0	0	0	2.81	0.95

Tab.4 Changes of variance of grain crushing rate Zs and unstripped rate Sw

方差来源 Source of variation	籽粒破碎率Z_s Grain breakage rate Z_s (%)		未脱净率S_w Unstripped rate S_w (%)
方差来源 Source of variation	F值 F-value	P	F值 F-value	P
回归模型Regression model	39.33	<0.000 1^**	35.20	<0.000 1^**
A	129.42	<0.000 1^**	90.40	<0.000 1^**
B	33.01	0.000 7^**	45.99	0.000 3^**
C	112.99	<0.000 1^**	32.00	0.000 8^**
AB	0.279 0	0.613 7	20.52	0.002 7^**
AC	6.14	0.042 3^*	0.522 6	0.493 2
BC	12.49	0.009 5^**	9.81	0.016 5^*
A²	25.73	0.001 4^**	22.91	0.002 0^**
B²	9.96	0.016 0^*	78.16	<0.000 1^**
C²	17.97	0.003 8^**	7.08	0.032 5^*
失拟项 Loss of quasi item	4.43	0.092 2	1.48	0.347 4

Fig.15 Grain breakage rate response surface

Fig.16 Unstripped rate response surface

Tab.5 Experimental results after parameter optimization

序号 Number	籽粒破碎率Z_s Grain breakage rate Z_s (%)	未脱净率S_w Unstripped rate S_w (%)
1	2.69	1.01
2	2.74	1.03
3	2.76	1.08
均值 Mean value	2.73	1.04

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