Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between the structure and mineral elements of cell wall and normal podetium (ZC), fleshy podetium (RZ) and fleshy podetium of Dangshansu pear (DS) by comparing the morphological and structural differences among the three in the hope of providing theoretical basis for further improving the yield and quality of fragrant pear and cultivating high fruit stalk mechanical damage resistance varieties.【Methods】 Korla fragrant pear tree and Dangshan crisp pear tree in Luntai National Fruit Tree Resource Nursery 15 (a) of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were taken as the test materials. First, the standard of fleshy fruit stalk was determined. Secondly, the anatomical structure of the three types (ZC, RZ, DS) was observed by paraffin section technology, and the differences in the microstructure of the three types were compared. Finally, the differences of mineral elements, soluble sugar, starch content and cell wall material between fleshy and normal fruit stalks were studied.【Results】 Field investigation results showed that the occurrence rate of fleshy stem of Korla pear was as high as 84%, and the range of thickness of fleshy stem of Korla pear was ≥ 3.70 mm. There was no difference in the number of vascular bundles between normal and succulent fruit stalks, which was 9. The proportion of vascular bundle area in RZ was smaller than those in ZC and DS. The content of cellulose in succulent fruit stems was higher than that of normal fruit stems and Dangshansu pear stems, while the contents of lignin and hemicellulose were lower than those of normal fruit stems and Dangshansu pear stems. In addition to that, the soluble sugar content in the succulent fruit stalk of fragrant pear was significantly higher than that in normal fruit stem, and starch and soluble protein content significantly lower than those in the normal fragrant pear fruit stalk and Dangshan peduncle. Thirty-three mineral elements were detected in the normal and fleshy stalks, with 25 significantly different elements between the two types of stalks (VIP was greater than 1 and P <0.05).【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in cell structure and nutrients in different types of fruit stalks of Korla pear. The moisture content, vascular bundle area, cellulose content, soluble sugar content and Se, P, B and Na contents of mineral elements in succulent fruit stalks of Korla pear are higher than those in normal fruit stalks. Therefore, the differences of these substances may be the cause of succulence in the stalks of Korla pear.

Key words: Korla pear; fleshy fruit stalk; microstructure observation; cell wall substances; mineral elements

摘要：

【目的】比较成熟期库尔勒香梨正常果柄、香梨肉质化果柄与砀山酥梨果柄3者之间的形态结构、细胞壁结构物质、营养物质、矿物质元素之间差异,研究细胞壁结构物质和矿质元素与香梨肉质化果柄之间的关系,为提高香梨产量和品质、培育果柄抗机械损伤能力高的香梨品种提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆农业科学院轮台国家果树资源圃15年生库尔勒香梨树与砀山酥梨树为材料,田间调查成熟期果柄形态指标,利用正态分布方法确定香梨肉质化果柄的标准,采用石蜡切片技术观察3种(ZC、RZ、DS)果柄的解剖结构,比较3种类型里果柄在显微结构上的差异。分析肉质化果柄和正常果柄的矿物质元素差异及3种果柄的可溶性糖、淀粉含量及细胞壁物质差异。【结果】库尔勒香梨肉质化果柄的发生率高达84%,库尔勒香梨肉质化果柄粗度取值范围≥3.70 mm。香梨正常果柄和肉质化果柄中的维管束数量没有差异,均为9条;3种类型果柄中香梨肉质化果柄维管束面积占比小于香梨正常果柄和砀山酥梨果柄。肉质化果柄中的纤维素含量高于正常果柄和砀山酥梨果柄,而木质素和半纤维素含量却低于正常果柄和砀山酥梨果柄;香梨肉质化果柄中的可溶性糖含量明显高于正常果柄,而淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量明显低于香梨正常果柄和砀山酥梨果柄,正常果柄和肉质化果柄中检测出33种矿物质元素,其中两种类型果柄之间具有显著差异的的元素有25种(VIP大于1且P<0.05)。【结论】香梨肉质化果柄中的水分含量、维管束的面积、纤维素含量、可溶性糖含量以及矿物质元素中的Se、P、B、Na元素的含量均高于香梨正常果柄,库尔勒香梨不同类型果柄中细胞结构物质和营养物质存在显著差异,导致库尔勒香梨果柄发生肉质化。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 肉质化果柄, 显微结构, 细胞壁物质, 矿物质元素