Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Diversity in Cotton Field

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.024

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To discuss the effects of straw returning on soil nutrients and microbial diversity in cotton field. 【Methods】 The degradation rate of cotton stalk was calculated by the weight change of cotton stalk. Soil nutrients such as organic matter content and physical and chemical properties of soil were determined. The number of cultivable microorganisms was measured by medium plate method. The effects of straw returning on soil microbial diversity were studied by high-throughput sequencing. 【Result】 The degradation rate of cotton straw could reach to 5.01%; The total amount of cultivable microorganisms increased by 9.8%, the number of bacteria increased by 64.6%, and the number of actinomycete increased by 39.3%; After returning straw, the contents of soil available nitrogen and available potassium increased significantly, which were 7.40% and 32.77%, respectively; High throughput sequencing data analysis showed that straw returning had an impact on microbial diversity, and the structure of the microbial flora, genus and species level changed obviously. 【Conclusion】 Straw returning can increase soil nutrients, increase the number of cultivable microorganisms and improve soil microbial diversity.

Key words: cotton stalk; returning to field; soil; microbial diversity

摘要：

【目的】研究秸杆还田对棉田土壤的养分和微生物多样性的影响。【方法】通过棉秆粉碎还田后的重量变化计算棉秆降解率,测定土壤中有机质等养分和理化性质,采用平板培养法测量可培养微生物数量,运用高通量测序研究秸秆还田对土壤微生物多样性的影响。【结果】棉花秸秆还田180 d的降解率可达5.01%;可培养微生物总量提高9.8%,其中细菌数量提高64.6%,放线菌数量提高39.3%;秸秆还田后土壤速效氮和速效钾含量显著增加,分别提高7.40%和32.77%;秸秆还田对土壤微生物多样性有显著影响,微生物菌群结构变化明显。【结论】秸秆还田能够增加棉田土壤养分和可培养微生物的数量,提高土壤微生物多样性。

关键词: 棉秆, 还田, 土壤, 微生物多样性

CLC Number:

S435.112.6

QIN Xinzheng, WANG Yumiao, WANG Zhihui, XIE Chengjuan, WANG Bo. Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Diversity in Cotton Field[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1236-1244.

秦新政, 王玉苗, 王志慧, 谢成娟, 王博. 秸秆还田对棉田土壤养分和微生物多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1236-1244.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Change of degradation degree of cotton straw under different returning time

处理 Treatment	重复Ⅰ Repeat	重复Ⅱ Repeat	重复Ⅲ Repeat	重复Ⅳ Repeat	重复Ⅴ Repeat	平均值 Average	降解率 Degradation rate(%)
还田前秸秆质量(N₀) Weight of straw before returning to field	32.15	33.18	32.56	34.12	33.19	33.04	0±0^c
60 d秸秆质量(N_x) 60 d straw weight	31.04	32.51	31.05	33.01	32.64	32.05	3.01±0.54^b
120 d秸秆质量(N_x) 120 d straw weight	30.69	32.21	30.71	32.85	32.15	31.72	3.99±0.5 ${1^{a}}^{b}$
180 d秸秆质量(N_x) 180 d straw weight	30.31	32.05	30.35	32.24	31.97	31.38	5.02±0.64^a

Table 1 Change of degradation degree of cotton straw under different returning time

处理 Treatment	重复Ⅰ Repeat	重复Ⅱ Repeat	重复Ⅲ Repeat	重复Ⅳ Repeat	重复Ⅴ Repeat	平均值 Average	降解率 Degradation rate(%)
还田前秸秆质量(N₀) Weight of straw before returning to field	32.15	33.18	32.56	34.12	33.19	33.04	0±0^c
60 d秸秆质量(N_x) 60 d straw weight	31.04	32.51	31.05	33.01	32.64	32.05	3.01±0.54^b
120 d秸秆质量(N_x) 120 d straw weight	30.69	32.21	30.71	32.85	32.15	31.72	3.99±0.5 ${1^{a}}^{b}$
180 d秸秆质量(N_x) 180 d straw weight	30.31	32.05	30.35	32.24	31.97	31.38	5.02±0.64^a

Table 2 Changes of soil nutrients in cotton field under different straw returning

处理 Treat- ment	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N(mg/kg)	有效磷 Effective P(mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K(mg/kg)	水溶性盐总量 Total water soluble salt (g/kg)	EC us/cm	pH
CK	22.40±2.14	1.05±0.10	113.10±2.57	17.65±1.47	308.00±23.68	35.00±3.48	469.0±68.34	7.92±0.05
CS	22.01±2.77	1.05±0.03	121.48±10.11	18.88±2.63	408.93±21.45	36.32±3.89	229.4±55.12	8.09±0.04

Table 3 Changes of soil microbial community quantity under different straw returning

微生物类群 Microorganisms (CFU/g)	对照 Contrast	处理 Treatment
细菌总数	5.53×10⁵	9.10×10⁵
真菌总数	9.35×10⁵	5.60×10⁵
放线菌总数	5.60×10⁵	7.80×10⁵
微生物总量	2.05×10⁶	2.25×10⁶

Table 4 Diversity of soil fungi under different straw returning

处理 Treatment	Chao1	Ace	Shannon	Simpson
CK	259.62	260.41	2.92	0.14
CS	197.33	197.55	3.83	0.05

Table 5 Changes of soil bacterial diversity under different straw returning

处理 Treatment	Chao1	Ace	Shannon	Simpson
CK	2 222.24	2 232.78	6.54	0.003 3
CS	2 392.62	2 398.91	6.65	0.002 9

Fig.1 Community composition of Family level fungi in straw returning soil Note: CK is the control treatments sample; CS is the whole amount of straw returning to the field; The following Figure is the same. The abscissa/ordinate is the name of the sample, the ordinate/ordinate is the proportion of the species in the sample, different colors of the column represent different species, the length of the column represents the size of the proportion of the species, the same as below

Fig.2 Community composition of Genus level of fungi in straw returning soil

Fig.3 Community composition of Species level of fungi in straw returning soil

Fig.4 Community composition of Family level of bacteria in straw returning soil

Fig.5 Community composition of Genus level of bacteria in straw returning soil

Fig.6 Community composition of Species level of bacteria in straw returning soil

References 27

[1]	张翰林, 白娜玲, 郑宪清, 等. 秸秆还田与施肥方式对稻麦轮作土壤细菌和真菌群落结构与多样性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2021, 29(3):531-539.
	ZHANG Hanling, BAI Naling, ZHENG Xianqing, et al. Effects of straw returning and fertilization on bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity in rice-wheat rotation soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(3):531-539.
[2]	杨冬静, 谢逸萍, 张成玲, 等. 不同秸秆还田模式土壤微生物多样性分析[J]. 江西农业学报, 2021, 33(6):34-42.
	YANG Dongjing, XIE Yiping, ZHANG Chenling, et al. Soil microbial diversity in different straw returning patterns[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2021, 33(6):34-42.
[3]	马琨, 宋丽丽, 王明国, 等. 玉米秸秆还田对土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(8):2746-2756. PMID
	MA Kun, SONG Lili, WANG Mingguo, et al. Effects of maize straw returning on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(8):2746-2756. DOI PMID
[4]	高梦瑶, 靳玉婷, 缪杰杰, 等. 秸秆还田对土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 红河学院学报, 2021, 19(2):138-141.
	GAO Mengyao, JIN Yuting, MIAO Jiejie, et al. Effects of straw returning on soil nutrients and enzyme activities[J]. Journal of Red River College, 2021, 19(2):138-141.
[5]	许来鹏, 万鲜花, 孙向丽, 等. 畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田对玉米根际微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(9):137-146. DOI
	XU Laipeng, WAN Xianhua, SUN Xiangli, et al. Effects of livestock manure and straw returning on rhizosphere microbial community structure of maize[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(9):137-146. DOI
[6]	刘骁蒨, 涂仕华, 孙锡发, 等. 秸秆还田与施肥对稻田土壤微生物生物量及固氮菌群落结构的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(17):5210-5218.
	LIU Xiaoqian, TU Shihua, SUN Xifa, et al. Effects of straw returning and fertilization on soil microbial biomass and nitrogen-fixing bacteria community structure in paddy field[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(17):5210-5218. DOI URL
[7]	宋德峰. 浅谈作物秸杆还田的作用[J]. 科技信息, 2010,(21):906.
	SONG Defeng. Discussion on the effect of crop straw returning to the field[J]. Scientific and Technological Information, 2010,(21):906.
[8]	魏伟业. 农作物秸秆还田技术应用及前景[J]. 种子科技, 2021, 39(16):42-43.
	WEI Weiye. Application and prospect of crop straw returning technology[J]. The Seeds of Science and Technology, 2021, 39(16):42-43.
[9]	傅敏, 郝敏敏, 胡恒宇, 等. 土壤有机碳和微生物群落结构对多年不同耕作方式与秸秆还田的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(9):3183-3194. PMID
	FU Ming, HAO Mingming, HU Hengyu, et al. Responses of soil organic carbon and microbial community structure to years of different tillage and straw returning[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(9):3183-3194. DOI PMID
[10]	刘会芳, 唐光木, 孙宁川, 等. 棉秆炭化还田对棉花生长及土壤理化特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(9):1710-1716. DOI
	LIU Huifang, TANG Guangmu, SUN Ningchuan, et al. Effects of cotton stalk carbonization on cotton growth and soil physical and chemical properties[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(9):1710-1716. DOI
[11]	王青霞, 陈喜靖, 喻曼, 等. 秸秆还田对稻田氮循环微生物及功能基因影响研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(2):333-342.
	WANG Qinxia, CHEN Xijing, YU Man, et al. Research progress on effects of straw returning on nitrogen cycling microorganisms and functional genes in rice field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2019, 31(2):333-342.
[12]	崔慧珍, 安嫄嫄, 李光文, 等. 玉米秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落组成的影响[J]. 农业科学研究, 2021, 42(2):10-17+56.
	CUI Huizheng, AN Yuanyuan, LI Guangwen, et al. Effects of maize straw returning on soil microbial community composition[J]. Agricultural Scientific Research, 2021, 42(2):10-17+56.
[13]	许明敏, 冯金侠, 陈卫平, 等. 秸秆集中沟埋还田对土壤氮素分布及微生物群落的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(10):1960-1967.
	XU Mingmin, FENG Jingxia, CHEN Weiping, et al. Effects of straw mulching on soil nitrogen distribution and microbial community[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(10):1960-1967.
[14]	刘玲玲. 秸秆还田与施氮对土壤养分、微生物及水稻产量的影响[D]. 扬州:扬州大学, 2018.
	LIU Lingling. Effects of straw returning and nitrogen application on soil nutrients, microorganisms and rice yield[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2016, 35(10):1960-1967.
[15]	公华锐, 李静, 马军花, 等. 秸秆还田配施有机无机肥料对冬小麦土壤水氮变化及其微生物群落和活性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(6):2203-2214.
	GONG Huarui, LI Jing, MA Junhua, et al. Effects of straw returning combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil water and nitrogen, microbial community and activity of winter wheat[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(6):2203-2214.
[16]	孙美娜, 张凡凡, 王永强, 等. 棉花秸秆纤维素降解菌的筛选鉴定与降解棉秆效果研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(1):16-23. DOI
	SUN Meina, ZHANG Fanfan, WANG Yongqiang, et al. Screening and identification of cellulose-degrading bacteria from cotton straw and its effect on cotton stalk degradation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(1):16-23. DOI
[17]	侯敏, 包慧芳, 王宁, 等. 棉秸秆纤维素降解菌系构建及固体发酵条件优化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(5):936-948. DOI
	HOU Ming, BAO Huifang, WANG Ning, et al. Construction of cellulose degrading bacteria and optimization of solid fermentation conditions of cotton straw[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(5):936-948. DOI
[18]	潘晶, 杨墨, 黄琳丽, 等. 秸秆还田对土壤主要微生物数量、酶活性及细菌群落结构、多样性的影响[J]. 沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 39(3):266-271.
	PAN Jing, YANG Mo, HUANG Linli, et al. Effects of straw returning on soil microbial number, enzyme activity and bacterial community structure and diversity[J]. Journal of Shenyang Normal University (Natural Science Ed.), 2021, 39(3):266-271.
[19]	顾美英, 唐光木, 葛春辉, 等. 不同秸秆还田方式对和田风沙土土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(4):489-498.
	GU Meiyin, TANG Guangmu, GE Chunhui, et al. Effects of different straw returning methods on soil microbial diversity in Hetian aeolian soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(4):489-498.
[20]	常洪艳, 王天野, 黄梓源, 等. 秸秆降解菌对秸秆降解率、土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1):161-167.
	CHANG Hongyan, WANG Tianye, HUANG Ziyuan, et al. Effects of straw degrading bacteria on straw degradation rate, soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(S1):161-167.
[21]	钱澍. 不同处理玉米秸秆还田下稻田土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的变化[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2019.
	QIAN Shu. Changes of soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities in paddy field under maize straw returning with different treatments[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019.
[22]	徐莹莹, 王俊河, 刘玉涛, 等. 耕作与秸秆还田方式对连作玉米田根际微生物及酶活性的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2018,(7):1-4.
	XU Yingying, WANG Junhe, LIU Yutao, et al. Effects of tillage and straw returning on microbial and enzyme activities in rhizosphere of continuous cropping maize field[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018,(7):1-4.
[23]	闫晓宇. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田与翻耕对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2021.
	YAN Xiaoyu. Effects of Cotton Stubble Returning and Plowing on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure in Coastal Saline Soil[D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2021.
[24]	杨海水, 许明敏, 冯金侠, 等. 秸秆沟埋还田对土壤氮素分布及微生物群落的影响[A]. 中国农学会耕作制度分会2016年学术年会论文摘要集[C]. 2016.
	YANG Haishui, XU Mingmin, FENG Jinxia, et al. Effects of straw furrow returning on soil nitrogen distribution and microbial community[A]. Chinese Society of Agronomy farming System Branch 2016 annual conference abstracts[C]. 2016.
[25]	杨金娟, 马琨, 丁东, 等. 不同培肥方式对旱作区耕地土壤的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(12):75-81.
	YANG Jingjuan, MA Kun, DING Dong, et al. Effects of different fertilizer management on soil in the arid region[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2013, 22(12):75-81.
[26]	陈婉华, 袁伟, 王子阳, 等. 作物秸秆还田研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(21):54-58.
	CHEN Wanhua, YUAN Wei, WANG Ziyang, et al. Research progress of crop straw returning to field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(21):54-58.
[27]	宋时丽, 吴昊, 黄鹏伟, 等. 秸秆还田土壤改良培肥基质和复合菌剂配施对土壤生态的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(11):4562-4576.
	SONG Shili, WU Hao, HUANG Penwei, et al. Effects of straw returning substrate and compound microbial agent on soil ecology[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(11):4562-4576.