Effects of Drip Irrigation Layout on Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Yield of Spring Wheat

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of expanding pipe-row ratio on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 The field experiment consisted of 3 treatments:TR₄(one pipe for 4 rows), TR₆(one pipe for 6 rows) and TR₈(one pipe for 8 rows) for measuring dry matter accumulation, yield and its composition with two wheat varieties (Xinchun 22 and 44). 【Results】 The result showed that the dry matter accumulation of the whole plant and organs of the two wheat varieties displayed a downward trend with the increase of bandwidth under different treatments;the total dry matter accumulation of the two wheat varieties reached the maximum under TR₄ treatment, and the dry matter accumulation of Xinchun 44 was higher than that of Xinchun 22; The maximum dry matter accumulation amount and dry matter accumulation rate of Xinchun 44 were higher than those of Xinchun 22. The grain yields of both varieties showed a downward trend with the increase of the bandwidth; the highest yields of Xinchun 22 and Xinchun 44 were 7,716.45 kg/hm² and 8,096.48 kg/hm² under TR₄ treatment. 【Conclusion】 The wheat grain yield decreases by a small amount under TR₆ treatment, the yield decline of Xinchun 44 is smaller than that of Xinchun 22, the grain yield of Xinchun 44 is higher than that of Xinchun 22, and the economic performance of Xinchun 44 is higher. Therefore, Xinchun 44 might be more suitable for planting in the expanding pipe-row ratio drip irrigation mode.

Key words: drip irrigation; spring wheat; dry matter accumulation; translocation; grain yield

摘要：

【目的】研究扩大管行比对滴灌春小麦干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。【方法】在大田条件下,以新春22号和新春44号为供试材料,设置1管4行(TR₄)、1管6行(TR₆)和1管8行(TR₈),3种不同的管行比滴灌带配置方式,测定不同管行比种植方式下,滴灌春小麦植株及各器官干物质积累量、产量和产量构成因子等指标。【结果】不同处理下2个小麦品种的单株和各器官干物质积累量随带宽增加均呈下降趋势,且均以TR₄处理为最大。在TR₄处理下,2个小麦品种的总干物质积累量于成熟期达到最大值,且新春44号干物质积累量高于新春22号。新春44号干物质最大积累量、干物质积累速率均高于新春22号。2个品种的籽粒产量均随着带宽的增加呈下降趋势,在TR₄处理下,新春22号和新春44号的籽粒产量分别为7 716.45和8 096.48 kg/hm²。【结论】在TR₆处理下,小麦籽粒产量降幅较小,新春44号产量降幅度小于新春22号,且新春44号籽粒产量高于新春22号。新春44号更适于在大管行比滴灌种植方式下种植。

关键词: 滴灌, 春小麦, 干物质积累, 转运, 籽粒产量

CLC Number:

S512

ZHANG Jingwu, YANG Jianping, LU Weipeng, ZHANG Longlong, ZHANG Xi, LIU Yichen, LI Weihua, JIANG Dong. Effects of Drip Irrigation Layout on Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Yield of Spring Wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 1981-1989.

张静悟, 杨建平, 卢伟鹏, 张龙龙, 张曦, 刘怡辰, 李卫华, 姜东. 扩大管行比对滴灌春小麦干物质积累、转运和籽粒产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 1981-1989.

Figures/Tables 9

References 23

[1]	蒋桂英, 冶军, 马富裕编著. 滴灌小麦水肥资源高效利用与地力提升[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2016.
	JIANG Guiying, YE Jun, MA Fuyu, (Editors). Efficient use of water and fertilizer resources and improvement of fertility of wheat under drip irrigation [M] Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2016.
[2]	Rui Chen, Wenhan Cheng, Jing Cui, et al. Lateral spacing in drip-irrigated wheat: The effects on soil moisture, yield, and water use efficiency[J]. Field Crops Research, 2015: 179.
[3]	Wang, ZH, Liao, , et al. Effects of drip irrigation levels on soil water, salinity and wheat growth in North China[J]. INT J AGR BIOL ENG, 2018, 2018, 11(1):146-156.
[4]	雷钧杰, 张永强, 陈兴武, 等. 施氮量对新疆滴灌冬小麦冠层结构及其小气候特征的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2017, 22(10):1-14.
	LEI Junjie, ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Xingwu, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on canopy structure and microclimate characteristics of drip-irrigated winter wheat in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2017, 22(10):1-14.
[5]	段丽娜, 章建新, 薛丽华, 等. 施氮量对新疆滴灌冬小麦根系生长及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2016, 36(6):773-778.
	DUAN Lina, ZHANG Jianxin, XUE Lihua, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on root growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2016, 36(6):773-778.
[6]	加孜拉, 张燕, 白云岗. 滴灌下水肥耦合对北疆冬小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(Z1):77-80.
	Gazira , ZHANG Yan, BAI Yungang. Effect of water and fertilizer coupling under drip irrigation on dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat in northern Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2014, 33(Z1):77-80.
[7]	孙乾坤, 章建新, 赵连佳, 等. 不同滴灌量下冬小麦耗水特性及干物质积累分配研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2017, 35(3):66-73.
	SUN Qiankun, ZHANG Jianxin, ZHAO Lianjia, et al. Study on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheat under different drip irrigation rates[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2017, 35(3):66-73.
[8]	冉辉, 蒋桂英, 徐红军, 等. 灌溉频率和施氮量对滴灌春小麦干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(3):379-386.
	RAN Hui, JIANG Guiying, XU Hongjun, et al. Effects of irrigation frequency and nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(3):379-386.
[9]	赛力汗·赛, 张永强, 薛丽华, 等. 新疆滴灌冬小麦灌溉量对产量形成与水分利用的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(8):30-40.
	Sailihan Sai, ZHANG Yongqiang, XUE Lihua, et al. Effect of drip irrigation winter wheat irrigation on yield formation and water use[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2018, 23(8):30-40.
[10]	胡语妍, 万文亮, 王江丽, 等. 不同水氮处理对滴灌春小麦氮素积累转运及产量的影响[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 36(4):448-456.
	HU Yuyan, WAN Wenliang, WANG Jiangli, et al. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on nitrogen accumulation, transport and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Ed.), 2018, 36(4):448-456.
[11]	万文亮, 郭鹏飞, 胡语妍, 等. 调亏灌溉对新疆滴灌春小麦土壤水分?硝态氮分布及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(6):166-174.
	WAN Wenliang, GUO Pengfei, HU Yuyan, et al. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on soil moisture, nitrate nitrogen distribution and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(6):166-174.
[12]	李剑峰, 樊哲儒, 张跃强, 等. 新疆春小麦品种(系)耐旱性和水敏感性研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(12):2232-2241.
	LI Jianfeng, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang, et al. Study on drought tolerance and water sensitivity of Xinjiang spring wheat varieties (lines)[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 53(12):2232-2241.
[13]	彭新新, 刘其, 王江丽, 等. 基于临界氮浓度的滴灌春小麦氮素营养诊断[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(7):1009-1015.
	PENG Xinxin, LIU Qi, WANG Jiangli, et al. Diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition of spring wheat based on critical nitrogen concentration[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(7):1009-1015.
[14]	雷钧杰, 张永强, 赛力汗·赛, 等. 施氮量对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累分配与转运的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2017, 37(8):1078-1086.
	LEI Junjie, ZHANG Yongqiang, Sailihan Sai, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transport of winter wheat under drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Wheat Crops, 2017, 37(8):1078-1086.
[15]	Jiang D, Xie Z J, Cao W X, et al. Effects of Post-anjournal drought and waterlogging on photosynthetic characteristics, assimilates transportation in winter wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(2):175-182.
[16]	Li X, Šimünek J, Shi H, et al. Spatial distribution of soil water, soil temperature, and plant roots in a drip-irrigated intercropping field with plastic mulch[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2017, 83:47-56. DOI URL
[17]	Zhou L, Feng H, Zhao Y, et al. Drip irrigation lateral spacing and mulching affects the wetting pattern, shoot-root regulation, and yield of maize in a sand-layered soil[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2017, 184:114-123. DOI URL
[18]	万刚. 滴灌带不同配置方式对小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 安徽农学通报(上半月刊), 2010,16(17): 81, 100.
	WAN Gang, Effects of different arrangements of drip irrigation belts on wheat growth and yield [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (First Half Monthly), 2010,16(17):81, 100.
[19]	张娜, 张永强, 唐江华, 等. 滴灌带配置方式对冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2013, 33(6):1197-1201.
	ZHANG Na, ZHANG Yongqiang, TANG Jianghua, et al. Effects of drip irrigation belt configuration on winter wheat growth and yield[J]. Journal of Wheat Crops, 2013, 33(6):1197-1201.
[20]	雷钧杰. 新疆滴灌小麦带型配置及水氮供给对产量品质形成的影响[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2017.
	LEI Junjie. The effect of drip irrigation wheat strip pattern allocation and water and nitrogen supply on yield and quality formation in Xinjiang[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2017.
[21]	曹军, 王冀川, 徐翠莲, 等. 不同滴灌供水对春小麦农艺性状和产量结构的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(12):5240-5243.
	CAO Jun, WANG Jichuan, XU Cuilian, et al. Effect of different drip irrigation water supply on agronomic traits and yield structure of spring wheat[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(12):5240-5243.
[22]	李召锋, 杨新军, 费聪, 等. 滴灌条件下新甘宁春小麦产量构成因素分析及改良[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2015, 52(3):436-443.
	LI Zhaofeng, YANG Xinjun, FEI Cong, et al. Analysis and Improvement of Spring Wheat Yield Components under Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 52(3):436-443.
[23]	LÜ Zhaoyan, Diao Ming, Li Weihua, et al. Impacts of lateral spacing on the spatial variations in water use and grain yield of spring wheat plants within different rows in the drip irrigation system[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2018, 212:252-261. DOI URL

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	持续时间/Duration(d)				V_max g/(plant·d)	R²
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	t₁	t₂	t_m	Δt	V_max g/(plant·d)	R²
新春22号 Xinchun22	TR₄	y=5.316 5/[1+e^{(2.286 3-0.070 594t)}]	7.56	36.49	28.93	29.25	0.094	0.990^**
	TR₆	y=4.917 8/[1+e^{(2.230 7-0.070 714t)}]	7.28	35.25	27.97	28.24	0.090	0.988^*
	TR₈	y=4.719 0/[1+e^{(2.194 2-0.070 297t)}]	6.94	33.38	26.44	26.02	0.083	0.986^**
新春44号 Xinchun44	TR₄	y=5.492 2/[1+e^{(2.088 7-0.078 920t)}]	7.36	37.98	30.62	30.37	0.103	0.990^**
	TR₆	y=5.268 7/[1+e^{(2.210 2-0.074 719t)}]	7.23	37.47	30.24	29.97	0.099	0.986^**
	TR₈	y=5.137 5/[1+e^{(2.214 0-0.072 193t)}]	7.01	36.56	30.14	29.41	0.093	0.977^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	持续时间/Duration(d)				V_max g/(plant·d)	R²
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	t₁	t₂	t_m	Δt	V_max g/(plant·d)	R²
新春22号 Xinchun22	TR₄	y=5.316 5/[1+e^{(2.286 3-0.070 594t)}]	7.56	36.49	28.93	29.25	0.094	0.990^**
	TR₆	y=4.917 8/[1+e^{(2.230 7-0.070 714t)}]	7.28	35.25	27.97	28.24	0.090	0.988^*
	TR₈	y=4.719 0/[1+e^{(2.194 2-0.070 297t)}]	6.94	33.38	26.44	26.02	0.083	0.986^**
新春44号 Xinchun44	TR₄	y=5.492 2/[1+e^{(2.088 7-0.078 920t)}]	7.36	37.98	30.62	30.37	0.103	0.990^**
	TR₆	y=5.268 7/[1+e^{(2.210 2-0.074 719t)}]	7.23	37.47	30.24	29.97	0.099	0.986^**
	TR₈	y=5.137 5/[1+e^{(2.214 0-0.072 193t)}]	7.01	36.56	30.14	29.41	0.093	0.977^**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	花前同化物 assimilation before anthesis			花后同化物assimilation after anthesis
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	转运量 TA (g/plant)	转运效率 TE (%)	贡献率 CR (%)	转运量 TA (g/plant)	贡献率 CR (%)
新春22号 Xinchun22	TR4	0.407^a	16.63^a	18.82^a	1.792^a	81.48^b
	TR6	0.359^b	14.71^b	18.59^a	1.560^b	81.41^b
	TR8	0.284^c	12.76^c	16.03^b	1.451^c	83.97^a
新春44号 Xinchun44	TR4	0.509^a	18.51^a	20.51^a	1.966^a	79.49^b
	TR6	0.475^b	17.84^b	20.09^a	1.864^b	79.91^b
	TR8	0.411^c	15.73^c	18.62^b	1.762^c	81.38^a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	花前同化物 assimilation before anthesis			花后同化物assimilation after anthesis
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	转运量 TA (g/plant)	转运效率 TE (%)	贡献率 CR (%)	转运量 TA (g/plant)	贡献率 CR (%)
新春22号 Xinchun22	TR4	0.407^a	16.63^a	18.82^a	1.792^a	81.48^b
	TR6	0.359^b	14.71^b	18.59^a	1.560^b	81.41^b
	TR8	0.284^c	12.76^c	16.03^b	1.451^c	83.97^a
新春44号 Xinchun44	TR4	0.509^a	18.51^a	20.51^a	1.966^a	79.49^b
	TR6	0.475^b	17.84^b	20.09^a	1.864^b	79.91^b
	TR8	0.411^c	15.73^c	18.62^b	1.762^c	81.38^a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (10⁴ spike/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike (grain)	千粒重 1,000- grain mass (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield ( kg/hm²)
新春22号 Xinchun22	TR₄	466.00^a	50.67^a	40.69^a	7 716.45^a
	TR₆	452.78^ab	49.47^b	40.60^a	7 105.55^b
	TR₈	442.25^bc	48.45^c	40.15^a	6 655.0^c
新春44号 Xinchun44	TR₄	433.39^a	47.75^a	47.21^a	8 096.48^a
	TR₆	432.96^a	47.36^a	46.58^b	7 518.20^b
	TR₈	418.83^b	46.49^b	45.47^c	6 997.39^c