Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effect of typical farmland shelterbelts on soil water and salt dynamics of cotton field.【Method】 The cotton field-shelterbelt system of the 150th Regimental Farm in Shihezi, Xinjiang, was used as the research object, the water and salt content and evaporation of the shelterbelt in 0.1H, 0.25H, 0.5H, 1H, 2H and 3H regions and the forest land were analyzed.【Results】 (1) The shallow roots of the shelterbelt competed with the cotton plants for water in the range of 0.25H; (2) The salt content of the soil under the shelterbelt of cotton field was lower than that of the cotton field without shelterbelt, the salt content of the shallow soil of 0-20 cm was generally lower, and there was no salinization in the cotton field within 0.5H from the shelterbelt, the cotton field of this regiment field was basically maintained in the range of non-salinization or slight salinization; (3) The desalination effect of farmland shelterbelt was obvious, and especially at 0.1H the average desalting rate was above 14.38%, that was, the closer to farmland shelterbelt, the more obvious the desalting effect was.【Conclusion】 The serious competition for water in the shelterbelt edge can increase the irrigation frequency of the shelterbelt, and the shelterbelt has obvious desalination effect on the edge soil of forest belt, which can prevent the salinization of soil in this life.

Key words: desert; shelter forest; cotton field; soil water; soil salt

摘要： 【目的】研究典型荒漠农田防护林对棉田土壤水盐动态的影响。【方法】以新疆石河子150团棉田-防护林体系为研究对象,测定0.1H、0.25H、0.5H、1H、2H、3H地段与林地的水盐含量及蒸发量,分析防护林对周围棉田土壤的水盐变化特征。【结果】(1)防护林的浅根系在其0.25H范围内同棉株争夺水分。(2)棉田防护林下的土壤盐分含量明显低于无防护林棉田,0~20 cm的浅层土壤含盐量普遍较低,距离防护林0.5H范围的棉田没有盐渍化现象,该团场棉田地基本维持在无盐渍化或轻度盐渍化的范围;(3)农田防护林的脱盐效果明显,尤其在0.1H处平均脱盐率达到14.38%以上,即距离农田防护林越近,脱盐效果越明显。【结论】林带边缘防护林争水严重,可增加林带的灌溉频率;防护林对林带边缘土壤有着明显的脱盐降盐效果,可防止土壤此生盐渍化的发生。

关键词: 荒漠, 防护林, 棉田, 土壤水分, 土壤盐分