生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 936-943.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.018

• 园艺特产·林业·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响

陈俊¹(), 张琦¹^,²(), 杨梦宇¹, 袁振杨¹

1.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学/塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2024-09-17 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-20
通信作者: 张琦(1965-),男,新疆阿拉尔人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为果树栽培生理生态,(E-mail)1041805650@qq.com
作者简介:陈俊(1993-),男,新疆喀什人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培生理生态,(E-mail)1014227856@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团师域发展创新引导计划项目(2017BA036);新疆生产建设兵团民生实事“农业技术辐射带动”项目(MSSS201903)

Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area

CHEN Jun¹(), ZHANG Qi¹^,²(), YANG Mengyu¹, YUAN Zhenyang¹

1. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Featured Fruit Trees Efficient and High-Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology in Southern Xinjiang/College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin/Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China

Received:2024-09-17 Published:2025-04-20 Online:2025-06-20
Supported by:
Regimental Division Development Innovation Guidance Program(2017BA036);Project of People's True Livelihood of XPCC "Agricultural Technology Radiation"(MSSS201903)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究干旱荒漠区生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响,为干旱荒漠区苹果园自然生草技术推广提供科学参考。【方法】以富士苹果为材料,设置自然生草为处理1,以清耕为对照连续5年自然生草为处理2,运用主成分分析法对2个处理各层土壤环境进行综合评价。【结果】生草对果园浅层土壤理化性质的影响较大,而对深层土壤影响较小,与清耕相比自然生草处理0~20 cm土层土壤的pH值降低了0.11,电导率降低了0.11 mS/cm,水溶性盐含量降低了0.36 g/kg,土壤含水量增加了0.63个百分点,土壤容重降低了0.06 g/cm³,总孔隙度增加了2.41个百分点;有机质、速效氮、全氮含量分别增加了0.17 g/kg、0.39 mg/kg、0.02 g/kg。自然生草处理土壤环境优于清耕处理,自然生草处理土壤更疏松,养分含量更高,盐碱化程度更低。自然生草处理苹果的单果重、可溶性固形物含量分别比清耕增加了22.49 g、0.71个百分点。【结论】一定年限自然生草可改善果园土壤理化性质,提高苹果的鲜食品质。

关键词: 自然生草; 干旱荒漠区; 苹果; 土壤理化性质; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of grass on soil physicochemicalproperties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area.The research results provide scientific reference for the popularization of natural grass growing technology in apple orchards in arid and desert areas. 【Methods】 With Fuji apple as the test material, one treatment of natural grass was set up, and the clean tillage was used as the control for 5 consecutive years. The soil environment of each layer under the two treatments was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that grass had a greater effect on the physicochemicalproperties of shallow soil, but little effect on deep soil. Compared with clear tillage, the pH value, conductivity and water-soluble salt content of 0-20 cm soil layer were reduced by 0.11, 0.11 mS/cm and 0.36 g/kg respectively. Soil water content increased by 0.63 percentage points, soil bulk density decreased by 0.06 g/cm³, and total porosity increased by 2.41 percentage points. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased by 0.17 g/kg, 0.39 mg/kg and 0.02 g/kg, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of principal components found that the soil environment of natural grass treatment was better than that of clean tillage treatment, and the soil of natural grass treatment was more loose, with higher nutrient content and lower salinization degree. The fruit weight and soluble solid content of apples under natural grass treatment were increased by 22.49 g and 0.71 percentage points, respectively, compared with clear tillage. 【Conclusion】 Natural grass growing for a certain period of time can improve the physicochemicalproperties of orchard soil and improve the fresh food quality of apple, and

Key words: natural grass; arid desert region; apple; physicochemical properties of soil; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S661.1

陈俊, 张琦, 杨梦宇, 袁振杨. 生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 936-943.

CHEN Jun, ZHANG Qi, YANG Mengyu, YUAN Zhenyang. Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 936-943.

图/表 6

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N(mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P(mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K(mg/kg)	全氮 Total N(g/kg)	全磷 Total P(g/kg)	全钾 Total K(g/kg)
0~20	清耕	2.87±0.02^b	24.89±0.07^b	7.10±0.10^a	259.09±2.47^a	0.14±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.47±0.03^a
0~20	自然生草	3.04±0.04^a	25.28±0.06^a	7.16±0.05^a	262.01±3.96^a	0.16±0.01^a	0.14±0.02^a	1.50±0.02^a
20~40	清耕	2.84±0.04^a	24.83±0.08^a	6.94±0.09^a	248.28±2.09^a	0.13±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.40±0.04^a
20~40	自然生草	2.99±0.01^b	24.97±0.15^a	7.11±0.08^a	251.43±2.97^a	0.15±0.01^a	0.13±0.01^a	1.45±0.01^a
40~60	清耕	2.80±0.04^a	24.39±0.07^a	6.83±0.05^a	229.55±3.05^a	0.13±0.02^a	0.12±0.01^a	1.39±0.02^a
40~60	自然生草	2.82±0.06^a	24.48±0.15^a	6.99±0.07^a	232.42±2.31^a	0.13±0.01^a	0.12±0.02^a	1.43±0.03^a

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N(mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P(mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K(mg/kg)	全氮 Total N(g/kg)	全磷 Total P(g/kg)	全钾 Total K(g/kg)
0~20	清耕	2.87±0.02^b	24.89±0.07^b	7.10±0.10^a	259.09±2.47^a	0.14±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.47±0.03^a
0~20	自然生草	3.04±0.04^a	25.28±0.06^a	7.16±0.05^a	262.01±3.96^a	0.16±0.01^a	0.14±0.02^a	1.50±0.02^a
20~40	清耕	2.84±0.04^a	24.83±0.08^a	6.94±0.09^a	248.28±2.09^a	0.13±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.40±0.04^a
20~40	自然生草	2.99±0.01^b	24.97±0.15^a	7.11±0.08^a	251.43±2.97^a	0.15±0.01^a	0.13±0.01^a	1.45±0.01^a
40~60	清耕	2.80±0.04^a	24.39±0.07^a	6.83±0.05^a	229.55±3.05^a	0.13±0.02^a	0.12±0.01^a	1.39±0.02^a
40~60	自然生草	2.82±0.06^a	24.48±0.15^a	6.99±0.07^a	232.42±2.31^a	0.13±0.01^a	0.12±0.02^a	1.43±0.03^a

主成分 The principal components	特征值 The eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	累积方差贡献 Cumulative variance contribution (%)
1	8.953 9	68.88	68.88
2	3.243 3	24.95	93.83
3	0.421 4	3.24	97.07
4	0.251 5	1.93	99.00
5	0.130 0	1.00	100.00

主成分 The principal components	特征值 The eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	累积方差贡献 Cumulative variance contribution (%)
1	8.953 9	68.88	68.88
2	3.243 3	24.95	93.83
3	0.421 4	3.24	97.07
4	0.251 5	1.93	99.00
5	0.130 0	1.00	100.00

指标Indicators	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2
酸碱度pH值 pH value	0.008 9	0.552 4
电导率 Conductivity	0.209 2	0.419 1
水溶性盐 Water-soluble salt	0.215 8	0.401 9
含水量 Water content	-0.199 6	-0.430 6
容重 Soil bulk density	-0.320 6	0.088 7
总孔隙度 Total porosity	0.329 2	-0.041 0
有机质 Organic matter	0.322 4	-0.116 6
速效氮 Available N	0.322 0	-0.010 4
速效磷 Available P	0.313 1	-0.175 6
速效钾 Available K	0.318 5	0.091 7
全氮 Total N	0.277 6	-0.156 8
全磷 Total P	0.301 1	-0.119 5
全钾 Total K	0.289 4	-0.266 3

生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响

Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area

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Metrics

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatments	主成分1 Principal component 1	排序 The sorting	主成分 2 Principal component 2	排序 The sorting	综合得分 Composite scores	排序 The sorting
0~20	清耕	1.284 9	2	3.236 7	1	1.692 5	2
0~20	自然生草	5.558 3	1	-1.137 0	4	3.544 7	1
20~40	清耕	-0.982 0	4	1.200 5	2	-0.376 9	4
20~40	自然生草	0.329 5	3	-1.580 0	5	-0.167 2	3
40~60	清耕	-3.781 9	6	0.206 1	3	-2.553 4	6
40~60	自然生草	-2.408 7	5	-1.926 3	6	-2.139 6	5

处理 Treatments	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	果实硬度 Fruit firmness (kg/cm²)	果形指数 Fruit Shape Index	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids(%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar(%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid(%)	VC含量 VC content (mg/100g)
清耕 Clean tillage	213.76±7.62^b	10.76±0.39^a	0.81±0.05^a	18.24±0.47^b	14.19±0.18^a	0.30±0.02^a	5.37±0.05^a
自然生草 Naturally growing grass	236.25±9.27^a	10.84±0.45^a	0.80±0.03^a	18.95±0.42^a	14.26±0.15^a	0.29±0.03^a	5.40±0.07^a

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