两种香料植物秸秆发酵复配后育苗基质效果评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究薰衣草和薄荷的废弃秸秆作为蔬菜育苗基质的可行性。【方法】对2种香料植物废弃秸秆进行粉碎和发酵,发酵完成后,分别对发酵后2种植物秸秆进行复配,以番茄为试验作物进行育苗试验。【结果】2种秸秆的发酵45℃以上高温均持续36 d以上,含有丰富的易降解有机物;发酵结束的薰衣草和薄荷秸秆的有机质和营养元素含量较高,其中有机质含量分别达到709.8和688.4 g/kg,全氮、全磷、全钾总含量分别达到3.60%和5.33%,速效磷的含量分别提高了15.57%和19.72%,速效钾的含量分别提高了55.10%和123.50%。与珍珠岩、蛭石复配后的2种秸秆基质的理化性状均在适宜的无土栽培基质的范围内,复配后的2种秸秆基质和复配后的草炭基质对番茄的出苗率、生长指标和幼苗质量等无显著差异,复配后的2种秸秆基质,薄荷秸秆基质在番茄育苗效果表现更优。【结论】2种香料植物秸秆作为蔬菜育苗基质的有机原料可以在生产上应用。

关键词: 薰衣草秸秆; 薄荷秸秆; 发酵; 育苗

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of lavender and mint stalks with vegetable seedling substrates as the testing materials.【Methods】 The crushing and fermentation experiments were carried out on two kinds of spice plant waste stalks and the two plant stalks after fermentation were compounded separately with tomato as a test crop to carry out a seedling experiment. 【Results】 The fermentation of the two kinds of stalk at a high temperature above 45℃ lasted for more than 36 days, which showed that the two kinds of stalk were rich in easily degradable organic matter. After fermentation, the content of organic matter and nutrients was high, reaching 709.8 and 688.4 g/kg, and the total content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium reached 3.60% and 5.33%. The contents of available phosphorus increased by 15.57% and 19.72%, respectively, the contents of available potassium increased by 55.10% and 123.50% respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the two stalk substrates after being mixed with perlite and vermiculite were within the range of suitable soilless culture substrates. Compared to the peat substrate after the compound, there was no significant difference in the emergence rate, growth indicators and seedling quality of the two kinds of stalk substrates after the compounding. Of the two stalk substrates, the mint stalk substrate performed better in tomato seedling cultivation. 【Conclusion】 The two kinds of spice plant stalks can be used in production as organic raw materials for vegetable seedling substrates.

Key words: lavender stalk; mint stalk; ferment; substrate utilization

中图分类号:

S188

于秀针, 穆晓路, 张杰, 赵超, 李浩, 冯斌. 两种香料植物秸秆发酵复配后育苗基质效果评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 735-741.

YU Xiuzhen, MU Xiaolu, ZHANG Jie, ZHAO Chao, LI Hao, FENG Bin. Fermention Process of Two Kinds of Spice Plant Waste Stalk and Evaluation on the Effect of Compound Seeling Substrate[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 735-741.

图/表 7

图1 香料植物秸秆堆制过程中温度变化

Fig.1 Temperature changes during the composting process of spice plant stalk

图2 香料植物秸秆堆制过程中有机质和有机碳含量变化

Fig.2 Changes of organic matter and organic carbon content during composting process of spice plant stalk

图3 香料植物秸秆堆制过程中全氮含量和C/N变化

Fig.3 Changes of total nitrogen content and C/N during composting process of spice plant stalk

表1 香料植物秸秆堆制前后营养成分含量变化

Tab.1 Changes of nutrient contents of spice plant stalk before and after composting

处理 Treatment	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phosp horus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	速效氮 Available nitrogen (g/kg)	速效磷 Available Phosphorus (g/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (g/kg)
发酵前薰衣草秸秆 Lavender straw before	18.24	2.10	12.23	5.20	1.22	16.57
发酵后的薰衣草秸秆 Fermonted Lavender straw	19.67	3.00	25.9	1.29	1.41	25.70
发酵前薄荷秸秆 Mint straw before fermentation	15.08	3.60	17.34	5.40	1.42	13.02
发酵后薄荷秸秆 Mint straw after fermentation	16.85	6.30	30.10	1.30	1.70	29.10

表2 香料植物秸秆复配后基质的理化性状

Tab.2 Analysis of physical and chemical properties about the substrates of spice plant stalk after compounding

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g/cm³)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	通气孔隙 Ventilation porosity(%)	持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity(%)	气水比 WHP AP	pH	电导率 (ms/cm) EC
T₁ T₂ T₃ T₄ CK	0.18 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.21	68.64 71.32 72.26 74.38 81.09	32.30 24.46 28.05 20.13 18.12	36.34 46.86 44.21 54.25 62.96	1∶1.43 1∶1.92 1∶1.73 1∶2.69 1∶3.47	8.56 9.13 7.68 7.95 7.06	4.07 4.34 2.28 2.66 0.98

表3 不同复配后基质下番茄出苗率及生长变化

Tab.3 Effects of substrates after compounding on the seedling rate and growth of tomato

处理 Treat- ment	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Plant height (mm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
T₁ T₂ T₃ T₄ CK	91.67^b 93.06^b 97.22^a 98.61^a 97.22^a	21.54^b 20.87^b 22.7 $4 a b$ 23.33^a 23.08^a	3.6 $7 b c$ 3.83^b 4.03^a 4.10^a 4.13^a	143.14^b 142.97^b 148.22^a 150.82^a 147.85^a

表3 不同复配后基质下番茄出苗率及生长变化

Tab.3 Effects of substrates after compounding on the seedling rate and growth of tomato

处理 Treat- ment	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Plant height (mm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
T₁ T₂ T₃ T₄ CK	91.67^b 93.06^b 97.22^a 98.61^a 97.22^a	21.54^b 20.87^b 22.7 $4 a b$ 23.33^a 23.08^a	3.6 $7 b c$ 3.83^b 4.03^a 4.10^a 4.13^a	143.14^b 142.97^b 148.22^a 150.82^a 147.85^a

表4 不同复配后基质下番茄幼苗质量变化

Tab.4 Effects of substrate after compounding on the quality of tomato seedlings

处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight(g/3株)		干重 Dry weight(mg/3株)		根冠比 Rootshoot ratio	壮苗指数 Seedling index
处理 Treatment	地上部 Aboveground	地下部 Underground	地上部 Aboveground	地下部 Underground	根冠比 Rootshoot ratio	壮苗指数 Seedling index
T₁ T₂ T₃ T₄ CK	12.21^b 12.30^b 13.44^a 13.87^a 13.93^a	1.3 $0 b c$ 1.38^b 1.51^a 1.52^a 1.54^a	949.30^b 957.30^b 988.70^a 1 002.30^a 1 012.00^a	136.00^b 137.80^b 142.40^b 147.80^a 149.10^a	0.143^a 0.144^a 0.144^a 0.147^a 0.146^a	0.174^b 0.178^b 0.18 $3 a b$ 0.190^a 0.189^a

表4 不同复配后基质下番茄幼苗质量变化

Tab.4 Effects of substrate after compounding on the quality of tomato seedlings

处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight(g/3株)		干重 Dry weight(mg/3株)		根冠比 Rootshoot ratio	壮苗指数 Seedling index
处理 Treatment	地上部 Aboveground	地下部 Underground	地上部 Aboveground	地下部 Underground	根冠比 Rootshoot ratio	壮苗指数 Seedling index
T₁ T₂ T₃ T₄ CK	12.21^b 12.30^b 13.44^a 13.87^a 13.93^a	1.3 $0 b c$ 1.38^b 1.51^a 1.52^a 1.54^a	949.30^b 957.30^b 988.70^a 1 002.30^a 1 012.00^a	136.00^b 137.80^b 142.40^b 147.80^a 149.10^a	0.143^a 0.144^a 0.144^a 0.147^a 0.146^a	0.174^b 0.178^b 0.18 $3 a b$ 0.190^a 0.189^a

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