复合添加剂对冷季绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.026

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 2054-2062.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.026

• 植物保护·设施农业·畜牧兽医·农业经济 • 上一篇下一篇

复合添加剂对冷季绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响

赵晨¹^,²(), 王彦¹, 阿不夏合满·穆巴拉克¹, 秦荣艳¹, 陈翔宇¹, 梁见弟¹^,², 王乐乐¹, 张志军¹, 王承敏¹, 王文奇¹(), 沙丽塔娜提³

1.新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011
2.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆野马繁殖研究中心,新疆昌吉 831700

收稿日期:2024-01-29 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 王文奇(1979-),男,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学,(E-mail)xjslswwq@163.com
作者简介:赵晨(1997-),男,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学,(E-mail) 1053417271@qq.com
基金资助:
天山青年计划—优秀青年科技人才培养项目(2020Q036);国家肉羊产业技术体系项目(CARS-38)

Effects of compound additives on growth performance, rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility of sheep in cold season

ZHAO Chen¹^,²(), WANG Yan¹, Abuxiaheman Mubalake¹, QIN Rongyan¹, CHEN Xiangyu¹, LIANG Jiandi¹^,², WANG Lele¹, ZHANG Zhijun¹, WANG Chengmin¹, WANG Wenqi¹(), Shalitanati ³

1. Feed Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China
2. College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
3. Xinjiang Mustang Breeding Research Center,Changji Xinjiang 831700,China

Received:2024-01-29 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: WANG Wenqi(1979-), male,researcher, master, master tutor, research direction: animal nutrition and feed science, (E-mail)xjslswwq@163.com
Supported by:
Tianshan Youth Program-the Training Project of Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents(2020Q036);The National Mutton Sheep Industrial Technology System Project(CARS-38)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究复合添加剂对冷季绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响。【方法】选用体重[(39.64±2.72) kg]相近、健康状况良好的6月龄阿勒泰羊公羊60只,随机分为1个对照组和3个复合添加剂组(E₁组、E₂组、E₃组),每组15只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,E₁组在基础饲粮中添加2.2%的复合添加剂Ⅰ(沙棘叶粉:氯化铵:谷氨酰胺=15:5:2),E₂组在基础饲粮中添加2.2%的复合添加剂Ⅱ(沙棘叶粉:氯化铵:胍基乙酸=15:5:1),E₃组在基础饲粮中添2.2%的复合添加剂Ⅲ(沙棘叶粉:氯化铵:谷氨酰胺:胍基乙酸=15:5:2:1)。预试期15 d,正试期30 d。【结果】(1)整个试验阶段,E₁、E₂和E₃组的平均日采食量显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);E₁和E₃组第1~15 d料重比极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)E₁组的乙酸/丙酸显著高于E₃组(P<0.05);E₂组的异戊酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);其它瘤胃发酵参数组间差异不显著。(3)E₁组的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及总能的表观消化率最高,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),E₂组粗脂肪的表观消化率最高,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加复合添加剂有助于提高冷季绵羊的养分表观消化率。【结论】复合添加剂Ⅰ(沙棘叶粉:氯化铵:谷氨酰胺=15:5:2)在冷季绵羊生产中的应用效果较好。

关键词: 冷应激; 抗冷应激添加剂; 瘤胃发酵; 养分表观消化率; 绵羊

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of compound additives on rumen fermentation. 【Methods】 Sixty 6-month-old Altay rams with similar body weight [(39.64 ± 2.72) kg] and good health were randomly divided into one control group and three compound additive groups (E₁ group, E₂ group and E₃ group), with 15 sheep in each group. The CON group was fed with basic diet, E₁ group was added with 2.2% compound additive I (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: glutamine = 15:5:2), E₂ group was added with 2.2% compound additive II (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: guanylacetic acid = 15:5:1), and E₃ group was added with 2.2% compound additive III (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: glutamine: guanylacetic acid = 15:5:2:1). The pre-trial period was 15 days and the pilot period was 30 days. 【Results】 The results showed that(1) The average daily feed intake of E₁, E₂ and E₃ groups was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ratio of feed to gain in E₁ and E₃ groups was significantly lower than that in control group during the first 15 days (P<0.01). (2) The acetic acid/propionic acid levels in the E₁ group were significantly higher than those in the E₃ group (P<0.05); The concentration of isovaleric acid in E₂ group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in other rumen fermentation parameters between groups. (3) The E₁ group had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, and total energy, which was significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The E₂ group had the highest apparent digestibility of crude fat, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 It can be seen that adding composite additives to the diet helps improve the apparent nutrient digestibility of cold season sheep. In summary, the application effect of composite additive I (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: glutamine=15:5:2) in cold season sheep production is good.

Key words: cold stress; anti cold stress additive; rumen fermentation; apparent digestibility of nutrients; sheep

中图分类号:

S826

赵晨, 王彦, 阿不夏合满·穆巴拉克, 秦荣艳, 陈翔宇, 梁见弟, 王乐乐, 张志军, 王承敏, 王文奇, 沙丽塔娜提. 复合添加剂对冷季绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2054-2062.

ZHAO Chen, WANG Yan, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, QIN Rongyan, CHEN Xiangyu, LIANG Jiandi, WANG Lele, ZHANG Zhijun, WANG Chengmin, WANG Wenqi, Shalitanati . Effects of compound additives on growth performance, rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility of sheep in cold season[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 2054-2062.

图/表 7

参考文献 31

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原料 Ingredients	含量 Content	营养成分 Nutrients⁽²⁾	含量 Content
玉米 Corn	27.13	干物质 DM	95.62
棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein	8.48	粗蛋白质CP	13.65
喷浆玉米皮Corn husk	9.55	粗脂肪 EE	3.92
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ	5.30	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	31.13
棉花机渣 Residue after cotton machine collection	18.00	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	20.94
青贮 Silage corn	17.00	粗灰分 Ash	9.79
小麦秸Wheat straw	12.00	木质素 ADL	4.85
石粉Stone powder	1.06	钙 Ca	1.37
小苏打 NaHCO₃	0.42	磷 P	0.37
食盐 NaCl	0.53	总能 GE (MJ/kg)	16.57
预混料 Premix⁽¹⁾	0.53
合计 Total	100.00

原料 Ingredients	含量 Content	营养成分 Nutrients⁽²⁾	含量 Content
玉米 Corn	27.13	干物质 DM	95.62
棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein	8.48	粗蛋白质CP	13.65
喷浆玉米皮Corn husk	9.55	粗脂肪 EE	3.92
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ	5.30	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	31.13
棉花机渣 Residue after cotton machine collection	18.00	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	20.94
青贮 Silage corn	17.00	粗灰分 Ash	9.79
小麦秸Wheat straw	12.00	木质素 ADL	4.85
石粉Stone powder	1.06	钙 Ca	1.37
小苏打 NaHCO₃	0.42	磷 P	0.37
食盐 NaCl	0.53	总能 GE (MJ/kg)	16.57
预混料 Premix⁽¹⁾	0.53
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
初重 initial BW(kg)	39.60±3.80	39.32±3.40	39.85±2.03	39.76±2.55
末重 Final BW (kg)	45.75±5.29	46.59±5.25	46.29±3.22	46.84±3.00
平均日采食量 ADFI (g)	1 199.48±103.00^Cc	1 377.64±83.27^Aa	1 284.21±116.36^Bb	1 324.24±109.64^ABb
平均日增重 ADG (g)	205.01±69.36	242.08±77.84	214.58±45.55	236.04±37.04
料重比 F/G	5.85±0.50^ABab	5.69±0.34^ABb	5.98±0.54^Aa	5.61±0.46^Bb

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
初重 initial BW(kg)	39.60±3.80	39.32±3.40	39.85±2.03	39.76±2.55
末重 Final BW (kg)	45.75±5.29	46.59±5.25	46.29±3.22	46.84±3.00
平均日采食量 ADFI (g)	1 199.48±103.00^Cc	1 377.64±83.27^Aa	1 284.21±116.36^Bb	1 324.24±109.64^ABb
平均日增重 ADG (g)	205.01±69.36	242.08±77.84	214.58±45.55	236.04±37.04
料重比 F/G	5.85±0.50^ABab	5.69±0.34^ABb	5.98±0.54^Aa	5.61±0.46^Bb

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
氨态氮 Ammoniacal nitrogen (mg/dL)	11.94±3.52	11.12±2.14	13.79±2.81	12.11±3.13
乙酸 Acetic acid(mmol/L)	18.14±8.10	18.40±5.64	21.60±8.72	20.00±5.48
丙酸 Propionic acid(mmol/L)	4.67±2.32	4.26±1.48	5.54±2.39	5.29±1.71
丁酸 Butyric acid(mmol/L)	3.65±1.83	3.12±1.09	4.32±2.11	3.95±2.03
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid(mmol/L)	0.28±0.08	0.31±0.06	0.34±0.12	0.31±0.07
戊酸 Pentanoic acid(mmol/L)	0.18±0.06	0.19±0.05	0.26±0.12	0.23±0.08
异戊酸 Isopentanoic acid(mmol/L)	0.31±0.09^b	0.40±0.07^ab	0.42±0.13^a	0.36±0.10^ab
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA(mmol/L)	27.24±12.22	26.68±8.30	32.49±13.51	30.15±9.12
乙酸/丙酸 A/P	3.98±0.63^ab	4.42±0.45^a	3.97±0.42^ab	3.87±0.56^b

复合添加剂对冷季绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响

Effects of compound additives on growth performance, rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility of sheep in cold season

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项目 Items		组别 Groups
项目 Items		CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
干物质 DM	摄入量 (g)	1 188.89±114.42^ABa	1 319.89±114.5^Aa	1 033.56±67.91^Bb	1 207.63±72.70^ABa
	排出量 (g)	628.32±96.44^a	539.82±87.89^ab	497.31±63.20^b	569.84±41.03^ab
	消化量 (g)	560.57±61.62^Bb	780.07±58.05^Aa	536.25±103.58^Bb	637.79±90.97^ABb
	表观消化率 (%)	47.3±4.60^Bb	59.29±4.51^Aa	51.64±7.51^ABb	52.64±4.93^ABab
有机物 OM	摄入量(g)	1 163.49±28.78^ABb	1 282.22±69.12^Aa	1 040.66±94.96^Bc	1 142.06±69.03^ABb
	排出量(g)	561.89±66.20^Aa	477.13±14.64^ABb	432.64±71.83^Bb	470.43±32.29^ABb
	消化量 (g)	601.60±60.29^Bb	805.09±56.47^Aa	608.02±77.60^Bb	671.63±76.56^Bb
	表观消化率 (%)	51.73±5.31^Bb	62.74±1.17^Aa	58.43±5.63^ABa	58.68±3.81^ABa
粗脂肪 EE	摄入量 (g)	49.92±1.81^Bbc	60.97±3.06^Aa	52.51±2.25^Bb	47.24±3.23^Bc
	排出量 (g)	24.60±8.58^Aa	12.97±2.48^ABb	10.83±1.93^Bb	10.37±3.60^Bb
	消化量 (g)	25.32±6.85^Cc	48.00±4.79^Aa	41.69±2.64^ABab	36.88±0.64^Bb
	表观消化率 (%)	51.16±15.70^Bb	78.61±4.65^Aa	79.38±3.54^Aa	78.35±6.41^Aa

项目 Items		组别 Groups
项目 Items		CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
干物质 DM	摄入量 (g)	1 188.89±114.42^ABa	1 319.89±114.5^Aa	1 033.56±67.91^Bb	1 207.63±72.70^ABa
	排出量 (g)	628.32±96.44^a	539.82±87.89^ab	497.31±63.20^b	569.84±41.03^ab
	消化量 (g)	560.57±61.62^Bb	780.07±58.05^Aa	536.25±103.58^Bb	637.79±90.97^ABb
	表观消化率 (%)	47.3±4.60^Bb	59.29±4.51^Aa	51.64±7.51^ABb	52.64±4.93^ABab
有机物 OM	摄入量(g)	1 163.49±28.78^ABb	1 282.22±69.12^Aa	1 040.66±94.96^Bc	1 142.06±69.03^ABb
	排出量(g)	561.89±66.20^Aa	477.13±14.64^ABb	432.64±71.83^Bb	470.43±32.29^ABb
	消化量 (g)	601.60±60.29^Bb	805.09±56.47^Aa	608.02±77.60^Bb	671.63±76.56^Bb
	表观消化率 (%)	51.73±5.31^Bb	62.74±1.17^Aa	58.43±5.63^ABa	58.68±3.81^ABa
粗脂肪 EE	摄入量 (g)	49.92±1.81^Bbc	60.97±3.06^Aa	52.51±2.25^Bb	47.24±3.23^Bc
	排出量 (g)	24.60±8.58^Aa	12.97±2.48^ABb	10.83±1.93^Bb	10.37±3.60^Bb
	消化量 (g)	25.32±6.85^Cc	48.00±4.79^Aa	41.69±2.64^ABab	36.88±0.64^Bb
	表观消化率 (%)	51.16±15.70^Bb	78.61±4.65^Aa	79.38±3.54^Aa	78.35±6.41^Aa

项目 Items		组别 Groups
项目 Items		CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
粗蛋白 CP	摄入量 (g)	157.48±17.18^Bb	192.98±12.39^Aa	148.23±12.42^Bb	184.56±9.98^Aa
	排出量 (g)	87.06±14.85	82.01±3.96	76.73±11.67	85.44±3.05
	消化量 (g)	70.41±9.87^Bb	110.97±14.41^Aa	71.50±19.17^Bb	99.12±11.94^Aa
	表观消化率(%)	44.88±5.43^Bb	57.32±4.10^Aa	47.81±9.78^ABb	53.55±3.75^ABab
总能 GE	摄入量(MJ)	18.39±3.76^b	22.33±2.27^a	19.40±2.02^ab	19.85±2.31^ab
	排出量(MJ)	9.24±2.25	8.62±1.45	8.95±1.66	8.98±0.88
	消化量(MJ)	9.14±1.88^Bb	13.71±1.29^Aa	10.45±1.42^Bb	10.87±2.03^Bb
	表观消化率 (%)	49.92±4.18^Bb	61.56±4.12^Aa	53.95±6.09^ABb	54.45±5.26^ABb

项目 Items		组别 Groups
项目 Items		CON	E₁	E₂	E₃
粗蛋白 CP	摄入量 (g)	157.48±17.18^Bb	192.98±12.39^Aa	148.23±12.42^Bb	184.56±9.98^Aa
	排出量 (g)	87.06±14.85	82.01±3.96	76.73±11.67	85.44±3.05
	消化量 (g)	70.41±9.87^Bb	110.97±14.41^Aa	71.50±19.17^Bb	99.12±11.94^Aa
	表观消化率(%)	44.88±5.43^Bb	57.32±4.10^Aa	47.81±9.78^ABb	53.55±3.75^ABab
总能 GE	摄入量(MJ)	18.39±3.76^b	22.33±2.27^a	19.40±2.02^ab	19.85±2.31^ab
	排出量(MJ)	9.24±2.25	8.62±1.45	8.95±1.66	8.98±0.88
	消化量(MJ)	9.14±1.88^Bb	13.71±1.29^Aa	10.45±1.42^Bb	10.87±2.03^Bb
	表观消化率 (%)	49.92±4.18^Bb	61.56±4.12^Aa	53.95±6.09^ABb	54.45±5.26^ABb