施加生物炭对盐胁迫下无花果生物量叶绿素荧光参数及离子分配的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】盐胁迫条件下,研究施加生物炭对无花果植株生物量、叶绿素荧光参数及离子分配的影响。【方法】以2年生无花果布兰瑞克和日本紫果的扦插苗为试材,在0.6%(102 mmol/L)NaCl胁迫处理下,设置2个生物炭水平(非生物炭为对照和50 g/kg生物炭土壤),测定其生物量、叶绿素荧光参数及元素和离子含量。【结果】生物炭处理的布兰瑞克、日本紫果的叶片、叶柄、细根、粗根部位干重与对照相比显著增加;叶绿素荧光参数到第6 d第3片真叶最大荧光Fm布兰瑞克和日本紫果分别下降了34.0%、14.5%和52.7%、43.8%且布兰瑞克大于日本紫果;PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm分别下降了30.3%、21.9%和31.6%、28.0%且布兰瑞克大于日本紫果;生物炭处理的植株与对照相比叶片根部毒害离子Na⁺、Cl^-含量显著降低了,相反K⁺、Ca²⁺呈现显著增加趋势。【结论】施加生物炭减少了盐胁迫下对无花果植株毒害离子的吸收,以及叶绿素荧光参数下降幅度减少并保持较高值,维持了离子分配平衡,显著提高了其根部、叶部的生物量,促进其对营养矿物质的吸收。

关键词: 生物炭; 无花果; 生物量; 叶绿素荧光参数; 离子分配

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of biochar on the biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and ion distribution of FIG plants under simulated salt stress with 0.6% (102 mmol/L) NaCl solution.【Method】 The biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, element and ion contents of 2-year old figs Brunswick and Violette Solise were measured under 0.6% (102 mmol/L) NaCl stress at two biochar levels (non-biochar as control and 50 g/kg biochar soil).【Result】 The dry weight of leaf, petiole, fine root and thick root of Brunswick and Violette Solise treated by biochar increased significantly compared with the control.The maximum chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the third true leaf of Brunswick and Violette Soliseon on the 6th day decreased by 34.0%, 14.5% and 52.7%, 43.8%, respectively, and the maximum chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Brunswick and Violette Solis were higher than those of Violette Solise.The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PS Ⅱ decreased by 30.3%, 21.9% and 31.6%, 28.0%, respectively.In terms of ion distribution, the content of toxic ions Na⁺ and Cl^- in leaves and roots of plants treated by biochar significantly decreased compared with the control, while K⁺ and Ca²⁺ showed a significant increase trend.【Conclusion】 Applying biological carbon reduces the absorption of toxic ions and the decline of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in FIG plants under salt stress and a higher value and the balance of ion distribution maintain, the biomass of roots and leaves significantly increases, and their absorption of nutrients and minerals is significantly increased.

Key words: biochar; fig; biomass; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; ion distribution

中图分类号:

S663.3

吕齐, 蒋宇, 赵丰云, 雷叶, 于坤, 姚东东, 李旭娇, 沙日叶, 王芳霞. 施加生物炭对盐胁迫下无花果生物量叶绿素荧光参数及离子分配的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 574-581.

LYU Qi, JIANG Yu, ZHAO Fengyun, LEI Ye, YU Kun, YAO Dongdong, LI Xujiao, SHA Riye, WANG Fangxia. Effects of Biochar on Biomass, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Ion Distribution of FIG under Salt Stress[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 574-581.

图/表 5

参考文献 35

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处理 Treatment	新叶 New leaf (g)	新叶柄 New petiole (g)	细根(<2 mm) Fine root (g)	粗根(>2 mm) Thick root (g)
布兰瑞克+CK Brunswick+CK	1.92±0.18^b	0.20±0.04^b	3.31±0.86^ab	6.83±0.97^a
布兰瑞克+生物炭 Brunswick+Biochar	3.13±0.419^a	0.27±0.06^a	3.86±0.91^a	7.44±1.09^a
日本紫果+CK Violette Solise+CK	1.80±0.12^b	0.18±0.05^b	2.45±0.24^b	6.42±0.75^a
日本紫果+生物炭 Violette Solise+Biochar	2.94±0.35^a	0.25±0.02^a	3.09±0.45^ab	6.71±1.23^a

处理 Treatment	新叶 New leaf (g)	新叶柄 New petiole (g)	细根(<2 mm) Fine root (g)	粗根(>2 mm) Thick root (g)
布兰瑞克+CK Brunswick+CK	1.92±0.18^b	0.20±0.04^b	3.31±0.86^ab	6.83±0.97^a
布兰瑞克+生物炭 Brunswick+Biochar	3.13±0.419^a	0.27±0.06^a	3.86±0.91^a	7.44±1.09^a
日本紫果+CK Violette Solise+CK	1.80±0.12^b	0.18±0.05^b	2.45±0.24^b	6.42±0.75^a
日本紫果+生物炭 Violette Solise+Biochar	2.94±0.35^a	0.25±0.02^a	3.09±0.45^ab	6.71±1.23^a

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	C(mg/kg)	N(mg/kg)	C/N
叶Leaf	布兰瑞克+CK	2.440±0.44^a	0.156±0.03^ab	15.66±0.03^b
	布兰瑞克+生物炭	2.366±0.75^a	0.167±0.03^a	14.14±0.07^b
	日本紫果+CK	2.356±0.43^a	0.113±0.06^b	20.84±0.13^a
	日本紫果+生物炭	2.595±0.20^a	0.164±0.02^a	15.84±0.22^b
细根Fine root	布兰瑞克+CK	2.600±0.34^a	0.056±0.09^c	46.20±0.63^a
	布兰瑞克+生物炭	2.576±0.53^a	0.064±0.06^b	40.18±0.43^b
	日本紫果+CK	2.457±0.72^a	0.079±0.02^a	31.38±0.71^c
	日本紫果+生物炭	2.582±0.12^a	0.063±0.02^b	40.55±0.91^b

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	C(mg/kg)	N(mg/kg)	C/N
叶Leaf	布兰瑞克+CK	2.440±0.44^a	0.156±0.03^ab	15.66±0.03^b
	布兰瑞克+生物炭	2.366±0.75^a	0.167±0.03^a	14.14±0.07^b
	日本紫果+CK	2.356±0.43^a	0.113±0.06^b	20.84±0.13^a
	日本紫果+生物炭	2.595±0.20^a	0.164±0.02^a	15.84±0.22^b
细根Fine root	布兰瑞克+CK	2.600±0.34^a	0.056±0.09^c	46.20±0.63^a
	布兰瑞克+生物炭	2.576±0.53^a	0.064±0.06^b	40.18±0.43^b
	日本紫果+CK	2.457±0.72^a	0.079±0.02^a	31.38±0.71^c
	日本紫果+生物炭	2.582±0.12^a	0.063±0.02^b	40.55±0.91^b

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	Na⁺ (mg/kg)	K⁺ (mg/kg)	Ca²⁺(mg/kg)	Cl^- (mg/kg)	K⁺/ Na⁺	Ca²⁺/ Na⁺
叶 Leaf	布兰瑞克+CK	2 204.55±0.44^a	11 421.18±0.44^a	6 337.47±0.44^a	12 811.50±0.44^a	5.18	2.87
	布兰瑞克+生物炭	1 793.86±0.44^a	18 489.95±0.44^a	10 634.91±0.44^a	7 546.10±0.44^a	10.31	5.93
	日本紫果+CK	2 686.56±0.44^a	11 847.56±0.44^a	5 145.15±0.44^a	13 154.30±0.44^a	4.41	1.92
	日本紫果+生物炭	1 753.75±0.44^a	12 058.34±0.44^a	9 699.33±0.44^a	9 750.40±0.44^a	6.88	5.53
细根 Fine root	布兰瑞克+CK	4 119.70±0.44^a	11 182.38±0.44^a	25 345.69±0.44^a	3 715.70±0.44^a	2.71	6.15
	布兰瑞克+生物炭	2 732.87±0.44^a	13 000.87±0.44^a	49 543.95±0.44^a	2 361.30±0.44^a	4.76	18.13
	日本紫果+CK	4 498.72±0.44^a	10 363.52±0.44^a	15 099.57±0.44^a	3 242.90±0.44^a	2.30	3.36
	日本紫果+生物炭	2 725.76±0.44^a	12 475.67±0.44^a	35 423.43±0.44^a	2 943.90±0.44^a	4.58	13.00