矮壮素滴施量对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征及其抗倒伏性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析矮壮素滴施量对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征及其抗倒伏性的影响,研究滴灌冬小麦抗倒伏的矮壮素最佳滴施量,为新疆滴灌小麦抗倒伏及其调控措施提供理论依据。【方法】于2018~2019年在大田滴灌条件下,设置5个不同矮壮素滴施量,分别为0 mL/hm²(D₀)、1 500 mL/ hm²(D₁)、3 000 mL/hm²(D₂)、4 500 mL/hm²(D₃)、6 000 mL/hm²(D₄)及对常规喷施用量3 000 mL/hm²(CK),分析不同处理对滴灌冬小麦株高、茎粗、重心高度、茎秆机械强度、基部节间充实度、茎秆抗倒伏指数及田间倒伏率和产量的影响。【结果】随矮壮素滴施量的增加,滴灌冬小麦株高、基部节间长和重心高度比均表现出不同程度的下降,茎秆抗倒伏指数呈上升趋势。田间倒伏率随着矮壮素滴施量的增加而逐渐降低,与CK相比,D₂、D₃、D₄处理的均明显降低。籽粒产量以D₃处理为最高,为8 098.9 kg/hm²,分别较D₀、D₁、D₂、D₄、CK提高了12.21%、6.53%、3.75%、5.74%、6.51%。【结论】矮壮素滴施用量为4 500 mL/hm²时,滴灌冬小麦茎秆高度适宜,重心高度比相对较低,抗倒伏指数相对较高,籽粒产量最高。

关键词: 冬小麦; 滴灌; 矮壮素; 茎秆特征; 抗倒伏能力

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of dripping amount of chlormequat on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation, and to determine the best dripping amount of chlormequat for lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation, so as to provide theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of winter wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. 【Method】 From 2018 to 2019, under the condition of field drip irrigation, five different drip rates of chlormequat were set, which were 0 mL/hm²(D₀), 1,500 mL/ hm²(D₁), 3,000 mL/hm²(D₂), 4,500 mL/hm²(D₃), 6,000 mL/ hm²(D₄) and one routine spraying. The effects of different treatments on plant height, stem diameter, gravity center height, mechanical strength of stem, basal internode fullness, lodging resistance index of stem, lodging rate and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, basal internode length and barycenter height ratio of drip irrigation winter wheat decreased to different degrees, and the lodging resistance index of stem increased. The lodging rate in the field decreased gradually with the increase of chlormequat drip, and compared with CK, the lodging rate in D₂, D₃ and D₄ treatments decreased significantly. The grain yield of D₃ treatment was the highest, which was 8,098.9 kg/hm², which was 12.21%, 6.53%, 3.75%, 5.74% and 6.51% higher than that of D₀, D₁, D₂, D₄ and CK, respectively. 【Conclusion】 When the application amount of chlormequat drops is 4,500 mL/hm², the straw height of winter wheat under drip irrigation is suitable, the gravity center height ratio is relatively low, the lodging resistance index is relatively high, and the grain yield is the highest, which can provide reference for production.

Key words: winter wheat; drip irrigation; chlorocholine chlorid; stem characteristics; lodging resistance

中图分类号:

S512.1

康靓, 张娜, 张永强, 陈传信, 雷钧杰, 徐文修. 矮壮素滴施量对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征及其抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 63-69.

KANG Liang, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, LEI Junjie, XU Wenxiu. Effects of CCC Irrigation Amount on Stem Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 63-69.

图/表 5

参考文献 20

[1]	新疆维吾尔自治区统计年鉴[J]. 中国统计出版社, 2018.
	Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Xinjiang statistical yearbook [J]. Beijing: China Statistic Press, 2018.
[2]	Lai K, Berkman P J, Lorenc M T, et al. WheatGenome.Info: an integrated database and portal for wheat genome information[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2012, 53(2):e2(1-7).
[3]	Briggs K G. Studies of recovery from artificially induced lodging in several six-row barley cultivars[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1990, 70(1):173-181. DOI URL
[4]	文廷刚. 植物生长调节剂对小麦抗倒伏能力、产量和品质的影响及其生理机理[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2012.
	WEN Tinggang. Effects of plant growth regulators on lodging resistance of stem and yield, quality in wheat[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2012.
[5]	彭佃亮. 小麦倒伏与茎秆木质素代谢的关系及其对籽粒产量和淀粉特征的影响[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2014.
	PENG Dianliang. Effects of lodging on grain yield and starch characteristics and its relationship to stem lignin metabolism in wheat[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2014.
[6]	朱占华. 植物生长调节剂对小麦茎秆抗倒伏能力及其产量和品质的影响[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2011.
	ZHU Zhanhua. Effects of plant growth regulators on lodging resistance of stem and yield, quality in wheat[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2011.
[7]	王成雨, 李静, 张一, 等. 化控剂对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能、植株整齐度及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(2):170-177.
	WANG Chengyu, LI Jing, ZHANG Yi, et al. Effects of chemical regulation on culm lodging resistance, plant uniformity and yield of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(2):170-177.
[8]	熊乐, 马富裕, 樊华, 等. 冬灌与化学调控互作对滴灌春小麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32(5):932-936.
	XIONG Le, MA Fuyu, FAN Hua, et al. Interaction effects of winter irrigation and chemical regulation in lodging-resistance and yield of drip irrigated spring wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32(5):932-936.
[9]	郭建文, 田新会, 张舒芸, 等. 不同浓度矮壮素对黑麦抗倒伏性和种子产量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018, 35(5):1128-1137.
	GUO Jianwen, TIAN Xinhui, ZHANG Shuyun, et al. Effect of different chlorocholine chlorid (CCC) concentrations on lodging resistance and seed yield of rye[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(5):1128-1137.
[10]	华智锐, 李小玲. 矮壮素对小麦抗倒伏性能的诱导效应研究[J]. 河北农业科学, 2017, 21(2):47-51,71.
	HUA Zhirui, LI Xiaoling. Researches of CCC in induction lodging resistance of wheat[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 21(2):47-51,71.
[11]	孙岩, 张宏纪, 辛文利, 等. 苗期镇压与矮壮素结合处理对小麦生育及其基部节生长的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2013,(2):14-16.
	SUN Yan, ZHANG Hongji, XIN Wenli, et al. Influence of rolling and spraying TUR at seedling stage on growth period and growth of base stem for wheat[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2013,(2):14-16.
[12]	马瑞琦, 亓振, 常旭虹, 等. 化控剂对冬小麦植株性状及产量品质的调节效应[J]. 作物杂志, 2018,(1):133-140.
	MA Ruiqi, QI Zhen, CHANG Xuhong, et al. Regulation effects of growth regulators on plant characters, yield and quality of winter wheat[J]. Crops, 2018,(1):133-140.
[13]	王勇, 李晴祺, 李朝恒, 等. 小麦品种茎秆的质量及解剖学研究[J]. 作物学报, 1998,(4):452-458,516.
	WANG Yong, LI Qingqi, LI Chaoheng, et al. Studies on the culm quality and anatomy of wheat varieties[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1998,(4):452-458,516.
	位国峰, 林琪, 商健, 等. 不同滴灌量对冬小麦水分利用及品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(4):200-205.
	WEI Guofeng, LIN Qi, SHANG Jian, et al. Effects of different drip irrigation amount on water use efficiency and quality of winter wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2015, 30(4):200-205.
[14]	黄振江. 南疆滴灌小麦需水规律与灌溉制度研究[D]. 阿拉尔:塔里木大学, 2018.
	HUANG Zhenjiang. Research on water requirement pattern and irrigation system of wheat under drip irrigation in South Xinjiang[D]. Aral: Tarim University, 2018.
[15]	程裕伟. 北疆地区滴灌春小麦需水规律及产量形成特征研究[D]. 石河子:石河子大学, 2010.
	CHENG Yuwei. Study on characteristics of the water requirement and yield components in spring wheat under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2010.
[16]	张娜. 滴灌量及施氮量对冬小麦生理生态特征的影响研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2016.
	ZHANG Na. Effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen levels on the physiological and ecological characteristics of winter wheat under drip irrigation[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2016.
[17]	王荣栋, 王新武, 符林, 等. 关于滴灌小麦栽培的几个问题[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2010, 47(7):1412-1415.
	WANG Rongdong, WANG Xinwu, FU Lin, et al. Several Problems about Wheat Cultivation by Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 47(7):1412-1415.
[18]	陈东. 新疆小麦滴灌技术的应用现状、存在问题及对策[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2018, 41(5):7-8.
	CHEN Dong. Application status, existing problems and countermeasures of drip irrigation technology for wheat in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology, 2018, 41(5):7-8.
[19]	李召锋, 杨茂深, 周英, 等. 滴灌春小麦蜡熟期抗倒性综合评价[J]. 分子植物育种, 2017, 15(8):3199-3209.
	LI Zhaofeng, YANG Maoshen, ZHOU Ying, et al. Comprehensive evaluation on lodging resistance of spring wheat at dough stage under drip irrigation[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017, 15(8):3199-3209.
[20]	郭建文, 田新会, 张舒芸, 等. 拔节期喷施矮壮素对小黑麦抗倒伏性及产量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2018, 53(6):42-49.
	GUO Jianwen, TIAN Xinhui, ZHANG Shuyun, et al. Effects of chormequat chaloride on lodging resistance and yield of triticale at jointing stage[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2018, 53(6):42-49.

冬前 Pre-winter	起身期 Upstanding Stage	拔节期 Jointing Stage	孕穗期 Booting Stage	抽穗期 Heading Stage	开花期 Flowering Stage	灌浆前期 Early Stage of Filling	灌浆中期 Middle Stage of Filling
灌水模数		30%	25%	10%	15%	10%	10%
60	250	75	62.5	25	37.5	25	25

冬前 Pre-winter	起身期 Upstanding Stage	拔节期 Jointing Stage	孕穗期 Booting Stage	抽穗期 Heading Stage	开花期 Flowering Stage	灌浆前期 Early Stage of Filling	灌浆中期 Middle Stage of Filling
灌水模数		30%	25%	10%	15%	10%	10%
60	250	75	62.5	25	37.5	25	25

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	倒1节间长度 Inverted 1st internode length (cm)	倒2节间长度 Inverted 2nd internode length (cm)	倒3节间长度 Inverted 3rd internode length (cm)	倒4节间长度 Inverted 4th internode length (cm)	倒5节间长度 Inverted 5th internode lengt (cm)
D₀	114.62^a	38.78^a	26.12^a	16.89^ab	14.71^a	10.27^a
D₁	108.38^b	36.82^b	24.43^b	15.58^b	13.57^b	9.64^bc
D₂	111.55^ab	34.08^c	23.84^c	15.75^b	14.19^ab	9.85^ab
D₃	109.47^b	32.98^c	23.89^c	15.35^c	13.68^b	9.00^c
D₄	91.40^c	30.50^e	21.02^d	15.27^c	13.52^b	8.74^c
CK	99.90^b	33.48^c	24.57^b	15.96^b	13.49^b	9.70b^c

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	倒1节间长度 Inverted 1st internode length (cm)	倒2节间长度 Inverted 2nd internode length (cm)	倒3节间长度 Inverted 3rd internode length (cm)	倒4节间长度 Inverted 4th internode length (cm)	倒5节间长度 Inverted 5th internode lengt (cm)
D₀	114.62^a	38.78^a	26.12^a	16.89^ab	14.71^a	10.27^a
D₁	108.38^b	36.82^b	24.43^b	15.58^b	13.57^b	9.64^bc
D₂	111.55^ab	34.08^c	23.84^c	15.75^b	14.19^ab	9.85^ab
D₃	109.47^b	32.98^c	23.89^c	15.35^c	13.68^b	9.00^c
D₄	91.40^c	30.50^e	21.02^d	15.27^c	13.52^b	8.74^c
CK	99.90^b	33.48^c	24.57^b	15.96^b	13.49^b	9.70b^c

处理 Treatments	开花期Anthesis stage		乳熟期Mile stage		成熟期Dough stage
处理 Treatments	重心高度比 Percentage of the centre of gravity(%)	基部节间充实度 Filling degree (mg/cm)	重心高度比 Percentage of the centre of gravity(%)	基部节间充实度 Filling degree (mg/cm)	重心高度比 Percentage of the centre of gravity(%)	基部节间充实度 Filling degree (mg/cm)
D₀	46.52^c	16.78^cd	47.67^c	22.35^b	47.04^b	21.34^d
D₁	46.69^c	17.09^d	47.70^c	19.90^cd	46.37^c	22.72^c
D₂	47.24^bc	17.23^d	48.02^b	19.18^d	47.15^b	23.43^c
D₃	47.06^bc	19.82^b	48.29^b	26.73^a	47.54^b	24.60^b
D₄	48.31^b	20.95^a	49.37^b	22.27^b	47.55^b	29.74^a
CK	52.46^a	16.85^d	54.75^a	22.12^b	52.67^a	22.62^c