

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1720-1730.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.017
陈静1,2(
), 蒲胜海2, 王则玉2, 刘小利2, 徐娟娟1,2, 苟燕如2, 许咏梅2, 李宁1, 马兴旺1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-12-05
出版日期:2025-07-20
发布日期:2025-09-05
通信作者:
马兴旺(1970-),男,宁夏人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农业面源污染,(E-mail)maxw@xaas.ac.cn作者简介:陈静(1997-),女,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源利用,(E-mail)2931316091@qq.com
基金资助:
CHEN Jing1,2(
), PU Shenghai2, WANG Zeyu2, LIU Xiaoli2, XU Juanjuan1,2, GOU Yanru2, XU Yongmei2, LI Ning1, MA Xingwang1,2(
)
Received:2024-12-05
Published:2025-07-20
Online:2025-09-05
Supported by:摘要:
【目的】大定额畦灌冬春灌洗盐压碱模式难以支撑西北绿洲水资源短缺的可持续发展,探索以高效用水为目标的滴水春灌方式,将有助于减少盐碱地淋洗定额。【方法】设置田间小区试验,比较滴水春灌下不同淋洗定额(W1:750 m3/hm2,W2:1 125 m3/hm2,W3:1 500 m3/hm2,W4:1 875 m3/hm2,W5:2 250 m3/hm2)下0~100 cm土层土壤盐分及盐基离子的分布情况,并以畦灌2 250 m3/hm2为对照。【结果】土壤剖面盐分含量表现为窄行<宽行<膜间,且随着淋洗定额的增加,相同土层深度含盐量呈降低趋势。在滴水春灌方式下膜内脱盐率较高,膜间脱盐率较低;与畦灌相比,脱盐率表现为膜内>畦灌>膜间;整体表现为滴灌脱盐率高于畦灌,在2 250 m3/hm2灌溉定额下,滴灌比畦灌的脱盐率高61.77%。经过滴水春灌淋洗后,SO2- 4、Ca2+、Cl-和Na+的含量有所降低。【结论】在拥有稳定水源供应且滴灌系统完备的地下水灌溉或地表灌溉区域内,采用滴水春灌方式替代传统的畦灌方式,不仅可以将春灌定额降低20%,更能显著提升脱盐率至67.9%,为作物生长营造较适宜的盐分环境。
中图分类号:
陈静, 蒲胜海, 王则玉, 刘小利, 徐娟娟, 苟燕如, 许咏梅, 李宁, 马兴旺. 盐碱地膜下滴水春灌下土壤盐分淋洗机制[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1720-1730.
CHEN Jing, PU Shenghai, WANG Zeyu, LIU Xiaoli, XU Juanjuan, GOU Yanru, XU Yongmei, LI Ning, MA Xingwang. The mechanism of soil salt leaching under spring irrigation with drip water under saline alkali plastic film[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1720-1730.
| 土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 总盐 Total salt (g/kg) | (g/kg) | (g/kg) | Cl- (g/kg) | (g/kg) | Ca2+ (g/kg) | Mg2+ (g/kg) | K+ (g/kg) | Na+ (g/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 10.404 | - | 0.207 | 2.041 | 4.416 | 1.808 | 0.522 | 1.224 | 0.188 |
| 20~40 | 12.044 | - | 0.232 | 1.331 | 6.720 | 2.416 | 0.249 | 0.954 | 0.145 |
| 40~60 | 11.612 | - | 0.195 | 0.817 | 6.970 | 2.672 | 0.312 | 0.540 | 0.105 |
| 60~80 | 11.899 | - | 0.183 | 0.568 | 7.507 | 2.992 | 0.166 | 0.381 | 0.100 |
| 80~100 | 11.000 | - | 0.195 | 0.533 | 6.816 | 2.560 | 0.361 | 0.429 | 0.093 |
表1 试验地处理前土壤盐分状况
Tab.1 Soil salinity status before experimental site treatment
| 土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 总盐 Total salt (g/kg) | (g/kg) | (g/kg) | Cl- (g/kg) | (g/kg) | Ca2+ (g/kg) | Mg2+ (g/kg) | K+ (g/kg) | Na+ (g/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 10.404 | - | 0.207 | 2.041 | 4.416 | 1.808 | 0.522 | 1.224 | 0.188 |
| 20~40 | 12.044 | - | 0.232 | 1.331 | 6.720 | 2.416 | 0.249 | 0.954 | 0.145 |
| 40~60 | 11.612 | - | 0.195 | 0.817 | 6.970 | 2.672 | 0.312 | 0.540 | 0.105 |
| 60~80 | 11.899 | - | 0.183 | 0.568 | 7.507 | 2.992 | 0.166 | 0.381 | 0.100 |
| 80~100 | 11.000 | - | 0.195 | 0.533 | 6.816 | 2.560 | 0.361 | 0.429 | 0.093 |
| 淋洗方式 Rinse methods | 灌水处理 Irrigation treatment | 灌水量 Irrigation amount W (m3/667m2) | 灌水量合计 Total amount of irrigation (m3/hm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 春滴灌 Spring dirp irrigation | W1 | 50 | 750 |
| W2 | 75 | 1 125 | |
| W3 | 100 | 1 500 | |
| W4 | 125 | 1 875 | |
| W5 | 150 | 2 250 | |
| 常规畦灌 Conventional border irrigation | CK | 150 | 2 250 |
表2 灌溉定额试验设计
Tab.3 Experimental design of irrigation quotas
| 淋洗方式 Rinse methods | 灌水处理 Irrigation treatment | 灌水量 Irrigation amount W (m3/667m2) | 灌水量合计 Total amount of irrigation (m3/hm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 春滴灌 Spring dirp irrigation | W1 | 50 | 750 |
| W2 | 75 | 1 125 | |
| W3 | 100 | 1 500 | |
| W4 | 125 | 1 875 | |
| W5 | 150 | 2 250 | |
| 常规畦灌 Conventional border irrigation | CK | 150 | 2 250 |
| 土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 取样位置 Sampling location | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | CK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | Z | 17.05 | 22.82 | 59.92 | 60.01 | 78.37 | 24.55 |
| K | 16.86 | 19.36 | 43.29 | 58.09 | 63.86 | 24.55 | |
| J | 12.09 | 14.09 | 19.45 | 29.64 | 60.88 | 14.55 | |
| 20~40 | Z | 1.86 | 4.81 | 49.93 | 50.18 | 52.42 | 4.26 |
| K | -0.22 | 3.68 | 19.13 | 45.78 | 46.94 | 4.26 | |
| J | -6.14 | 0.66 | 3.46 | 29.09 | 34.82 | -3.74 | |
| 40~60 | Z | -14.71 | -14.54 | -6.70 | 12.25 | 37.39 | -11.8 |
| K | -16.78 | -14.88 | -11.95 | 1.05 | 28.44 | -11.8 | |
| J | -24.63 | -21.06 | -11.77 | 6.64 | 16.09 | -17.8 | |
| 60~80 | Z | -29.67 | -29.01 | -5.81 | -1.27 | 35.71 | -28.4 |
| K | -29.86 | -29.60 | -11.94 | -3.71 | 27.31 | -28.4 | |
| J | -29.94 | -29.10 | -16.43 | -15.98 | 4.95 | -32 | |
| 80~100 | Z | -35.63 | -35.90 | -18.18 | -10.45 | 30.37 | -28.63 |
| K | -36.18 | -36.18 | -29.18 | -26.27 | 9 | -28.63 | |
| J | -46.87 | -45.33 | -20.31 | -21.77 | -5.67 | -30.63 | |
| 0~100 | Z | -10.48 | -9.03 | 15.41 | 21.79 | 46.35 | -7.88 |
| K | -11.94 | -10.01 | 1.38 | 14.66 | 34.83 | -7.88 | |
| J | -18.21 | -14.78 | -5.88 | 5.07 | 21.47 | -13.92 |
表3 不同滴灌定额及位置下土壤脱盐率(%)
Tab.3 Soil desalination rate under different drip irrigation quotas and locations
| 土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 取样位置 Sampling location | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | CK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | Z | 17.05 | 22.82 | 59.92 | 60.01 | 78.37 | 24.55 |
| K | 16.86 | 19.36 | 43.29 | 58.09 | 63.86 | 24.55 | |
| J | 12.09 | 14.09 | 19.45 | 29.64 | 60.88 | 14.55 | |
| 20~40 | Z | 1.86 | 4.81 | 49.93 | 50.18 | 52.42 | 4.26 |
| K | -0.22 | 3.68 | 19.13 | 45.78 | 46.94 | 4.26 | |
| J | -6.14 | 0.66 | 3.46 | 29.09 | 34.82 | -3.74 | |
| 40~60 | Z | -14.71 | -14.54 | -6.70 | 12.25 | 37.39 | -11.8 |
| K | -16.78 | -14.88 | -11.95 | 1.05 | 28.44 | -11.8 | |
| J | -24.63 | -21.06 | -11.77 | 6.64 | 16.09 | -17.8 | |
| 60~80 | Z | -29.67 | -29.01 | -5.81 | -1.27 | 35.71 | -28.4 |
| K | -29.86 | -29.60 | -11.94 | -3.71 | 27.31 | -28.4 | |
| J | -29.94 | -29.10 | -16.43 | -15.98 | 4.95 | -32 | |
| 80~100 | Z | -35.63 | -35.90 | -18.18 | -10.45 | 30.37 | -28.63 |
| K | -36.18 | -36.18 | -29.18 | -26.27 | 9 | -28.63 | |
| J | -46.87 | -45.33 | -20.31 | -21.77 | -5.67 | -30.63 | |
| 0~100 | Z | -10.48 | -9.03 | 15.41 | 21.79 | 46.35 | -7.88 |
| K | -11.94 | -10.01 | 1.38 | 14.66 | 34.83 | -7.88 | |
| J | -18.21 | -14.78 | -5.88 | 5.07 | 21.47 | -13.92 |
图4 滴水春灌后不同处理土壤剖面${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$变化规律
Fig.4 Changes in Soil Profile ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ after Drip Spring Irrigation under Different Treatments
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