新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1720-1730.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.017

• 棉花专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐碱地膜下滴水春灌下土壤盐分淋洗机制

陈静1,2(), 蒲胜海2, 王则玉2, 刘小利2, 徐娟娟1,2, 苟燕如2, 许咏梅2, 李宁1, 马兴旺1,2()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学 资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830091
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室/库尔勒农业面源污染新疆野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通信作者: 马兴旺(1970-),男,宁夏人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农业面源污染,(E-mail)maxw@xaas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:陈静(1997-),女,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源利用,(E-mail)2931316091@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900803);“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCLJ0050);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023005-6)

The mechanism of soil salt leaching under spring irrigation with drip water under saline alkali plastic film

CHEN Jing1,2(), PU Shenghai2, WANG Zeyu2, LIU Xiaoli2, XU Juanjuan1,2, GOU Yanru2, XU Yongmei2, LI Ning1, MA Xingwang1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091, China
    2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agroenvironment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/.Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Korla, Urumqi 830091, China
  • Received:2024-12-05 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-09-05
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program Project(2021YFD1900803);"Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2022TSYCLJ0050);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Stability Support Project(xjnkywdzc-2023005-6)

摘要:

【目的】大定额畦灌冬春灌洗盐压碱模式难以支撑西北绿洲水资源短缺的可持续发展,探索以高效用水为目标的滴水春灌方式,将有助于减少盐碱地淋洗定额。【方法】设置田间小区试验,比较滴水春灌下不同淋洗定额(W1:750 m3/hm2,W2:1 125 m3/hm2,W3:1 500 m3/hm2,W4:1 875 m3/hm2,W5:2 250 m3/hm2)下0~100 cm土层土壤盐分及盐基离子的分布情况,并以畦灌2 250 m3/hm2为对照。【结果】土壤剖面盐分含量表现为窄行<宽行<膜间,且随着淋洗定额的增加,相同土层深度含盐量呈降低趋势。在滴水春灌方式下膜内脱盐率较高,膜间脱盐率较低;与畦灌相比,脱盐率表现为膜内>畦灌>膜间;整体表现为滴灌脱盐率高于畦灌,在2 250 m3/hm2灌溉定额下,滴灌比畦灌的脱盐率高61.77%。经过滴水春灌淋洗后,SO2- 4、Ca2+、Cl-和Na+的含量有所降低。【结论】在拥有稳定水源供应且滴灌系统完备的地下水灌溉或地表灌溉区域内,采用滴水春灌方式替代传统的畦灌方式,不仅可以将春灌定额降低20%,更能显著提升脱盐率至67.9%,为作物生长营造较适宜的盐分环境。

关键词: 盐碱地; 滴水春灌; 灌溉定额; 盐分淋洗

Abstract:

【Objective】 The large quota border irrigation winter and spring irrigation with salt and alkali pressure model is difficult to support the sustainable development of soil and water resources in the northwest oasis. In veiw of this, this research aims to explore a drip spring irrigation method with efficient water use as the goal which might help reduce the quota of saline alkali land leaching. 【Methods】 By conducting field experiments, the distribution of soil salinity and base ions in the 0-100 cm soil layer was compared under different rinsing quotas (W1: 750 m3/hm2, W2: 1,125 m3/hm2, W3: 1,500 m3/hm2, W4: 1,875 m3/hm2, W5: 2,250m3/hm2) under drip spring irrigation, with 2,250 m3/hm2 as the control. 【Results】 The results showed that the salt content in the soil profile showed a narrow row<wide row<between films, and with the increase of leaching quota, the salt content in the same soil layer depth showed a decreasing trend. Under the drip spring irrigation method, the desalination rate inside the membrane was higher, while the desalination rate between membranes was lower; Compared with border irrigation, the desalination rate showed as follows: within film>border irrigation>between films; The overall performance was that the desalination rate of drip irrigation was higher than that of border irrigation. Under the irrigation quota of 2,250 m3/hm2, the desalination rate of drip irrigation was 61.77% higher than that of border irrigation. After spring irrigation with drip water, the content of ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$, Ca2+, Cl-, and Na+decreased. 【Conclusion】 In areas with stable water supply and complete drip irrigation systems for groundwater or surface irrigation, using drip spring irrigation instead of traditional border irrigation can not only reduce spring irrigation quotas by 20%, but also significantly improve desalination rates to 67.9%, creating a more suitable salt environment for crop growth.

Key words: saline alkali land; drip water for spring irrigation; irrigation quota; salt leaching

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

出版单位:《新疆农业科学》编辑部
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E-mail:xjnykx-h@xaas.ac.cn


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