春小麦种质资源耐热性筛选及鉴定

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1586-1594.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.003

春小麦种质资源耐热性筛选及鉴定

王昊博¹^,²(), 夏建强², 张鹏鹏², 金永伟¹^,², 张跃强²(), 耿洪伟¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-12-14 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-09-05
通信作者: 张跃强(1976-),男,新疆人,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com;
耿洪伟(1978-),男,新疆人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)hw-geng@163.com
作者简介:王昊博(1998-),男,黑龙江人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)1257480371@qq.com
基金资助:
小麦灌浆期耐高温相关性状的全基因组关联分析(xjnkq-2023029);人工合成小麦及其衍生系抗旱耐热基因发掘与利用(32061143040);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系(AJAR-01-05)

Screening and identification of spring wheat germplasm resources for heat resistance

WANG Haobo¹^,²(), XIA Jianqiang², ZHANG Pengpeng², JIN Yongwei¹^,², ZHANG Yueqiang²(), GENG Hongwei¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Tillage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-12-14 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-09-05
Supported by:
Genome-wide Association Analysis of Traits Related to Heat Tolerance in Wheat at Filling Stage(xjnkq-2023029);Discovery and Utilization of Synthetic Drought and Heat Tolerance Genes in Wheat and Its Derived Lines(32061143040);Wheat Industry Technology System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(AJAR-01-05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究小麦高温胁迫处理对其农艺性状及生理性状的影响,筛选优质耐热种质资源,为耐热小麦品种的选育提供科学依据。【方法】分析2022~2023年354份春小麦材料在正常及高温胁迫条件下的农艺性状,对多性状的耐热系数进行主成分分析并鉴定种质资源的耐热性。【结果】高温胁迫对小区产量、千粒重、容重、株高、穗长、总小穗数、SPAD、CT、NDVI共9个性状均产生显著影响(P<0.05),其中小区产量的耐热系数与容重呈显著正相关,和株高显著负相关;总小穗数与株高和穗长均呈显著正相关;NDVI与CT呈显著正相关。通过隶属函数法计算出各品系的综合耐热指数H值并进行聚类分析,鉴定出16个耐热型材料(HT),127个中等耐热型材料(MHT),170个中等热敏感型材料(MHS)以及41个热敏感型材料(HS)。【结论】高温胁迫严重影响其生长、发育和产量,筛选出GCP-9643、宁春20号等耐热型材料10个,以及GCP-9670、sw153等热敏感型材料10个,可作为小麦耐热育种的优良遗传资源。

关键词: 小麦; 高温胁迫; 性状; 耐热系数; 耐热材料

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is twofold: firstly, to examine the impact of elevated temperature stress treatments on the agronomic and physiological characteristics of wheat; and secondly, to identify high-quality, heat-tolerant germplasm resources. 【Methods】 In this study, we analyzed the agronomic traits of 354 spring wheat materials under normal and high temperature stress conditions in 2022 and 2023, performed principal component analysis of heat tolerance coefficients for multiple traits, and identified the heat tolerance of germplasm resources to provide a scientific basis for the selection and breeding of heat-tolerant wheat varieties. 【Results】 High-temperature stress significantly affected (P<0.05) nine characters, including plot yield, thousand grain weight, tolerance, plant height, spike length, total spikelets, SPAD, CT and NDVI, among which heat tolerance coefficients of plot yield were significantly positively correlated with tolerance and negatively correlated with plant height; total spikelets were significantly positively correlated with both plant height and spike length; and NDVI was significantly positively correlated with CT. The composite heat tolerance index H value of each line was calculated by the subordinate function method and analyzed by clustering, and 16 heat tolerant (HT), 127 moderately heat tolerant (MHT), 170 moderately heat sensitive (MHS) and 41 heat sensitive (HS) materials were identified. 【Conclusion】 High temperature stress seriously affects their growth, development and yield. Finally, 10 heat-tolerant materials, such as GCP-9643 and Ningchun 20, and 10 heat-sensitive materials, such as GCP-9670 and sw153, are screened out, which can be used as excellent genetic resources for heat-tolerant wheat breeding and provide the basic materials for creating new wheat varieties with excellent heat-tolerant characteristics.

Key words: wheat; heat stress; character; heat resistance coefficient; heat-resistant material

中图分类号:

S512

王昊博, 夏建强, 张鹏鹏, 金永伟, 张跃强, 耿洪伟. 春小麦种质资源耐热性筛选及鉴定[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1586-1594.

WANG Haobo, XIA Jianqiang, ZHANG Pengpeng, JIN Yongwei, ZHANG Yueqiang, GENG Hongwei. Screening and identification of spring wheat germplasm resources for heat resistance[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1586-1594.

图/表 10

图1 不同温度下小麦4个生育时期的变化注:FHS:第一个地上节出现;HEA:抽穗期;MIR:乳熟期;MER:面团期

Fig.1 Changes of four growth stages of Wheat under different temperatures Notes:FHS:The first above ground segment appears;HEA:Heading stage;MIR:Milk stage;MER:Dough poriod

图2 产量性状表型注:a. 2022~2023年小区产量,b. 2022~2023年千粒重,c. 2022~2023年容重;* 表示0.05 水平上差异显著;**表示在 0.01水平上差异显著

Fig.2 Yield trait phenotype bar chart Notes:a.community output in 2022-2023,b.The thousand-grain weight in 2022-2023,c.The unit weight in 2022-2023;* is a significant difference at the level of 0.05;** is a sinificant difference at the level of 0.01

图3 穗部性状表型注:a. 2022~2023年株高;b.2022~2023年穗长;c. 2022~2023年总小穗数;* 表示0.05 水平上差异显著

Fig.3 Phenotypic histogram of spike traits Notes:a.Plant hight in 2022-2023,b.Spike length in 2022-2023,Co Total number of spikelets in 2022-2023,* is a significant difference at the level of 0.05

图4 生理性状表型注:a. 2022~2023年SPAD, b. 2022~2023年CT;* 表示0.05 水平上差异显著

Fig.4 Physiological traits phenotype bar chart Notes:a. SPAD in 2022-2023, b.CT in 2022-2023* is a significant difference at the level of 0.05

图5 NDVI折线图注:a. 2022年NDVI,b. 2023年NDVI,FHS:第一个地上节出现,HEA:抽穗期,MIR:乳熟期,MER:面团期;***表示在 0.001水平上差异显著

Fig.5 NDVI line graph Notes:a. 2022 NDVI,b.2023 NDVI,FHS:The first ground festival,HEA:Heading stage,MIR:Milk stage,MER:Dough period;*** The difference is significant at the 0.001 level

表1 小麦各性状的耐热系数

Tab.1 Heat tolerance coefficients for various traits in wheat

性状 Traits	范围 Range	均值 ±标准差 Mean±SD	变异系数 CV(%)
Yield	0. 55~ 0. 98	0. 88±0. 08	9.91
TGW	0. 67~ 0. 97	0. 89±0. 08	8.98
BD	0. 79~ 0. 95	0. 88±0. 09	10.22
PH	0. 75~ 0. 90	0. 86±0. 06	6.98
SL	0. 45~ 0. 86	0. 82±0. 09	10.94
TSS	0. 68~ 1. 22	0. 91±0. 23	25. 27
SPAD	0. 28~ 0. 77	0. 63±0. 22	34.92
CT	0. 89~ 1. 26	1. 08±0. 12	11.11
NDVI	0. 81~ 1. 42	1. 25±0. 26	20.84

图6 小麦各性状耐热系数的相关性注:粉色为正相关;蓝色为负相关性;颜色越深则相关系数大;*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001

Fig.6 Correlation of heat tolerance coefficients for various traits in wheat Notes:Pink indicates a positive correlation;Blue indicatea a negative correlation;Darker colors indicate larger correlation coefficients;*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001

表2 主成分特征向量及贡献率

Tab.2 Principal component eigenvectors and contributions

参数 Parameter		PC₁	PC₂	PC₃	PC₄	PC₅	PC₆
特征值Eigen value		1.543	1.354	1.042	1.009	0.978	0.878
方差贡献Variancecontribution(%)		17.148	15.039	11.58	11.213	10.861	9.753
累计贡献Cumulative contribution(%)		17.148	32.187	43.767	54.981	65.842	75.595
特征向量 Eigen vector	Yield	0.86	0.049	0.144	-0.131	-0.022	0.029
	TGW	-0.023	0.007	-0.016	0.043	-0.029	0.028
	BD	0.723	-0.125	-0.279	0.066	-0.003	-0.126
	PH	-0.068	0.013	0.126	0.927	0.079	0.026
	SL	-0.068	-0.038	0.075	0.027	0.011	0.989
	TSS	-0.057	-0.074	0.927	0.126	-0.025	0.074
	SPAD	-0.016	0.053	-0.027	0.076	0.964	0.012
	CT	-0.091	0.724	0.165	-0.278	0.273	-0.042
	NDVI	0.011	0.805	-0.256	0.253	-0.137	-0.014

图7 小麦部分耐热指数聚类注:HT:耐热型材料,MCK:中等耐热型材料,MHT: 中等热敏感型材料,CK: 热敏感型材料

Fig.7 Clustering of some heat tolerance indices in wheat Notes:HT:Heat-resistant materinl,MCK:Medium heat-resistant material,MHT:Medium heat-sensituve material,CK:Heat-sensitive material

表3 H值筛选结果

Tab.3 H value screening results

项目 Items	品种名称 Varieties	H值 H value	品种名称 Varieties	H值 H value
耐热型 Heat- resistant type	GCP-9643	0.685 461	克春130892	0.633 545
	GCP-9650	0.625 007	龙麦33	0.665 569
	GCP-9655	0.631 076	龙麦67	0.678 571
	SW008	0.624 633	宁春20号	0.749 046
	SW121	0.612 202	新春44号	0.669 653
热敏感型 Heat- sensitive type	GCP-9710	0.346 156	SW128	0.324 599
	GCP-9670	0.310 593	SW096-2	0.352 551
	GCP-9740	0.346 597	SW100	0.341 712
	GCP-9750	0.335 831	SW106	0.341 613
	SW153	0.316 317	宁春8号	0.351 591

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春小麦种质资源耐热性筛选及鉴定

Screening and identification of spring wheat germplasm resources for heat resistance

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[1]	顾美英, 葛春辉, 楚敏, 唐琦勇, 朱静, 艾尼江·尔斯满, 易鸳鸯, 徐万里, 张志东. 基于主成分-隶属函数分析法评价复合菌对小麦根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1612-1623.
[2]	丁银灯, 范贵强, 高永红, 黄天荣, 周安定, 吴新元, 方辉. 花前干旱和矮壮素浓度对冬小麦光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1328-1336.
[3]	朱红霞, 胡林峰, 王琦琦, 张军高, 张少民, 周小云, 雷斌, 张志东. 链霉菌HU2014诱导小麦抗性基因的表达[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1337-1343.
[4]	任世恒, 王爱凡, 毛李平, 朱麒任, 苏秀娟. 不同繁殖方式对薰衣草农艺性状、精油产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1371-1379.
[5]	樊德鹏, 陈玉鹏, 石洁, 琚艳君, 邢斌德, 江应红, 刘易, 赵多勇. 新疆不同马铃薯品种品质性状的综合分析与评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1111-1120.
[6]	来汉林, 李进, 沈煜洋, 邓菲菲, 杨红, 李广阔, 李月, 高海峰. 小麦条锈菌SNP分子标记的开发与应用[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1219-1225.
[7]	刘旭欢, 于姗, 刘跃, 石书兵. 不同品种春小麦种子萌发期耐低温性综合评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 820-828.
[8]	郝曦煜, 张仲鹃, 郑成栋, 张斯文, 张瑾, 郑春秀, 吴世凯, 王雪. 不同鲜食玉米品种(系)农艺性状与产量的比较分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 837-849.
[9]	章莲, 陈湘耀, 王潭刚, 马晓梅, 陈兵, 王刚, 段震宇. 高强度地膜对土壤温度、湿度及棉花生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 539-545.
[10]	孙刚刚, 郭飞, 聂凌帆, 田文强, 王泓懿, 史永清, 吴利, 艾红玉, 张金汕, 石书兵. 种肥分离对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 593-599.
[11]	雷嘉诚, 张婧婧, 韩博, 鲁子翱. 基于PyOpenGL的虚拟小麦生长模拟及可视化系统[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 609-618.
[12]	郝曦煜, 张仲鹃, 张斯文, 张瑾, 郑春秀, 吴世凯, 张永久. 不同有机肥对土壤肥力及鲜食玉米农艺性状、产量与品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 619-626.
[13]	白世践, 户金鸽, 蔡军社, 吴久赟, 马小才, 袁森, 伍国红. 12个葡萄品种在吐鲁番葡萄产区的栽培特性及果实品质分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 678-687.
[14]	陆明昆, 李军宏, 尼陆排尔·于苏甫江, 潘喜鹏, 刘晓成, 张正贵, 潘占磊, 翟梦华, 张要朋, 赵文琪, 王丽宏, 王占彪. 追施硅肥对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 286-293.
[15]	王晓艳, 白云岗, 柴仲平, 卢震林, 刘洪波, 肖军, 阿曼尼萨. 休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 302-313.