园艺地布覆盖宽度对枣园土壤温度、水分、生长与产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同宽度地布覆盖模式对新疆和田地区枣树的影响。【方法】以新疆和田地区成龄骏枣为研究对象,分别设计3种不同宽度地布覆盖枣园与不铺设地布的对照组相比,研究其对枣园土壤温度、土壤水分和枣树生长的影响。【结果】(1)在枣园进行不同处理均对土壤温度产生了增温效果;不同宽度地布处理的各层地温均有所增加,但随着深度的增加气温对土壤温度的影响越小;(2)3种地布覆盖均有一定的保墒效果,与CK相比,C₃的保水效果较好。(3)不同宽度地布覆盖均能有利于枣树的生长,新梢长度表现为C₂>C₃>C₁>CK;枣吊长度表现为C₃>C₂>C₁>CK;在产量方面,C₁、C₂和C₃处理的产量分别比CK处理增加了6.34%、17.74%和18.44%。(4)C₂处理最优,C₃处理次之。【结论】园艺地布应用于枣园覆盖,可以改善土壤温度和提高含水率,对土壤具有较好的保墒作用,促进了枣树的生长及产量。

关键词: 枣树; 地布覆盖; 土壤温度; 土壤水分; 枣树生长

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of different width mulching patterns on jujube trees in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In this study, three kinds of ground cloth covering jujube orchards with different widths were designed to study the effects of soil temperature, soil moisture and growth of jujube trees in jujube orchards compared with the control group without ground cloth. 【Results】(1) Different treatments in jujube orchards had a warming effect on soil temperature, and the ground temperature of each layer of different width cloth treatments increased, but the effect of air temperature on soil temperature decreased with the increase of depth; (2) The three kinds of ground cloth mulching had a certain moisture retention effect, and the water retention effect of C₃ was better than that of CK. (3) Different widths of ground covering were beneficial to the growth of jujube trees, and the length of new shoots was C₂>C₃>C₁>CK, and the length of jujube hanging was C₃>C₂>C₁>CK, and the yields of C₁, C₂ and C₃ treatments increased by 6.34%, 17.74% and 18.44%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. (4) The C₂ treatment was the best, followed by the C₃ treatment. 【Conclusion】 The application of horticultural ground cloth to jujube orchard mulching can improve soil temperature and moisture content, and has a good moisture retention effect on soil, which can promote the growth and yield of jujube trees.

Key words: jujube; floor cloth covering; soil temperature; soil moisture; jujube tree growth

中图分类号:

S156

李旭斌, 赵秀杰, 吕廷波, 宋仁友, 付鑫法. 园艺地布覆盖宽度对枣园土壤温度、水分、生长与产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1431-1441.

LI Xubin, ZHAO Xiujie, LYU Tingbo, SONG Renyou, FU Xinfa. Effects of different widths of horticultural ground cover on soil temperature, moisture and growth in jujube orchards[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1431-1441.

图/表 9

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生育阶段 Reproductive stage	灌水时间 Irrigation time (M/D)	每次灌水量 Amount of irrigation per time (m³/hm²)	灌水次数 Number of times of watering
新梢萌芽期 New shoots sprout	5/1 5/14	630	2
花果期 Flowering and fruiting period	6/1 6/16 7/2 7/14	630	4
果实膨大期 Fruit expansion period	7/26 8/8	630	2
白熟期 White ripening stage	8/21 9/9	630	2
完熟期 Maturity period	/	0	0
全生育期 Whole growth period	4/30~10/20	6 300	10

生育阶段 Reproductive stage	灌水时间 Irrigation time (M/D)	每次灌水量 Amount of irrigation per time (m³/hm²)	灌水次数 Number of times of watering
新梢萌芽期 New shoots sprout	5/1 5/14	630	2
花果期 Flowering and fruiting period	6/1 6/16 7/2 7/14	630	4
果实膨大期 Fruit expansion period	7/26 8/8	630	2
白熟期 White ripening stage	8/21 9/9	630	2
完熟期 Maturity period	/	0	0
全生育期 Whole growth period	4/30~10/20	6 300	10

处理 Treatments	纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm)	横径 Transverse Diameter (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	37.62±1.41^ab	22.51±1.20^a	1.68±0.13^a	5 553.60±171.75^a
C₁	39.02±0.21^bc	23.57±0.84^a	1.68±0.05^a	5 905.95±79.65^b
C₂	42.21±2.45^cd	24.34±0.25^a	1.73±0.05^a	6 538.85±43.35^c
C₃	44.20±1.14^d	25.39±1.29^a	1.66±0.02^a	6 578.14±141.18^c

处理 Treatments	纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm)	横径 Transverse Diameter (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	37.62±1.41^ab	22.51±1.20^a	1.68±0.13^a	5 553.60±171.75^a
C₁	39.02±0.21^bc	23.57±0.84^a	1.68±0.05^a	5 905.95±79.65^b
C₂	42.21±2.45^cd	24.34±0.25^a	1.73±0.05^a	6 538.85±43.35^c
C₃	44.20±1.14^d	25.39±1.29^a	1.66±0.02^a	6 578.14±141.18^c

处理 Treat- ments	正理想解距离 Positive Ideal solution distance (d⁺)	负理想解距离 Negative ideal solution distance (d^-)	综合得分指数 Composite score index	排序 Sort
CK	0.904 3	0.426 7	0.320 6	4
C₁	0.659 2	0.376 5	0.363 5	3
C₂	0.374 7	0.784 7	0.676 7	1
C₃	0.449 0	0.846 7	0.653 4	2