苦豆子生物碱对西瓜品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究苦豆子生物碱与瓜果专用肥及尿素的施用对西瓜的产量和品质的影响,分析苦豆子生物碱对西瓜的产量和品质的作用效果。【方法】采用田间试验,以西瓜品种:黑珍珠(A₁)、新优2号(A₂)和安农2号(A₃)为材料,共设4个处理,每个处理3次重复:分别为处理1(T₁):苦豆子生物碱水溶液;处理2(T₂):瓜果类专用肥;处理3(T₃):尿素;处理4(CK):为对照常规基肥处理;分析施用苦豆子生物碱对3个西瓜品种的产量和品质的影响。【结果】苦豆子生物碱水溶液处理均能显著增加3个西瓜品种的经济产量和生物产量;显著增高可溶性固形物、VC含量及果实硬度,且降低了硝酸盐含量和果实空心度。3个品种在单果重、产量、可溶性固形物含量、硬度、果实空心度、硝酸盐含量和VC含量等方面均表现出较好的增产和改善效果。单果重分别比对照CK增加了59.95%、73.03%和55.52%。产量分别比对照CK增加了59.45%、74.98%和57.91%。可溶性固形物含量分别比对照CK增加了49.46%、47.38%和44.95%。硬度分别比对照提高了28.16%、25.98%和47.38%。果实空心度分别比对照降低了92.38%、83.96%和86.3%。硝酸盐含量分别比对照降低了25%、30.94%和34.64%。VC含量分别比对照增加了69.84%、73.08%和65.67%。【结论】苦豆子生物碱可以显著提高西瓜的可溶性固形物含量、VC含量、硬度、成熟度,同时降低硝酸盐含量和果实空心度,且与常规复合肥配合施用对其各西瓜品种间的产量和果实品质均具有显著的作用,在多项检测指标上表现均较佳。

关键词: 西瓜; 苦豆子; 生物碱; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of the application of bitter bean seed alkaloids with special fertilizers for melons and fruits and urea on the yield and quality of watermelon and clarify its effects on the yield and quality of watermelon. 【Methods】 A field trial was conducted with watermelon varieties: Black Pearl (A₁), New Superior No. 2 (A₂) and Anon No. 2 (A₃) as the test materials, and four treatments were set up in the trial, with three replications for each treatment: treatment 1 (T₁): aqueous solution of bitter bean seed alkaloids; treatment 2 (T₂): special fertilizer for melons and fruits; treatment 3 (T₃): urea; and treatment 4 (CK): a control conventional basal fertilizer treatment, respectively. The effects of bitter bean alkaloid application on the yield and quality of three watermelon varieties were analyzed. 【Results】 The treatment with aqueous solution of bitter bean seed alkaloids significantly increased the economic and biological yields of the three watermelon varieties; significantly increased the soluble solids, vitamin C content and fruit hardness, and reduced the nitrate content and fruit hollowness. The three varieties showed better yield increase and improvement in single fruit weight, yield, soluble solids content, hardness, fruit hollowness, nitrate content and vitamin C content. Single fruit weight increased by 59.95%, 73.03% and 55.52%, respectively, compared with control CK. Yield increased by 59.45%, 74.98% and 57.91% over control CK, respectively. Soluble solids content increased by 49.46%, 47.38% and 44.95% over control CK, respectively. Hardness increased by 28.16%, 25.98% and 47.38% over control, respectively. Fruit hollowness was reduced by 92.38%, 83.96% and 86.3%, respectively, over the control. Nitrate content was reduced by 25%, 30.94% and 34.64%, respectively, over the control. Vitamin C content increased by 69.84%, 73.08% and 65.67%, respectively, over the control. 【Conclusion】 Bitter bean seed alkaloids can significantly increase the soluble solids content, vitamin C content, hardness and ripeness of watermelon, while reducing nitrate content and fruit hollowness. And the application with conventional compound fertilizer has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality among its various watermelon varieties, and performs better in a number of testing indexes.

Key words: watermelon; bitter bean seeds; alkaloids; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S651

吴斌, 吴海波, 刘翔宇, 赵龙. 苦豆子生物碱对西瓜品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1151-1158.

WU Bin, WU Haibo, LIU Xiangyu, ZHAO Long. Studies on the effects of alkaloids of bitter bean seeds on the quality of watermelon[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1151-1158.

图/表 6

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品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	单果质量 Mass of single fruit (kg)	较CK Compared to (%)	小区产量 Cell yield (kg)	折合产量 Converted yield (kg/hm²)	较CK Compared to CK (%)
A₁	T₁	3.01士0.05^a	58.95	751.67±12.83^a	37 810.50±771.85^a	59.45
	T₂	2.63±0. 05^b	38.42	656.67±13. 77^b	32 835.00±688.85^b	39.45
	T₃	2.63±0. 03^b	38.42	651.50±7.86^b	32 587.95±401. 10^b	38.38
	CK	1.90±0. 42^c	-	475.83±8.78^c	23 292.55±438.83^c
A₂	T₁	5.07±0. 15^a	73.03	1 266.67±38.19^a	63 336.45±1 909. 81^a	74.98
	T₂	4.80±0.20^a	63.82	1 200.00±50.00^b	60 002.85±2 500.15^a	64.98
	T₃	4.17±0. 15^b	42.32	1 041.67±38.19^b	52 081.00±1 909. 85^b	43.98
	CK	2.93±0.15^c	-	733.33±38. 19^c	36 667.70±1 912.90^c	-
A₃	T₁	5.23±0. 25^a	55. 2	1 308.33±62.92^a	65 479.95±3 196.05^a	57.91
	T₂	5.10±0.36^ab	51.33	1 275.00±90.14^ab	63 753.15±4 506.90^ab	52.45
	T₃	4.63±0.31^b	37.62	1 158.33±76.38^b	57 919.50±3 819.00^b	38.89
	CK	3.37±0. 15^c	-	841.67±38.19^c	42 085.50±1 809.55^c	-

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	单果质量 Mass of single fruit (kg)	较CK Compared to (%)	小区产量 Cell yield (kg)	折合产量 Converted yield (kg/hm²)	较CK Compared to CK (%)
A₁	T₁	3.01士0.05^a	58.95	751.67±12.83^a	37 810.50±771.85^a	59.45
	T₂	2.63±0. 05^b	38.42	656.67±13. 77^b	32 835.00±688.85^b	39.45
	T₃	2.63±0. 03^b	38.42	651.50±7.86^b	32 587.95±401. 10^b	38.38
	CK	1.90±0. 42^c	-	475.83±8.78^c	23 292.55±438.83^c
A₂	T₁	5.07±0. 15^a	73.03	1 266.67±38.19^a	63 336.45±1 909. 81^a	74.98
	T₂	4.80±0.20^a	63.82	1 200.00±50.00^b	60 002.85±2 500.15^a	64.98
	T₃	4.17±0. 15^b	42.32	1 041.67±38.19^b	52 081.00±1 909. 85^b	43.98
	CK	2.93±0.15^c	-	733.33±38. 19^c	36 667.70±1 912.90^c	-
A₃	T₁	5.23±0. 25^a	55. 2	1 308.33±62.92^a	65 479.95±3 196.05^a	57.91
	T₂	5.10±0.36^ab	51.33	1 275.00±90.14^ab	63 753.15±4 506.90^ab	52.45
	T₃	4.63±0.31^b	37.62	1 158.33±76.38^b	57 919.50±3 819.00^b	38.89
	CK	3.37±0. 15^c	-	841.67±38.19^c	42 085.50±1 809.55^c	-