利用新疆盐碱土建立油菜耐盐性鉴定体系

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 829-836.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.006

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

利用新疆盐碱土建立油菜耐盐性鉴定体系

胡凤仪¹(), 顾元国², 侯献飞², 贾东海², 苗昊翠², 沈金雄³, 汪天玲², 黄奕², 王洁², 李强²(), 于月华¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.华中农业大学,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2024-09-06 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-20
通信作者: 李强(1980-),男,新疆人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为油料作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)lq19820302@126.com;
于月华(1981-),女,新疆博州人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物抗逆分子育种,(E-mail)yuyuehua1213@sina.com
作者简介:胡凤仪(2000-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为油菜耐盐性鉴定,(E-mail)1252265604@qq.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2022C04);国家重大科技专项(2022ZD0401005);新疆油料产业技术体系(XJARS-05);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A03004-4)

Establishing a rapeseed salt tolerance identification system by using saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang

HU Fengyi¹(), GU Yuanguo², HOU Xianfei², JIA Donghai², MIAO Haocui², SHEN Jinxiong³, WANG Tianling², HUANG Yi², WANG Jie², LI Qiang²(), YU Yuehua¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Crops, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2024-09-06 Published:2025-04-20 Online:2025-06-20
Supported by:
Special Project for the Development of Local Science and Technology Guided by the Central Government(ZYYD2022C04);National S & T Major Project(2022ZD0401005);Xinjiang Oil Industry Technology Project(XJARS-05);Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A03004-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究油菜在新疆盐碱土胁迫下的耐受性,筛选出更符合生产实际的耐盐品种,在新疆盐碱环境下建立油菜耐盐性鉴定体系。【方法】采用盆栽土培法,按T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄和T₅比例的新疆南疆盐土,筛选出的10份耐盐性强油菜种质资源,鉴定其芽期和全生育期的耐盐性,确定盐碱土下对油菜筛选耐盐的最佳浓度,使用该浓度盐土鉴定300份油菜品种,测定其发芽率,根据生长情况综合筛选出耐盐性强的6份油菜种质资源,按不同比例对其进行耐盐梯度鉴定,分析其离子含量,以盐土下油菜的发芽率将品种耐盐性分类。【结果】确定油菜盐土的耐盐鉴定浓度,按此浓度根据发芽率将300份油菜分为强、中、弱和极弱4类,其中10份耐盐品种,75份材料中等耐盐品种,91份敏盐品种,24份极敏盐品种。并根据全生育期的观察确定6份耐盐性并根据全生育期的观察确定6份耐盐性较强的品种,对其进行全生育期耐盐鉴定试验,根据F=0.4 Z+0.3 H +0.3 Y对其耐盐性进行综合评价,CJLZS219266、CJLZS219310的Z<0.3,为Ⅳ级,盐碱敏感性,CJLZS219346、CJLZS219181、CJLZS219172,为Ⅲ级,不耐盐碱;而CJLZS219368的F值>0.7,为Ⅰ级耐盐碱性。【结论】油菜在新疆盐土下萌发期耐盐性鉴定的最适宜浓度为T₃浓度,明确其离子含量,以盐土下油菜的发芽率进行品种耐盐性分类。

关键词: 油菜; 耐盐性; 盆栽鉴定; 盐土

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to explore the tolerance of rapeseed under saline-alkali soil stress in Xinjiang, screen out salt-tolerant varieties that are more in line with actual production, and establish a salt tolerance identification system for rapeseed under saline-alkali environment in this region. 【Methods】 In this study, the pot soil culture method was used to identify the salt tolerance of rapeseed germplasm resources with strong salt tolerance screened in the previous experiment with the proportion of T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ in southern Xinjiang saline soil. The salt tolerance of the whole growth period was identified, and the optimum concentration of salt tolerance screening for rapeseed under saline-alkali soil was determined to be. The concentration of saline soil was used to identify 300 rapeseed varieties, and the germination rate was determined. According to the growth situation, 6 rapeseed germplasm resources with strong salt tolerance were screened out, and salt tolerance gradient identification was carried out according to different proportions. The ion content was determined, and the salt tolerance of the varieties was classified by the germination rate of rapeseed under saline soil. 【Results】 The results showed that the optimum concentration of T₃ for the identification of salt tolerance of rapeseed during germination under saline soil in Xinjiang was determined. In addition,the ion content was determined, and the salt tolerance of rapeseed varieties was classified according to the germination rate of rapeseed under saline soil. 【Conclusion】 In this experiment, the salt tolerance identification concentration of rape saline soil is determined. According to this concentration, 300 rapes are divided into four categories: strong, medium, weak and extremely weak by germination rate, including 10 salt-tolerant varieties, 75 medium salt-tolerant varieties, 91 sensitive salt varieties and 24 extremely sensitive salt varieties. According to the observation of the whole growth period, 6 varieties with strong salt tolerance are determined, and the salt tolerance identification experiment is carried out in the whole growth period. According to F = 0.4 Z + 0.3 H + 0.3 Y, the salt tolerance was classified. The Z <0.3 of CJLZS219266 and CJLZS219310 was grade IV, saline-alkali sensitivity. The Z value 0.3 ≤ Z <0.5 of CJLZS219346, CJLZS219181 and CJLZS219172 is grade III, which is not tolerant to saline-alkali. The F > 0.7 of CJLZS219368 is grade I strong saline-alkali resistance.

Key words: Brassica juncea; salt tolerance; potted identification; saline soil

中图分类号:

S565.4

胡凤仪, 顾元国, 侯献飞, 贾东海, 苗昊翠, 沈金雄, 汪天玲, 黄奕, 王洁, 李强, 于月华. 利用新疆盐碱土建立油菜耐盐性鉴定体系[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 829-836.

HU Fengyi, GU Yuanguo, HOU Xianfei, JIA Donghai, MIAO Haocui, SHEN Jinxiong, WANG Tianling, HUANG Yi, WANG Jie, LI Qiang, YU Yuehua. Establishing a rapeseed salt tolerance identification system by using saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 829-836.

图/表 7

表1 2022年盐土离子浓度

Tab.1 Saline soil ion concentration in 2022

原样品编号 Original sample number	T₁	T₂	T₃	南疆盐碱土 Southern Xinjiang saline alkali soil
pH值 pH value	7.39	8.24	8.31	8.81
水溶性盐分 Water- soluble salts(g/kg)	10.46	21.76	24.50	94.86
阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity (cmol/kg)	41.23	31.76	37.98	7.46
Cl^- (g/kg)	1.96	3.72	6.12	1.41
S $O 4 2 -$ (g/kg)	5.91	5.87	3.76	9.64
C $O 3 2 -$ (g/kg)	<检出限	<检出限	<检出限	<检出限
HC $O 3 -$ (g/kg)	0.47	0.42	0.51	0.32
K⁺ (g/kg)	0.90	0.72	1.59	0.90
Na⁺ (g/kg)	1.04	2.47	7.37	26.35
Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	2.58	2.46	2.67	2.93
Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	0.66	0.68	0.85	3.18

表1 2022年盐土离子浓度

Tab.1 Saline soil ion concentration in 2022

原样品编号 Original sample number	T₁	T₂	T₃	南疆盐碱土 Southern Xinjiang saline alkali soil
pH值 pH value	7.39	8.24	8.31	8.81
水溶性盐分 Water- soluble salts(g/kg)	10.46	21.76	24.50	94.86
阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity (cmol/kg)	41.23	31.76	37.98	7.46
Cl^- (g/kg)	1.96	3.72	6.12	1.41
S $O 4 2 -$ (g/kg)	5.91	5.87	3.76	9.64
C $O 3 2 -$ (g/kg)	<检出限	<检出限	<检出限	<检出限
HC $O 3 -$ (g/kg)	0.47	0.42	0.51	0.32
K⁺ (g/kg)	0.90	0.72	1.59	0.90
Na⁺ (g/kg)	1.04	2.47	7.37	26.35
Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	2.58	2.46	2.67	2.93
Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	0.66	0.68	0.85	3.18

表2 不同处理下参试材料的出苗率及出苗率标准化情况

Tab.2 The emergence rate and emergence rate standardization of the test materials under different treatments

材料名称 Material name	原名称 Original name	T₁(%)	T₂(%)	T₃(%)	T₄(%)	T₅(%)	Z
CNYQD222 001	caibhav/自交4-GYG	100	100	100	33	0	0.00
CNYQD222 002	威宁芥菜12/自交2-LZS	100	100	83	50	0	0.34
CNYQD222 003	广德野芥/自交3-LZS	100	100	67	16	0	0.39
CNYQD222 004	JR042/自交3-GYG	100	100	67	16	0	0.39
CNYQD222 005	Zem-2/自交3-LZS	100	100	100	33	0	0.00
CNYQD222 006	CR86(Doneckaja4)/自交3-LZS	100	100	50	33	16	0.75
CNYQD222 007	Ekla/自交3-GYG	100	83	83	0	0	0.00
CNYQD222 008	PI458929(Leth22A)/自交3-LZS	100	100	67	16	16	0.39
CNYQD222 009	阿克苏油菜/自交5-GYG	100	83	50	50	0	1.00
CNYQD222 010	拜城黄油菜	100	67	67	33	0	0.00

图1 盐土盆栽300份油菜品种发芽率的变化

Fig.1 Changes germination rate of 300 rape varieties in saline soil pot experiment

表3 不同浓度盐碱土下参试材料的出苗率及出苗率标准化情况

Tab.3 The emergence rate and emergence rate standardization of the test materials under different concentrations of saline-alkali soil

材料名称 Material name	原名称 Original name	T₁	T₂	T₃	Z
CJLZS219368	CR 2652/自交1	1.000	0.813	0.750	0.750
CJLZS219266	CR 79 (Blaze)/自交1	1.000	0.813	0.250	0.250
CJLZS219310	曲沟大黄油菜籽/自交3-LZS	1.000	0.813	0.250	0.250
CJLZS219181	PI181026/自交4-LZS	1.000	0.750	0.500	0.500
CJLZS219346	石庄小芥/自交3-GYG	1.000	0.813	0.500	0.375
CJLZS219172	18WHZ6-10	1.000	0.813	0.375	0.300

表4 不同浓度盐碱土下参试材料株高及株高的标准化情况

Tab.4 The plant height and plant height standardization of the test materials under different concentrations of saline-alkali soil

材料名称 Material name	T₁	T₂	T₃	H
CJLZS219368	37.200	21.280	20.920	0.980
CJLZS219266	37.570	30.430	30.000	0.940
CJLZS219310	31.180	24.670	9.330	0.300
CJLZS219181	73.830	66.670	18.080	0.128
CJLZS219346	68.300	65.950	55.720	0.190
CJLZS219172	76.380	70.780	43.210	0.170

表5 不同浓度盐碱土下参试材料的产量、产量标准化情况及综合评价

Tab.5 The yield, yield standardization and comprehensive evaluation of the test materials under different concentrations of saline-alkali soil

材料名称 Material name	T₁	T₂	T₃	Y	F
CJLZS219368	1.785	1.683	1.542	0.419	0.719
CJLZS219266	3.533	2.195	2.030	0.891	0.650
CJLZS219310	3.066	1.939	1.806	0.895	0.458
CJLZS219181	1.432	1.037	0.557	0.451	0.374
CJLZS219346	0.867	0.820	0.520	0.135	0.246
CJLZS219172	2.985	1.588	1.141	0.758	0.398

图2 不同浓度盐胁迫下油菜品种生长差异注:每盆盐碱土浓度从左至右依次为T1、T2、T3、T4和T5的浓度,显示在盛花期时不同浓度盐胁迫下油菜生长有显著差异,浓度越高,油菜生长速率越低

Fig.2 Growth differences of rapeseed varieties under different concentrations of salt stress Notes:The concentrations of saline alkali soil in each pot from left to right ave T1、T2、T3、T4 and T5,there are significant differences in the growth of rapeseed under different concentrations of salt stress during the peak flowering period,the higher the concentration,the slower the growth rafe of rapeseed

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利用新疆盐碱土建立油菜耐盐性鉴定体系

Establishing a rapeseed salt tolerance identification system by using saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang

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