伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.025

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 1002-1013.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.025

伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析

高凤(), 孟军(), 曾亚琦, 曾明敏, 薛宇恒, 尚婷婷, 袁鑫鑫, 任万路, 姚新奎

新疆农业大学动物科学学院/新疆农业大学马产业研究院/新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐市 830052

收稿日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-20
通信作者: 孟军(1986-),男,教授,博士,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)junm86@qq.com
作者简介:高凤(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)yxq61@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“国产马专门化品系高效繁育技术体系构建”(2022A02013-1);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境（人才、基地）建设专项“马种质创新培育与高效健康养殖重点实验室平台建设”(PT2311);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目“专门化运动马培育技术服务支撑”(ZYYD2023C02)

Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses

GAO Feng(), MENG Jun(), ZENG Yaqi, ZENG Mingmin, XUE Yuheng, SHANG Tingting, YUAN Xinxin, REN Wanlu, YAO Xinkui

College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Sports Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-08-17 Published:2025-04-20 Online:2025-06-20
Supported by:
Major Scientific R & D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Construction of the Efficient Breeding Technology System of the Domestic Horse Specialized Strain"(2022A02013-1);Innovation Environment Construction Special Project (Talent, Base) of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Key Laboratory Platform Construction for Horse Germplasm Innovation Cultivation and Efficient and Healthy Breeding"(PT2311);Special Project for the Development of Local Science and Technology Guided by the Central Government "Specialized Sports Horse Cultivation Technical Service Support"(ZYYD2023C02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分及血浆代谢组,在探究2个时期乳成分差异及潜在调控机制。为揭示乳畜产奶性状和乳成分差异调控机制和改良乳畜泌乳性状提供参考。【方法】分别在分娩第0 d和第30 d采集8匹伊犁马的奶样与血液样本,采用乳成分仪分析2个时期的乳常规,并通过非靶向代谢组学对血浆代谢物进行比较分析。【结果】初乳中的乳脂、乳蛋白、固形物和非固形物均显著高于常乳(P <0.05),初乳中的乳糖显著低于常乳(P <0.05)。【结论】共筛选出363种差异代谢物,共显著富集到5条功能通路。在初乳时期血浆中存在很多代谢物与促进乳腺进行脂肪酸代谢、糖代谢、氨基酸代谢有关,例如棕榈酸、D-苏糖醇、生物素、泛酸等。

关键词: 伊犁马; 初乳; 常乳; 乳成分; 血浆代谢组

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to investigate the differences in milk composition between the two periods and the potential regulatory mechanisms by analysing the milk composition and plasma metabolome of Ili horses during colostrum and regular milk. 【Methods】 Milk and blood samples were collected from eight Yilihorses on day 0 and day 30 of parturition, respectively, and milk routine analyses of milk from the two periods were carried out by a milk composition analyser, and comparative analyses of plasma metabolites were performed by non-targeted metabolomics. 【Results】 The results revealed that milk fat, milk protein, solids and non-solids were significantly higherin colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05), and lactose was significantly lower in colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05). Plasma metabolites were analyzed and a total of 363 differential metabolites were screened according to conditions. 【Conclusion】 Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites significantly enriched a total of 5 functional pathways. The presence of many metabolites in plasma during colostrum period was associated with the promotion of fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the mammary gland, such as palmitic acid, D-threitol, biotin, and pantothenic acid.

Key words: Ili horse; colostrum; regular milk; milk components; plasma metabolome

中图分类号:

S821

高凤, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 曾明敏, 薛宇恒, 尚婷婷, 袁鑫鑫, 任万路, 姚新奎. 伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 1002-1013.

GAO Feng, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, ZENG Mingmin, XUE Yuheng, SHANG Tingting, YUAN Xinxin, REN Wanlu, YAO Xinkui. Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 1002-1013.

图/表 9

参考文献 33

[1]	Punia H, Tokas J, Malik A, et al. Identification and detection of bioactive peptides in milk and dairy products: remarks about agro-foods[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(15): 3328.
[2]	刘志安. 放牧伊犁马鲜马乳营养品质研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2014.
	LIU Zhian. Study on the nutritional quality of fresh horse milk[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2014.
[3]	Brezoveki A. Production, composition and properties of mare’s milk[J]. Mljekarstvo, 2014: 217-227.
[4]	Ali Goldansaz S, Guo A C, Sajed T, et al. Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: a systematic review[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(5): e0177675.
[5]	Foroutan A, Fitzsimmons C, Mandal R, et al. Serum metabolite biomarkers for predicting residual feed intake (RFI) of young Angus bulls[J]. Metabolites, 2020, 10(12): 491.
[6]	Funeshima N, Miura R, Katoh T, et al. Metabolomic profiles of plasma and uterine luminal fluids from healthy and repeat breeder Holstein cows[J]. BMC Veterinary Research, 2021, 17(1): 54. DOI PMID
[7]	Wang B, Sun H Z, Wu X H, et al. Arteriovenous blood metabolomics: an efficient method to determine the key metabolic pathway for milk synthesis in the intra-mammary gland[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 5598. DOI PMID
[8]	Tian H, Zheng N, Wang W Y, et al. Integrated metabolomics study of the milk of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 24208. DOI PMID
[9]	Ilves A, Harzia H, Ling K, et al. Alterations in milk and blood metabolomes during the first months of lactation in dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2012, 95(10): 5788-5797. DOI PMID
[10]	Wu X H, Sun H Z, Xue M Y, et al. Serum metabolome profiling revealed potential biomarkers for milk protein yield in dairy cows[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 2018, 184: 54-61. DOI PMID
[11]	Zhang G S, Zwierzchowski G, Mandal R, et al. Serum metabolomics identifies metabolite panels that differentiate lame dairy cows from healthy ones[J]. Metabolomics, 2020, 16(6): 73. DOI PMID
[12]	Zhong T, Wang C, Wang X L, et al. Early weaning and milk substitutes affect the gut microbiome, metabolomics, and antibody profile in goat kids suffering from diarrhea[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 904475.
[13]	Osorio J S, Lohakare J, Bionaz M. Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation[J]. Physiological Genomics, 2016, 48(4): 231-256. DOI PMID
[14]	Bauman D E, Mather I H, Wall R J, et al. Major advances associated with the biosynthesis of milk[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006, 89(4): 1235-1243. DOI PMID
[15]	Bernard L, Rouel J, Leroux C, et al. Mammary lipid metabolism and milk fatty acid secretion in alpine goats fed vegetable lipids[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2005, 88(4): 1478-1489. PMID
[16]	Davison K E, Potter G D, Greene L W, et al. Lactation and reproductive performance of mares fed added dietary fat during late gestation and early lactation[J]. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 1991, 11(2): 111-115.
[17]	Lauridsen C, Danielsen V. Lactational dietary fat levels and sources influence milk composition and performance of sows and their progeny[J]. Livestock Production Science, 2004, 91(1/2): 95-105.
[18]	McFadden T B, Daniel T E, Akers R M. Effects of plane of nutrition, growth hormone and unsaturated fat on mammary growth in prepubertal lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1990, 68(10): 3171-3179. PMID
[19]	Noble R C, Shand J H, Calvert D T. The role of the placenta in the supply of essential fatty acids to the fetal sheep: Studies of lipid compositions at term[J]. Placenta, 1982, 3(3): 287-295. PMID
[20]	金曙光, 双金, 包鹏云, 等. 探讨富含α-亚麻酸的添加剂对奶牛生产性能及乳中脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2004(12): 16-19.
	JIN Shuguang, SHUANG Jin, BAO Pengyun, et al. The effects of additives rich in α-linolenic acid on performance and fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows were studied[J]. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2004(12): 16-19.
[21]	Sunehag A, Tigas S, Haymond M W. Contribution of plasma galactose and glucose to milk lactose synthesis during galactose ingestion[J]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2003, 88(1): 225-229.
[22]	White H, Carvalho E, Koser S, et al. Short communication: Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes by dietary glycerol in transition dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2016, 99(1): 812-817. DOI PMID
[23]	Wei X S, Yin Q Y, Zhao H H, et al. Metabolomics for the effect of biotin and nicotinamide on transition dairy cows[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018, 66(22): 5723-5732. DOI PMID
[24]	Cabezas H, Raposo R R, Meléndez-Hevia E. Activity and metabolic roles of the pentose phosphate cycle in several rat tissues[J]. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1999, 201(1/2): 57-63.
[25]	Allen M S, Piantoni P. Carbohydrate nutrition: managing energy intake and partitioning through lactation[J]. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, 2014, 30(3): 577-597.
[26]	王俊锋, 黄静龙, 梁国义. 泌乳反刍动物乳蛋白的合成机理及调控途径的研究[J]. 饲料工业, 2005, 26(7): 13-17.
	WANG Junfeng, HUANG Jinglong, LIANG Guoyi. Synthetic mechanism of bovine milk protein and the controlling method[J]. Feed Industry, 2005, 26(7): 13-17.
[27]	Duplessis M, Girard C L. Response to a glucose tolerance test in early-lactation Holstein cows receiving a supplementation of biotin, folic acid, and vitamin B12[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2021, 104(1): 1111-1122. DOI PMID
[28]	俞大阔, 余长林, 汤守锟, 等. 德宏奶水牛乳脂率与DHI其他指标相关性分析[J]. 上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2016,(4): 10-12.
	YU Dakuo, YU Changlin, TANG Shoukun, et al. Correlation analysis between milk fat percentage and other indexes of DHI in Dehong dairy cows[J]. Shanghai Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2016,(4): 10-12.
[29]	Bavarsadi M, Mahdavi A H, Ansari-Mahyari S, et al. Effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2017, 101(5): 936-948. DOI PMID
[30]	Le H H, Shakeri M, Suleria H A R, et al. Betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids protect against heat stress and colonic permeability in growing pigs[J]. Antioxidants, 2020, 9(10): 1024.
[31]	Li Y, Xu F L, Tong X, et al. Effects ofMacleaya cordataextract on small intestinal morphology and gastrointestinal microbiota diversity of weaned pigs[J]. Livestock Science, 2020, 237: 104040.
[32]	Liu G, Aguilar Y M, Zhang L, et al. Dietary supplementation with sanguinarine enhances serum metabolites and antibodies in growing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2016, 94(suppl_3): 75-78.
[33]	凌浩, 肖红艳, 张紫阳, 等. 血根碱对奶山羊生产性能、抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(8): 4541-4548. DOI
	LING Hao, XIAO Hongyan, ZHANG Ziyang, et al. Effects of sanguinarine on performance, antioxidation and immune function of dairy goats[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(8): 4541-4548.

时间 Time(min)	A(%)	B(%)
0~0.5	5	95
0.5~7	5~35	95~65
7~8	35~60	65~40
8~9	60	40
9~9.1	60~5	40~95
9.1~12	5	95

时间 Time(min)	A(%)	B(%)
0~0.5	5	95
0.5~7	5~35	95~65
7~8	35~60	65~40
8~9	60	40
9~9.1	60~5	40~95
9.1~12	5	95

成分 Milk components	初乳 Colostrum	常乳 Regular milk
乳脂Fat	3.21±1.80^a	2.15±0.59^b
乳蛋白Protein	7.22±6.57^a	2.66±0.89^b
乳糖Lactose	4.90±0.85^a	5.95±1.11^b
总固形物TS	16.29±6.92^a	11.26±1.15^b
非脂固体SNF	13.66±6.03^a	9.13±0.82^b

成分 Milk components	初乳 Colostrum	常乳 Regular milk
乳脂Fat	3.21±1.80^a	2.15±0.59^b
乳蛋白Protein	7.22±6.57^a	2.66±0.89^b
乳糖Lactose	4.90±0.85^a	5.95±1.11^b
总固形物TS	16.29±6.92^a	11.26±1.15^b
非脂固体SNF	13.66±6.03^a	9.13±0.82^b

名称 MS2_name	初乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of cocostrum	常乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of regular milk	差异倍数 Fold Change	P值 P value	一般变量权重值VIP Experiment number
棕榈油酸Cis-9-palmitoleic acid	4 820 003.52	320 016.68	15.06	3.16E-04	13.79
利帕汀Bonactin	3 482 352.61	39 909.85	87.26	8.79E-03	10.79
7-羟基黄烷酮7-hydroxyflavanone	1 086 396.96	23 123.14	46.98	4.94E-02	5.39
纳曲吲哚Naltrindole	550 802.09	19 960.49	27.59	1.17E-04	4.59
生物胞素Biocytin	324 041.94	11 773.99	27.52	1.34E-04	3.64
沙蟾蜍精Arenobufagin	332 498.81	6 942.14	47.90	2.49E-04	3.53
端羟基12酸12-hydroxydodecanoic acid	282 512.22	2 597.37	108.77	7.63E-06	3.52
环氧玉米黄素Antheraxanthin	306 271.69	20 362.75	15.04	2.81E-08	3.50
帽柱木碱Mitragynine	412 918.84	30 450.26	13.56	1.97E-02	3.49
N6,N6,N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸 N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine	256 948.06	12 256.35	20.96	2.58E-05	3.19
6-氨基青霉烷酸 (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid	187 062.91	9 816.16	19.06	6.81E-10	2.90
甘露二糖 4.alpha.-mannobiose	322 008.14	4 134.81	77.88	1.98E-02	2.83
4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	181 323.15	8 229.20	22.03	1.84E-10	2.68
Cys-Met-Lys	152 380.79	8 130.44	18.74	5.21E-05	2.29
肉豆蔻油酸Myristoleic acid	141 067.85	8 379.47	16.83	4.44E-03	2.18
Fahfa 36:3	94 718.26	1 920.83	49.31	1.14E-06	2.11
Fahfa 34:0	99 515.44	5 750.39	17.31	3.45E-06	2.10
18-hydroxy-5z,8z,11z,14z, 16e-eicosapentaenoic acid	91 877.59	8 342.31	11.01	1.97E-05	1.94
Fahfa 36:1	89 997.47	5 615.63	16.03	4.46E-05	1.91
月桂左旋肉碱Lauroyl-l-carnitine	88 939.06	1 397.85	63.63	1.73E-04	1.73
癸酰-L-肉碱Decanoyl-l-carnitine	89 585.72	8 254.09	10.85	1.72E-03	1.58
车叶草苷Asperuloside	71 101.60	5 249.49	13.54	3.36E-03	1.53
黄连素Berberine	56 551.64	5 480.73	10.32	1.19E-07	1.52
亚麻油酸Stearidonic acid	55 770.54	3 961.16	14.08	1.16E-04	1.49
Fahfa 34:2	49 004.80	3 517.27	13.93	6.33E-06	1.46
野鸢尾黄素Irigenin	66 642.65	4 872.25	13.68	3.27E-04	1.45
Asp-Asn	63 327.26	1 902.04	33.29	3.56E-03	1.40
棕榈酰-L-左旋肉碱 L-palmitoylcarnitine	54 203.50	4 596.47	11.79	2.56E-05	1.36
Fahfa 34:1Fahfa 34:1	41 827.17	2 403.59	17.40	5.48E-06	1.35
乙腈中除草定Bromacil	45 182.76	1 272.61	35.50	5.28E-08	1.33
6-羟基黄酮6-hydroxyflavone	32 433.07	1 505.64	21.54	2.19E-10	1.21
9-顺式视黄醛9-cis-retinal	40 339.62	3 044.83	13.25	1.31E-03	1.19
Fahfa 36:0	37 416.45	3 215.16	11.64	2.35E-04	1.18
洛伐他汀钠Lovastatin hydroxy acid	37 267.83	1 349.18	27.62	6.39E-04	1.15
乳糖D-lactose	376 261.30	39 240.86	9.59	4.84E-03	3.13
2,4-二羟基喹啉Quinoline-2,4-diol	66 399.36	7 094.72	9.36	1.67E-03	1.40
谷胱甘肽Glutathione	264 357.00	29 530.54	8.95	4.02E-03	2.63
血根碱Sanguinarine	67 301.69	8 239.52	8.17	9.07E-05	1.49
生物素Biotin	81 499.25	27 469.76	2.97	2.68E-06	1.42
泛酸Pantothenate	107 624.86	52 616.11	2.05	2.36E-02	1.21

伊犁马初乳与常乳时期乳成分与血浆代谢组比较分析

Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 33

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

名称 MS2_name	初乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of cocostrum	常乳平均丰度值 Average abundance value of regular milk	差异倍数 Fold Change	P值 P value	一般变量权重值VIP Experiment number
Tyr-Cys	437 307.25	3 826 315.79	8.75	2.87E-04	11.54
甲羟戊酸-5-焦磷酸 Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate	57 849.28	3 377 378.97	58.38	1.30E-03	10.95
羧磷酰胺 Carboxyphosphamide	245 848.96	1 992 849.03	8.11	3.53E-02	6.49
赖氨酸 Lysine	128 371.77	1 129 458.03	8.80	4.23E-04	5.73
大豆苷 Daidzin	70 214.98	583 631.47	8.31	1.97E-07	4.86
D-甘露醇1-磷酸锂盐 D-mannitol 1-phosphate	56 429.79	515 986.37	9.14	4.95E-04	4.22
聚二戊烯 D-limonene	12 545.11	550 273.96	43.86	2.47E-05	4.17
6-脱氧-D-葡萄糖 D-quinovose	50 720.71	446 898.60	8.81	2.84E-04	3.89
3-羟基- DL -犬尿氨酸 3-hydroxykynurenine	46 846.99	389 066.22	8.31	2.66E-04	3.62
利卡灵A Licarin a	24 569.96	369 306.02	15.03	7.74E-04	3.58
组氨酰-丝氨酸 His-ser	38 396.58	414 546.30	10.80	4.35E-03	3.54
3-(2-羟苯基)丙酸 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	14 685.82	304 355.41	20.72	4.87E-04	3.37
轴突素1/2 Axistatin1/2	3 319.24	283 718.75	85.48	4.23E-08	3.33
苏拉明 Suramin	10 857.48	202 955.54	18.69	6.72E-04	2.70
D-苏糖醇 D-Threitol	6 717.11	162 116.89	24.13	1.14E-03	2.43
(-)-epigallocatechin	7 237.91	136 734.43	18.89	1.78E-06	2.39
1,5二磷酸核酮糖 Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate	13 440.43	163 251.66	12.15	2.15E-03	2.28
N-烟酰甘氨酸 Nicotinuric acid	10 752.45	144 972.30	13.48	1.81E-03	2.19
7,8-dihydroparasiloxanthin 7,8-dihydroparasiloxanthin	6 269.60	102 205.28	16.30	1.66E-07	2.00
乙酯杀螨醇 Chlorobenzilate	3 298.40	114 965.94	34.86	1.34E-03	1.91
5'-脱氧-5'-(甲硫基)腺苷 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine	4 250.25	71 327.34	16.78	8.04E-09	1.79
2,4-二甲基肉桂酸 2,4-dimethylcinnamic acid	8 254.02	72 653.21	8.80	6.26E-06	1.59
2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮 2'-hydroxy-5'-methylchalcone	5 060.85	57 434.88	11.35	1.98E-08	1.57
替尼泊苷 Teniposide	8 828.18	77 550.42	8.78	4.92E-03	1.44
(-)-(3s)-3-hydroxyquinine	1 938.14	62 064.85	32.02	9.38E-04	1.42
二十二碳三烯酸 Docosatrienoic acid	6 550.28	71 306.88	10.89	6.10E-04	1.41
Cys-Asn	2 978.47	42 788.97	14.37	1.17E-09	1.39
15-酮拉坦前列素(游离酸) 15-ketolatanoprost (free acid)	4 941.07	44 554.98	9.02	1.16E-08	1.38
7,8-dihydro-l-biopterin	3 085.36	46 936.13	15.21	1.19E-03	1.25
2-酮-d-葡萄糖酸 2-keto-d-gluconic acid	3 614.27	54 769.55	15.15	1.28E-02	1.22
螺螨酯 Spirodiclofen	6 412.56	54 774.31	8.54	6.10E-03	1.17
赤藓糖醇 Erythritol	748.12	44 913.29	60.04	1.13E-02	1.17
2-丙基苯酚 2-propylphenol	2 954.33	48 988.54	16.58	1.58E-02	1.17
补骨脂定 Psoralidin	1 586.06	38 113.48	24.03	8.06E-04	1.16
大观霉素 Spectinomycin	3 403.69	29 244.42	8.59	4.84E-04	1.01
头孢氨苄 Cephalexin	2 782.41	26 269.42	9.44	1.86E-05	1.00
D-1,5二磷酸核酮糖 D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate	22 953.71	175 119.46	7.63	5.72E-04	2.41
D-葡萄糖醛酸内酯 D-Glucuronolactone	43 368.52	230 934.53	5.32	4.57E-04	2.71
D-核糖-5-磷酸 D-ribose 5-phosphate	179 897.07	651 235.54	3.62	4.71E-04	4.25
磷酸吡哆醛 Pyridoxal phosphate	49 437.82	143 190.13	2.90	1.14E-02	1.57

Pathway	Pathway ID	KEGG_B_class	P value	代谢物 Metabolite
戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions	ko00040	碳水化合物代谢 Carbohydrate metabolism	0.006	D-葡萄糖醛酸 D-Glucuronate D-木糖 D-xylose 二半乳糖醛酸 Digalacturonic acid 甘油 Glycerol 木糖醇 Xylitol
不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids	ko01040	脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	0.021	11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, (z,z,z)- 花生四烯酸(不含过氧化物) Arachidonic acid (peroxide free) Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid 顺式-11-二十碳烯酸 Eicosenoic acid 亚麻酸 Linolenic acid 神经氨酸 Nervonic acid 棕榈酸 Palmitic acid 硬脂酸 Stearic acid
ABC 转运体 ABC transporters	ko02010	膜运输 Membrane transport	0.030	生物素 Biotin 肉碱 Carnitine D-乳糖 D-lactose 蜜二糖 Melibiose N-乙酰葡糖胺 N-acetyl-d-glucosamine D-纤维二糖 Cellobiose D-木糖 D-xylose 二半乳糖醛酸 Digalacturonic acid 赤藓糖醇 Erythritol 甘油 Glycerol 亚硝酸 Nitrous acid 牛磺酸 Taurine 木糖醇 Xylitol
脂肪酸的生物合成 Fatty acid biosynthesis	ko00061	脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	0.048	丙二酸 Malonic acid 顺式-9-棕榈油酸 Cis-9-palmitoleic acid 肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid 棕榈酸 Palmitic acid 硬脂酸 Stearic acid
逆行内源性大麻素信号传导 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling	ko04723	神经系统 Nervous system	0.048	花生四烯酸(不含过氧化物) Arachidonic acid (peroxide free) 甘油 Glycerol

[1]	薛宇恒, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 邓海峰, 曾明敏, 尚婷婷, 高凤, 沈哲弘, 姚新奎. 调教训练对伊犁马汗液形态及汗液指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 1014-1021.
[2]	常笑康, 曾亚琦, 孟军, 王建文, 张亚昂, 李林玲, 邓海峰, 郑文祥, 姚新奎, 周静. 耐力运动对伊犁马血液生理指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 742-748.
[3]	刘晔, 王彤亮, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 衡士兵, 王培明, 姚新奎, 樊志伟. 不同强度遛马对伊犁马900 m测试赛成绩及血气指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 749-756.
[4]	杨利平, 王川坤, 尚婷婷, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 诺鲁甫, 马康伟, 姚新奎, 孟军. 调教训练对伊犁马2 000 m速步赛血气指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 757-765.
[5]	张仕琦, 李晓斌, 张文杰, 韩明, 王世昌, 郑文祥, 欧阳文, 祁居中, 杨开伦. 基于LC/MS的伊犁马3 600 m速度赛赛前、赛后血浆代谢组学差异变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 501-510.
[6]	刘律, 李晓斌, 马艳, 杨昊, 张文杰, 鲁豪, 卫鑫岚, 高俊杰, 欧阳文, 杨开伦. 补喂胍基乙酸对运动训练伊犁马血浆胍基乙酸、肌酸浓度的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2267-2275.
[7]	王洁, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 吐尔逊江·吾木尔艾力, 王川坤, 袁鑫鑫, 王彤亮, 姚新奎. 伊犁马PFKM基因表达及酶活性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2758-2764.
[8]	王建文, 丁玉泽, 李璐伶, 姚新奎, 曾亚琦, 闫睛, 任万路, 王川坤, 孟军. 伊犁马LPL基因多态性及其与肉质性状关联性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2765-2771.
[9]	吴睿宸, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王川坤, 阿拉法特·艾合买提, 努尔塔依·库尔班塔依. 补饲不同剂量竹叶提取物对泌乳期伊犁马血液生化指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2772-2778.
[10]	张雪敏, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 叶尔哈拿提·卡得尔汗, 哈丽斯汗·巴哈依丁. 母源补喂竹叶提取物对伊犁马幼驹血液生化指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2779-2785.
[11]	马兵强, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 王川坤, 阿皮代姆·图尔荪. 补喂不同水平竹叶提取物对泌乳期伊犁马产奶量及乳成分的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2786-2792.
[12]	刘婷, 姚新奎, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王川坤, 任万路, 布沙热木·阿不都卡地尔, 高婉婷. 补喂竹叶提取物对伊犁马挤奶期间心率变异性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2793-2799.
[13]	钟浩杰, 姚新奎, 罗鹏辉, 孟军, 姚岳扬, 王川坤, 任万路. 基于代谢组学分析补喂发酵豆粕对伊犁马驹粪便代谢物的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2800-2807.
[14]	高晨霞, 孟军, 吕燕, 曾亚琦, 王川坤, 麦迪娜姆・布力布力, 胡泽旭, 艾力卡木・阿比来提, 姚新奎. 连续波中频电疗对伊犁马1 200 m速度赛后血气指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2808-2814.
[15]	吴金秋, 张冲, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 加娜尔・努尔顿, 王川坤, 袁鑫鑫, 王彤亮, 姚新奎. 伊犁马MCT1基因多态性与速度性能的关联性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2815-2821.