新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 501-510.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.030
张仕琦1(), 李晓斌1, 张文杰1, 韩明1, 王世昌1, 郑文祥2, 欧阳文2, 祁居中2, 杨开伦1(
)
收稿日期:
2022-02-20
出版日期:
2023-02-20
发布日期:
2023-03-31
通信作者:
杨开伦(1966-),男,云南人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为草食动物营养代谢,(E-mail)yangkailun2002@aliyun.com作者简介:
张仕琦(1993-),男,新疆额敏人,博士研究生,研究方向草食动物营养代谢,(E-mail)1505521966@qq.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Shiqi1(), LI Xiaobin1, ZHANG Wenjie1, HAN Ming1, WANG Shichang1, ZHENG Wenxiang2, OUYANG Wen2, QI Juzhong2, YANG Kailun1(
)
Received:
2022-02-20
Published:
2023-02-20
Online:
2023-03-31
Correspondence author:
YANG Kailun(1966-),male,Yunnan Province,Professor,PH Tutor,Research area: Nutritional Metabolism in Herbivores, (E-mail)yangkailun2002@aliyun.comSupported by:
摘要:
【目的】 研究伊犁马3 600 m速度赛赛前赛后血浆中代谢物的差异变化。【方法】 根据马场提供的遗传系谱,挑选5匹(3♂+2♀)无亲缘关系、体重(384.40±34.18)kg、年龄为2岁的速度赛用伊犁马,每日进行等强度训练。第25 d晨饲后4 h进行3 600 m速度赛,试验马以(11.75±0.87)m/s的平均速度完成比赛。赛前安稳状态下和赛后即刻测定心率和呼吸频率,采集血液、制备血浆样品,采集血浆的质谱,采用非靶向性代谢组学方法测定代谢物。【结果】 与赛前心率(39.80±0.40)bpm、呼吸频率(14.00±1.80)bpm相比,3 600 m速度赛赛后即刻试验马心率(80.80±7.70)bpm、呼吸频率(78.80±3.90)bpm显著升高(P<0.05)。与赛前相比,试验马赛后即刻部分血浆代谢物产生显著变化,差异代谢物主要涉及柠檬酸循环、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、五糖和葡萄糖醛酸间转化、半胱氨酸与蛋氨酸代谢、氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸降解、鞘脂代谢等生化代谢途径(P<0.05)。【结论】 伊犁马3 600 m速度赛前、赛后血浆样本的LC/MS代谢谱存在差异,差异代谢物涉及柠檬酸循环、糖酵解系统以及脂肪代谢、氨基酸代谢等过程,3 600 m速度赛伊犁马机体呈现出无氧、有氧以及混氧代谢的特点。
中图分类号:
张仕琦, 李晓斌, 张文杰, 韩明, 王世昌, 郑文祥, 欧阳文, 祁居中, 杨开伦. 基于LC/MS的伊犁马3 600 m速度赛赛前、赛后血浆代谢组学差异变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 501-510.
ZHANG Shiqi, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Wenjie, HAN Ming, WANG Shichang, ZHENG Wenxiang, OUYANG Wen, QI Juzhong, YANG Kailun. LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach for Exploring Plasma Metabolome Modififications before and after 3,600 m Speed Race in Yili horse[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 501-510.
项目 Items | 含量 Content | 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
原料 Ingredients | 黄玉米 | 15.30 | 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | 干物质 DM | 91.74 | |
粗蛋白 CP | 13.76 | |||||
小麦麸 | 6.00 | |||||
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 43.54 | |||||
大豆粕 (CP44%) | 9.00 | |||||
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 27.72 | |||||
磷酸二氢钙 CaH2PO4 | 1.00 | |||||
钙 Ca | 0.62 | |||||
预混料 1) | 0.33 | |||||
磷 P | 0.43 | |||||
食盐 | 0.67 | |||||
赖氨酸 Lys | 0.32 | |||||
L-丙氨酸 | 1.03 | |||||
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.11 | |||||
青干草 | 66.67 | |||||
丙氨酸 Ala | 0.94 | |||||
合计 | 100.00 |
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平表(干物质基础,%)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the diet (DM basis,%)
项目 Items | 含量 Content | 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
原料 Ingredients | 黄玉米 | 15.30 | 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | 干物质 DM | 91.74 | |
粗蛋白 CP | 13.76 | |||||
小麦麸 | 6.00 | |||||
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 43.54 | |||||
大豆粕 (CP44%) | 9.00 | |||||
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 27.72 | |||||
磷酸二氢钙 CaH2PO4 | 1.00 | |||||
钙 Ca | 0.62 | |||||
预混料 1) | 0.33 | |||||
磷 P | 0.43 | |||||
食盐 | 0.67 | |||||
赖氨酸 Lys | 0.32 | |||||
L-丙氨酸 | 1.03 | |||||
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.11 | |||||
青干草 | 66.67 | |||||
丙氨酸 Ala | 0.94 | |||||
合计 | 100.00 |
时间Time(min) | A(%) | B(%) |
---|---|---|
0 | 98 | 2 |
1 | 98 | 2 |
17 | 50 | 50 |
17.5 | 50 | 50 |
18 | 98 | 2 |
20 | 98 | 2 |
表2 色谱梯度洗脱程序
Table 2 Chromatographic gradient elution procedure
时间Time(min) | A(%) | B(%) |
---|---|---|
0 | 98 | 2 |
1 | 98 | 2 |
17 | 50 | 50 |
17.5 | 50 | 50 |
18 | 98 | 2 |
20 | 98 | 2 |
项目 Item | 赛前 Pre-race | 赛后即刻 Immediately at post-race | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|
心率 Heart rate | 39.80±0.4 | 80.8±7.70* | <0.001 |
呼吸频率 Respiratory rate | 14.00±1.80 | 78.80±3.90* | <0.001 |
表3 3 600 m速度赛前、后伊犁马的心率和呼吸频率
Table 3 Heart rate and respiratory rate of the Yili horse before and after 3 600 m speed race(bpm)
项目 Item | 赛前 Pre-race | 赛后即刻 Immediately at post-race | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|
心率 Heart rate | 39.80±0.4 | 80.8±7.70* | <0.001 |
呼吸频率 Respiratory rate | 14.00±1.80 | 78.80±3.90* | <0.001 |
图1 伊犁马血浆中代谢物质总离子色谱 注:A为正离子模式,B为负离子模式
Fig.1 Total ion chromatography of plasma metabolites in Yili horse Note: A is positive ion mode and B is negative ion mode
图2 PCA得分 注:图中置信椭圆为95%。A为正离子模式,B为负离子模式,下同
Fig.2 PCA score plot Note: The confidence ellipse is 95%.A is the positive ion mode and B is the negative ion mode,the same as below
代谢物 Metabolites | 分子式 Formula | 保留 时间 RT (min) | 变量 投影 重要 度 VIP | 上调/ 下调 Up/ Down |
---|---|---|---|---|
葡萄糖Glucose | C5H11ClNaO3PS | 1.61 | 3.24 | down |
D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸 D-glucose-6-phosphate | C6H10N3NaO2 | 1.61 | 3.43 | down |
甘油Glycerin | C3H8O3 | 1.41 | 5.27 | up |
柠檬酸Citric acid | C6H8O7 | 1.34 | 1.05 | up |
琥珀酸 Butanedioic acid | C4H6O4 | 2.47 | 6.52 | up |
精氨基琥珀酸 Argininosuccinic acid | C10H18N4O6 | 1.46 | 2.04 | up |
乳酸Lactic acid | C3H6O3 | 2.03 | 2.64 | up |
丙酮酸Pyruvic acid | C3H4O3 | 1.41 | 1.71 | up |
α-酮戊二酸 α-Ketoglutaric acid | C5H6O5 | 1.31 | 1.16 | up |
尿酸Uric acid | C5H4N4O3 | 1.41 | 3.02 | up |
亮氨酸Leucine | C8H16NNaO4 | 1.54 | 1.14 | down |
犬尿氨酸 Kynurenine | C6H9NO4S | 3.46 | 4.04 | up |
色氨酸 Tryptophan | C11H12N2O2 | 6.23 | 1.16 | down |
组氨酸 Histidine | C6H9N3O2 | 1.36 | 1.68 | down |
胱氨酸 Cystine; | C6H12N2O4S2 | 1.69 | 1.19 | up |
甜菜碱 Betaine | C5H11NO2 | 1.40 | 1.01 | down |
乙酰天冬氨酸 N-acetylaspartic acid | C6H9NO5 | 2.46 | 1.91 | up |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | C3H7NNa2P2 | 2.90 | 1.48 | up |
谷氨酸Glutamate | C7H11NO5 | 1.27 | 1.97 | up |
谷氨酰胺Glutamine | C5H10N2O3 | 1.52 | 1.60 | down |
脯氨酸Proline | C5H9NO2 | 1.43 | 1.01 | down |
苏氨酸Threonine | C4H9NO3 | 1.40 | 1.37 | down |
乙酰精氨酸 Acety-L-arginine | C7H15N4NaO4 | 1.59 | 1.41 | down |
混旋肉碱 DL-Carnitine | C7H15NO3 | 1.58 | 1.39 | down |
乙酰左旋肉碱 Acety-L-carnitine | C9H17NO4 | 1.41 | 1.73 | up |
辣椒素 Capsaicin | C40H56O3 | 15.69 | 1.23 | down |
多巴胺 Dopamine | C8H11NO2 | 3.99 | 1.08 | down |
表4 伊犁马3 600 m速度赛赛前赛后的血浆代谢差异物(n=5)
Table 4 Plasma differential metabolites before and after 3 600 m Speed Race in Yili horse(n=5)
代谢物 Metabolites | 分子式 Formula | 保留 时间 RT (min) | 变量 投影 重要 度 VIP | 上调/ 下调 Up/ Down |
---|---|---|---|---|
葡萄糖Glucose | C5H11ClNaO3PS | 1.61 | 3.24 | down |
D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸 D-glucose-6-phosphate | C6H10N3NaO2 | 1.61 | 3.43 | down |
甘油Glycerin | C3H8O3 | 1.41 | 5.27 | up |
柠檬酸Citric acid | C6H8O7 | 1.34 | 1.05 | up |
琥珀酸 Butanedioic acid | C4H6O4 | 2.47 | 6.52 | up |
精氨基琥珀酸 Argininosuccinic acid | C10H18N4O6 | 1.46 | 2.04 | up |
乳酸Lactic acid | C3H6O3 | 2.03 | 2.64 | up |
丙酮酸Pyruvic acid | C3H4O3 | 1.41 | 1.71 | up |
α-酮戊二酸 α-Ketoglutaric acid | C5H6O5 | 1.31 | 1.16 | up |
尿酸Uric acid | C5H4N4O3 | 1.41 | 3.02 | up |
亮氨酸Leucine | C8H16NNaO4 | 1.54 | 1.14 | down |
犬尿氨酸 Kynurenine | C6H9NO4S | 3.46 | 4.04 | up |
色氨酸 Tryptophan | C11H12N2O2 | 6.23 | 1.16 | down |
组氨酸 Histidine | C6H9N3O2 | 1.36 | 1.68 | down |
胱氨酸 Cystine; | C6H12N2O4S2 | 1.69 | 1.19 | up |
甜菜碱 Betaine | C5H11NO2 | 1.40 | 1.01 | down |
乙酰天冬氨酸 N-acetylaspartic acid | C6H9NO5 | 2.46 | 1.91 | up |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | C3H7NNa2P2 | 2.90 | 1.48 | up |
谷氨酸Glutamate | C7H11NO5 | 1.27 | 1.97 | up |
谷氨酰胺Glutamine | C5H10N2O3 | 1.52 | 1.60 | down |
脯氨酸Proline | C5H9NO2 | 1.43 | 1.01 | down |
苏氨酸Threonine | C4H9NO3 | 1.40 | 1.37 | down |
乙酰精氨酸 Acety-L-arginine | C7H15N4NaO4 | 1.59 | 1.41 | down |
混旋肉碱 DL-Carnitine | C7H15NO3 | 1.58 | 1.39 | down |
乙酰左旋肉碱 Acety-L-carnitine | C9H17NO4 | 1.41 | 1.73 | up |
辣椒素 Capsaicin | C40H56O3 | 15.69 | 1.23 | down |
多巴胺 Dopamine | C8H11NO2 | 3.99 | 1.08 | down |
项目 Item | 赛前 Pre-race | 赛后即刻 Immediately at post-race | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|
天门冬氨酸 Asp | 2.60±0.45 | 8.79±0.91** | <0.001 |
色氨酸 Trp | 53.22±5.60 | 37.80±6.68** | <0.001 |
赖氨酸 Lys | 87.44±4.99 | 113.68±8.15** | <0.001 |
组氨酸 His | 81.74±4.93 | 62.14±9.00** | 0.002 |
天门冬酰胺 Asn | 51.00±6.48 | 41.44±5.35** | 0.004 |
丙氨酸 Ala | 333.80±40.94 | 426.00±43.3 | 0.036 |
精氨酸 Arg | 178.00±4.74 | 202.00±14.80# | 0.05 |
半胱氨酸 Cys | 83.22±10.32 | 71.82±4.20# | 0.076 |
亮氨酸 Leu | 125.98±5.80 | 150.80±23.32# | 0.085 |
异亮氨酸 Ile | 73.34±6.06 | 80.20±4.09 | 0.108 |
谷氨酰胺 Gln | 414.40±21.10 | 432.00±36.18 | 0.205 |
谷氨酸 Glu | 15.00±1.53 | 55.12±7.54 | 0.205 |
苯丙氨酸 Phe | 58.68±2.66 | 67.28±13.17 | 0.214 |
甘氨酸 Gly | 688.20±61.37 | 734.40±88.17 | 0.313 |
丝氨酸 Ser | 262.00±45.38 | 246.60±34.16 | 0.401 |
酪氨酸 Tyr | 115.32±7.74 | 112.06±8.56 | 0.447 |
缬氨酸 Val | 216.40±21.71 | 217.20±24.91 | 0.54 |
甲硫氨酸 Met | 27.68±1.92 | 26.20±3.76 | 0.547 |
苏氨酸 Thr | 103.08±6.88 | 101.32±10.61 | 0.778 |
脯氨酸 Pro | 138.60±23.22 | 129.52±15.66 | 0.94 |
氨基酸总量 TAA | 3 109.70±142.84 | 3 316.37±260.25 | 0.128 |
必需氨基酸 EAA | 745.82±40.05 | 794.48±78.08 | 0.176 |
非必需氨基酸 NEAA | 2 363.88±113.33 | 2 521.89±185.38 | 0.119 |
支链氨基酸 BCAA | 415.72±28.38 | 448.20±46.78 | 0.139 |
芳香族氨基酸 AAA | 227.22±11.05 | 217.14±17.71 | 0.117 |
必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸 | 0.32±0.02 | 0.32±0.02 | 1.000 |
色氨酸/支链氨基酸 | 0.13±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.002 |
表5 伊犁马3 600 m速度赛赛前赛后的血浆游离氨基酸含量变化(n=5, μmol/L)
Table 5 Changes of free amino acids in pasma before and after 3 600 m Speed Race in Yili horse(n=5, μmol/L)
项目 Item | 赛前 Pre-race | 赛后即刻 Immediately at post-race | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|
天门冬氨酸 Asp | 2.60±0.45 | 8.79±0.91** | <0.001 |
色氨酸 Trp | 53.22±5.60 | 37.80±6.68** | <0.001 |
赖氨酸 Lys | 87.44±4.99 | 113.68±8.15** | <0.001 |
组氨酸 His | 81.74±4.93 | 62.14±9.00** | 0.002 |
天门冬酰胺 Asn | 51.00±6.48 | 41.44±5.35** | 0.004 |
丙氨酸 Ala | 333.80±40.94 | 426.00±43.3 | 0.036 |
精氨酸 Arg | 178.00±4.74 | 202.00±14.80# | 0.05 |
半胱氨酸 Cys | 83.22±10.32 | 71.82±4.20# | 0.076 |
亮氨酸 Leu | 125.98±5.80 | 150.80±23.32# | 0.085 |
异亮氨酸 Ile | 73.34±6.06 | 80.20±4.09 | 0.108 |
谷氨酰胺 Gln | 414.40±21.10 | 432.00±36.18 | 0.205 |
谷氨酸 Glu | 15.00±1.53 | 55.12±7.54 | 0.205 |
苯丙氨酸 Phe | 58.68±2.66 | 67.28±13.17 | 0.214 |
甘氨酸 Gly | 688.20±61.37 | 734.40±88.17 | 0.313 |
丝氨酸 Ser | 262.00±45.38 | 246.60±34.16 | 0.401 |
酪氨酸 Tyr | 115.32±7.74 | 112.06±8.56 | 0.447 |
缬氨酸 Val | 216.40±21.71 | 217.20±24.91 | 0.54 |
甲硫氨酸 Met | 27.68±1.92 | 26.20±3.76 | 0.547 |
苏氨酸 Thr | 103.08±6.88 | 101.32±10.61 | 0.778 |
脯氨酸 Pro | 138.60±23.22 | 129.52±15.66 | 0.94 |
氨基酸总量 TAA | 3 109.70±142.84 | 3 316.37±260.25 | 0.128 |
必需氨基酸 EAA | 745.82±40.05 | 794.48±78.08 | 0.176 |
非必需氨基酸 NEAA | 2 363.88±113.33 | 2 521.89±185.38 | 0.119 |
支链氨基酸 BCAA | 415.72±28.38 | 448.20±46.78 | 0.139 |
芳香族氨基酸 AAA | 227.22±11.05 | 217.14±17.71 | 0.117 |
必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸 | 0.32±0.02 | 0.32±0.02 | 1.000 |
色氨酸/支链氨基酸 | 0.13±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.002 |
途径 Pathway | P值 P-value | 校正P值 Adjusted P-value |
---|---|---|
柠檬酸循环(TCA循环)Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 0.01 | 0.46 |
丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 0.01 | 0.46 |
五糖和葡萄糖醛酸间转化Pentose and glucuronate interconversions | 0.02 | 0.46 |
半胱氨酸与蛋氨酸代谢Cysteine and methionine metabolism | 0.03 | 0.46 |
氧化磷酸化(作用)Oxidative phosphorylation | 0.01 | 0.57 |
脂肪酸降解Fatty acid degradation | 0.03 | 0.57 |
鞘脂代谢Sphingolipid metabolism | 0.03 | 0.57 |
表6 KEGG富集
Table 6 KEGG enrichment
途径 Pathway | P值 P-value | 校正P值 Adjusted P-value |
---|---|---|
柠檬酸循环(TCA循环)Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 0.01 | 0.46 |
丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 0.01 | 0.46 |
五糖和葡萄糖醛酸间转化Pentose and glucuronate interconversions | 0.02 | 0.46 |
半胱氨酸与蛋氨酸代谢Cysteine and methionine metabolism | 0.03 | 0.46 |
氧化磷酸化(作用)Oxidative phosphorylation | 0.01 | 0.57 |
脂肪酸降解Fatty acid degradation | 0.03 | 0.57 |
鞘脂代谢Sphingolipid metabolism | 0.03 | 0.57 |
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